Nicholas Davenport, T. Tryfonas, Alan Peters, S. Karatzas, A. Karameros
Dependable systems pose particular challenges to system developers who try to implement agile approaches to tackle the problem of requirements scope creep. However, legislation compliance, safety case development, and other strong contextual influences may be seen to inhibit the implementation of any approaches other than the traditional linear life cycles, even though agility may be able to improve the development process in parts. This article discusses key success factors when integrating agile with structured systems development life cycle approaches. The authors adopt an empirical approach and analyse a historical case study of a personal rapid transit (PRT) system, reflecting on key factors and relating those to the relevant literature. Based on these experiences, a model for the integration of agile with structured systems lifecycle models in dependable systems is developed. This model addresses the challenge of integrating multiple lifecycles of potentially conflicting objectives within a single programme.
{"title":"An Agile Approach for Lifecycle Integration in Personal Rapid Transit Systems Engineering","authors":"Nicholas Davenport, T. Tryfonas, Alan Peters, S. Karatzas, A. Karameros","doi":"10.4018/ijsvst.324063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsvst.324063","url":null,"abstract":"Dependable systems pose particular challenges to system developers who try to implement agile approaches to tackle the problem of requirements scope creep. However, legislation compliance, safety case development, and other strong contextual influences may be seen to inhibit the implementation of any approaches other than the traditional linear life cycles, even though agility may be able to improve the development process in parts. This article discusses key success factors when integrating agile with structured systems development life cycle approaches. The authors adopt an empirical approach and analyse a historical case study of a personal rapid transit (PRT) system, reflecting on key factors and relating those to the relevant literature. Based on these experiences, a model for the integration of agile with structured systems lifecycle models in dependable systems is developed. This model addresses the challenge of integrating multiple lifecycles of potentially conflicting objectives within a single programme.","PeriodicalId":201037,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart Vehicles and Smart Transportation","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115089538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Comfort where an occupant is present is the subject of marketing in many sectors. This research paper focuses on heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) in the transportation sector. A literature survey has been conducted to understand historic HVAC control and optimization approaches. Many control approaches were captured/compared, and this provides great potential, but also shows that there is still room for improvement. This research explores a unique control opportunity using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to predict the occupant, and then follows it with kalman decomposition (KD) for real time controllability/observability post-LDA operation. Integrating these two tools provides results as new combined approach for HVAC control. Prediction algorithm LDA shows approximately 79% accuracy score for prediction, which is above average when compared to other algorithms and sensors used. KD is manipulated to be controllable and observable to maintain cabin temperature in real-time once the occupant is identified.
{"title":"Intelligent HVAC Control Prediction","authors":"Mohamed Alkhadashi, A. Shaout","doi":"10.4018/ijsvst.315648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsvst.315648","url":null,"abstract":"Comfort where an occupant is present is the subject of marketing in many sectors. This research paper focuses on heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) in the transportation sector. A literature survey has been conducted to understand historic HVAC control and optimization approaches. Many control approaches were captured/compared, and this provides great potential, but also shows that there is still room for improvement. This research explores a unique control opportunity using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to predict the occupant, and then follows it with kalman decomposition (KD) for real time controllability/observability post-LDA operation. Integrating these two tools provides results as new combined approach for HVAC control. Prediction algorithm LDA shows approximately 79% accuracy score for prediction, which is above average when compared to other algorithms and sensors used. KD is manipulated to be controllable and observable to maintain cabin temperature in real-time once the occupant is identified.","PeriodicalId":201037,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart Vehicles and Smart Transportation","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120978644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the wireless technology is advancing rapidly, there is also an increasing demand for high data rates and large bandwidth. So, the new generation technology (5G) is proposed. For this purpose, there is a need of advanced antenna design, and here the authors are using a microstrip patch antenna, which is highly preferred due to low profile, simple manufacturing, and ease of feeding. This research presents the design of 28.132 GHz microstrip patch antenna. We have used FR-4 substrate here is which has a dielectric constant Er= 4.3 and a thickness of 0.5 mm. The dimensions of patch are 4.8×6.8×0.5mm including the ground plane. It has a bandwidth of 1.613 GHz, return loss of -19.175 dB, VSWR 1.24 dB, VSWR as 1.24 dB, gain as 3.82 dB and total efficiency of -3.116 dB.. The designing and simulation of this antenna is performed by CST studio suite software and various specifications such as S-parameter, VSWR, and radiation pattern is discussed. Furthermore, comparative analysis is done, which is indicating the variation of antenna parameters on varying the design dimensions.
{"title":"Parametric Analysis and Design of 28GHz Microstrip Patch Antenna","authors":"Raghuraj Sharan Saxena, Rishik Shrivastava, Ritu Muchhal, Rahul Tiwari","doi":"10.4018/ijsvst.2020070103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsvst.2020070103","url":null,"abstract":"As the wireless technology is advancing rapidly, there is also an increasing demand for high data rates and large bandwidth. So, the new generation technology (5G) is proposed. For this purpose, there is a need of advanced antenna design, and here the authors are using a microstrip patch antenna, which is highly preferred due to low profile, simple manufacturing, and ease of feeding. This research presents the design of 28.132 GHz microstrip patch antenna. We have used FR-4 substrate here is which has a dielectric constant Er= 4.3 and a thickness of 0.5 mm. The dimensions of patch are 4.8×6.8×0.5mm including the ground plane. It has a bandwidth of 1.613 GHz, return loss of -19.175 dB, VSWR 1.24 dB, VSWR as 1.24 dB, gain as 3.82 dB and total efficiency of -3.116 dB.. The designing and simulation of this antenna is performed by CST studio suite software and various specifications such as S-parameter, VSWR, and radiation pattern is discussed. Furthermore, comparative analysis is done, which is indicating the variation of antenna parameters on varying the design dimensions.","PeriodicalId":201037,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart Vehicles and Smart Transportation","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122630103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/ijsvst.2021010103
Estifanos Tilahun Mihret, Kebebew Ababu Yitayih
This work proposed an integrated novel architecture of UAV System, LTE/4G, and WAVE technologies with its forwarding schemes in highway scenario to enhance the VANET communications and achieve the requirements of its basic applications, particularly safety and traffic. Algorithms for UAV sensing, tagging (based on the proposed safety and traffic info model), and broadcasting operations, and forwarding of safety or traffic info to respective infrastructures, and then smart ground vehicles are designed, particularly to minimize intermittent connectivity and bandwidth usage as well as to satisfy the requirements of VANET applications. The authors have evaluated the performance of the integrated novel architecture with its forwarding schemes/algorithms through integrated and simulated VANETs and wireless access technologies (LTE/4G and UAV system) environment.
{"title":"Operation of VANET Communications","authors":"Estifanos Tilahun Mihret, Kebebew Ababu Yitayih","doi":"10.4018/ijsvst.2021010103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsvst.2021010103","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposed an integrated novel architecture of UAV System, LTE/4G, and WAVE technologies with its forwarding schemes in highway scenario to enhance the VANET communications and achieve the requirements of its basic applications, particularly safety and traffic. Algorithms for UAV sensing, tagging (based on the proposed safety and traffic info model), and broadcasting operations, and forwarding of safety or traffic info to respective infrastructures, and then smart ground vehicles are designed, particularly to minimize intermittent connectivity and bandwidth usage as well as to satisfy the requirements of VANET applications. The authors have evaluated the performance of the integrated novel architecture with its forwarding schemes/algorithms through integrated and simulated VANETs and wireless access technologies (LTE/4G and UAV system) environment.","PeriodicalId":201037,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart Vehicles and Smart Transportation","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125077029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/ijsvst.2021010101
S. I. Olotu, O. Adewale, B. Ojokoh
Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a self-organized, multi-purpose, service-oriented communication network that enables communication between vehicles and between vehicles and roadside infrastructures for the purpose of exchanging messages. In a dense traffic scenario, the message traffic may generate a load higher than the available capacity of the transmission medium leading to channel congestion problem. This situation leads to a rise in packet loss rates and transmission delay. Some existing congestion control schemes adapt the transmission power, transmission rate, and contention window parameters by making comparison with neighboring values through classical logic. However, the approach does not consider points between two close parameter values. This work uses fuzzy logic to improve the adaptation process of the network contention window parameter. The proposed scheme achieved a 15% higher in-packet delivery ratio and 10ms faster transmission compared with related work in terms end-to-end delay.
{"title":"A Fuzzy-Based Congestion Control Scheme for Vehicular Adhoc Network Communication","authors":"S. I. Olotu, O. Adewale, B. Ojokoh","doi":"10.4018/ijsvst.2021010101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsvst.2021010101","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a self-organized, multi-purpose, service-oriented communication network that enables communication between vehicles and between vehicles and roadside infrastructures for the purpose of exchanging messages. In a dense traffic scenario, the message traffic may generate a load higher than the available capacity of the transmission medium leading to channel congestion problem. This situation leads to a rise in packet loss rates and transmission delay. Some existing congestion control schemes adapt the transmission power, transmission rate, and contention window parameters by making comparison with neighboring values through classical logic. However, the approach does not consider points between two close parameter values. This work uses fuzzy logic to improve the adaptation process of the network contention window parameter. The proposed scheme achieved a 15% higher in-packet delivery ratio and 10ms faster transmission compared with related work in terms end-to-end delay.","PeriodicalId":201037,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart Vehicles and Smart Transportation","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134111134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/ijsvst.2021010102
C. Pany
This paper discusses the design criterion of a pressurant steel tank made of HSLA 15CDV6 and proof pressure test (PPT) as a non-destructive examination. An inverse Ramberg-Osgood relation is used to represent the stress-strain curve of the material. Elasto-plastic finite element analysis (FEA) has been carried out to examine the adequacy of the design. Experimental stress analysis has been carried out from the measured strains and found maximum effective stress is at LS joint (max. measured strain location). Strain obtained from FEA is compared reasonably well with the proof pressure test (PPT) data at most of the strain gauge locations except at one long-seam (LS) joint. So, to explain the causes of difference in strains near one LS, parametric studies have been performed in a 3D FEA with varying LS mismatch to find the correct mismatch as a reverse engineering problem. It is found that a mismatch value of 0.9 mm will give the required strain at PPT, which is measured only 0.4 mm. The failure pressure estimated through nonlinear FEA/analytical expressions found to meet the design.
{"title":"Estimation of Correct Long-Seam Mismatch Using FEA to Compare the Measured Strain in a Non-Destructive Testing of a Pressurant Tank","authors":"C. Pany","doi":"10.4018/ijsvst.2021010102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsvst.2021010102","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the design criterion of a pressurant steel tank made of HSLA 15CDV6 and proof pressure test (PPT) as a non-destructive examination. An inverse Ramberg-Osgood relation is used to represent the stress-strain curve of the material. Elasto-plastic finite element analysis (FEA) has been carried out to examine the adequacy of the design. Experimental stress analysis has been carried out from the measured strains and found maximum effective stress is at LS joint (max. measured strain location). Strain obtained from FEA is compared reasonably well with the proof pressure test (PPT) data at most of the strain gauge locations except at one long-seam (LS) joint. So, to explain the causes of difference in strains near one LS, parametric studies have been performed in a 3D FEA with varying LS mismatch to find the correct mismatch as a reverse engineering problem. It is found that a mismatch value of 0.9 mm will give the required strain at PPT, which is measured only 0.4 mm. The failure pressure estimated through nonlinear FEA/analytical expressions found to meet the design.","PeriodicalId":201037,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart Vehicles and Smart Transportation","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122011677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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