Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.110.034610
O. C. B. Santos, R. Lichtenthäler Filho, K. C. C. Pires, U. Umbelino, E. O. N. Zevallos, A. L. de Lara, A. S. Serra, V. Scarduelli, J. Alcántara-Núñez, A. Lépine-Szily, A. M. Moro, S. Appannababu, M. Assunção, Jin Lei
The <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mi>Li</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>8</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>+</mo><mmultiscripts><mi>Sn</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>120</mn></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> collision has been investigated at laboratory energies of 21.7 and 25.8 MeV (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msubsup><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>CB</mi></mrow><mi>lab</mi></msubsup><mo>=</mo><mn>20.5</mn></mrow></math> MeV). The <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mi>Li</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>8</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>+</mo><mmultiscripts><mi>Sn</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>120</mn></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> elastic scattering and the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mi>Li</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>7</mn></mmultiscripts></math> fragment angular and energy distributions from the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mi>Sn</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>120</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>(</mo><mmultiscripts><mi>Li</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>8</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>,</mo><mmultiscripts><mi>Li</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>7</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>)</mo><mi>X</mi></mrow></math> reaction have been measured. The elastic scattering angular distributions were analyzed by optical model and coupled reaction channels (CRC) calculations considering the coupling with the neutron stripping channel. The effect of the projectile breakup on the elastic scattering distributions has been studied via continuum-discretized coupled-channels (CDCC) calculations. The experimental <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mi>Li</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>7</mn></mmultiscripts></math> energy distribution presents characteristics similar to a neutron transfer reaction populating a wide range of excited states in the recoil system, from the ground state up to states above the neutron threshold, with a maximum in the excitation energy predicted by <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>Q</mi></math>-optimum arguments. These energy distributions, as well as the corresponding <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mi>Li</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>7</mn></mmultiscripts></math> angular distributions, are well described using the Ichimura, Austern, and Vincent (IAV) model, which includes the neutron transfer to bound and unbound states of the target nucleus. The total reaction cross sections from the elastic scattering angular distributions and total breakup cross sections have been obtained from the IAV plus CDCC and CRC calculations. A comparison with previous measurements of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mi>Li</mi><mprescripts></mprescr
{"title":"Elastic scattering and Li7 production in the Li8+Sn120 reaction","authors":"O. C. B. Santos, R. Lichtenthäler Filho, K. C. C. Pires, U. Umbelino, E. O. N. Zevallos, A. L. de Lara, A. S. Serra, V. Scarduelli, J. Alcántara-Núñez, A. Lépine-Szily, A. M. Moro, S. Appannababu, M. Assunção, Jin Lei","doi":"10.1103/physrevc.110.034610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.110.034610","url":null,"abstract":"The <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mi>Li</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>8</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>+</mo><mmultiscripts><mi>Sn</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>120</mn></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> collision has been investigated at laboratory energies of 21.7 and 25.8 MeV (<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><msubsup><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>CB</mi></mrow><mi>lab</mi></msubsup><mo>=</mo><mn>20.5</mn></mrow></math> MeV). The <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mi>Li</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>8</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>+</mo><mmultiscripts><mi>Sn</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>120</mn></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> elastic scattering and the <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mmultiscripts><mi>Li</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>7</mn></mmultiscripts></math> fragment angular and energy distributions from the <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mi>Sn</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>120</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>(</mo><mmultiscripts><mi>Li</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>8</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>,</mo><mmultiscripts><mi>Li</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>7</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>)</mo><mi>X</mi></mrow></math> reaction have been measured. The elastic scattering angular distributions were analyzed by optical model and coupled reaction channels (CRC) calculations considering the coupling with the neutron stripping channel. The effect of the projectile breakup on the elastic scattering distributions has been studied via continuum-discretized coupled-channels (CDCC) calculations. The experimental <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mmultiscripts><mi>Li</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>7</mn></mmultiscripts></math> energy distribution presents characteristics similar to a neutron transfer reaction populating a wide range of excited states in the recoil system, from the ground state up to states above the neutron threshold, with a maximum in the excitation energy predicted by <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>Q</mi></math>-optimum arguments. These energy distributions, as well as the corresponding <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mmultiscripts><mi>Li</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>7</mn></mmultiscripts></math> angular distributions, are well described using the Ichimura, Austern, and Vincent (IAV) model, which includes the neutron transfer to bound and unbound states of the target nucleus. The total reaction cross sections from the elastic scattering angular distributions and total breakup cross sections have been obtained from the IAV plus CDCC and CRC calculations. A comparison with previous measurements of the <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mmultiscripts><mi>Li</mi><mprescripts></mprescr","PeriodicalId":20122,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review C","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.110.035807
Ruchi Mahajan, T. Wheeler, E. Pollacco, C. Wrede, A. Adams, H. Alvarez-Pol, A. Andalib, A. Anthony, Y. Ayyad, D. Bazin, T. Budner, M. Cortesi, J. Dopfer, M. Friedman, B. Jain, A. Jaros, D. Pérez-Loureiro, B. Mehl, R. De Oliveira, S. Ravishankar, L. J. Sun, J. Surbrook
Background: The established Gaseous Detector with Germanium Tagging (GADGET) detection system is used to measure weak, low-energy -delayed proton decays. It consists of the Gaseous Proton Detector equipped with a MICROMEGAS (MM) readout to detect protons and other charged particles calorimetrically, surrounded by the Segmented Germanium Array (SeGA) for high-resolution detection of prompt rays.
{"title":"Time projection chamber for GADGET II","authors":"Ruchi Mahajan, T. Wheeler, E. Pollacco, C. Wrede, A. Adams, H. Alvarez-Pol, A. Andalib, A. Anthony, Y. Ayyad, D. Bazin, T. Budner, M. Cortesi, J. Dopfer, M. Friedman, B. Jain, A. Jaros, D. Pérez-Loureiro, B. Mehl, R. De Oliveira, S. Ravishankar, L. J. Sun, J. Surbrook","doi":"10.1103/physrevc.110.035807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.110.035807","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Background:</b> The established Gaseous Detector with Germanium Tagging (GADGET) detection system is used to measure weak, low-energy <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>β</mi></math>-delayed proton decays. It consists of the Gaseous Proton Detector equipped with a MICROMEGAS (MM) readout to detect protons and other charged particles calorimetrically, surrounded by the Segmented Germanium Array (SeGA) for high-resolution detection of prompt <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>γ</mi></math> rays.","PeriodicalId":20122,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review C","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.110.034313
I. Ragnarsson, A. Kardan, B. G. Carlsson, E. S. Paul, C. M. Petrache, M. A. Riley, J. F. Sharpey-Schafer, J. Simpson
Observed rotational bands that terminate or appear to terminate at very high spin are analyzed within the configuration constrained cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky (unpaired CNS or CNSB with pairing) formalism. Spin values for the nuclei discussed reach or come close to the maximum spin that can be built within the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>50</mn><mo>–</mo><mn>82</mn></mrow></math> shells. Configurations are distinguished not only by the number of particles in high-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>j</mi></math> and low-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>j</mi></math> shells within each <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi></math> shell but, in some cases, also by the number of particles in pseudospin partners like <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mn>5</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mi>g</mi><mrow><mn>7</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math>. Configurations in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mi>Dy</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>156</mn></mmultiscripts></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mi>Hf</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>164</mn></mmultiscripts></math>, which terminate at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>I</mi><mo>≈</mo><mn>60</mn></mrow></math>, are well understood in terms of their occupation of open <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>j</mi></math> shells or groups of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>j</mi></math> shells. The bands in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mi>Dy</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>156</mn></mmultiscripts></math> are tentatively observed up to termination while the bands in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mi>Hf</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>164</mn></mmultiscripts></math> are still a few spin units away. These terminating states are built with up to 18 aligned particles or 18 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>particles</mtext><mo>+</mo><mtext>holes</mtext></math> outside a core. The core is built from nucleons in filled <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>j</mi></math> shells, which gives no contribution to the spin. Analysis of the high-spin bands in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mi>Xe</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>125</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>126</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscr
{"title":"Band terminations and maximum spin values with up to 18 aligned particles (and holes) in the Z,N=50 to 82 shells","authors":"I. Ragnarsson, A. Kardan, B. G. Carlsson, E. S. Paul, C. M. Petrache, M. A. Riley, J. F. Sharpey-Schafer, J. Simpson","doi":"10.1103/physrevc.110.034313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.110.034313","url":null,"abstract":"Observed rotational bands that terminate or appear to terminate at very high spin are analyzed within the configuration constrained cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky (unpaired CNS or CNSB with pairing) formalism. Spin values for the nuclei discussed reach or come close to the maximum spin that can be built within the <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>50</mn><mo>–</mo><mn>82</mn></mrow></math> shells. Configurations are distinguished not only by the number of particles in high-<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>j</mi></math> and low-<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>j</mi></math> shells within each <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi mathvariant=\"script\">N</mi></math> shell but, in some cases, also by the number of particles in pseudospin partners like <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mn>5</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mi>g</mi><mrow><mn>7</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math> and <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math>. Configurations in <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mmultiscripts><mi>Dy</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>156</mn></mmultiscripts></math> and <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mmultiscripts><mi>Hf</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>164</mn></mmultiscripts></math>, which terminate at <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mi>I</mi><mo>≈</mo><mn>60</mn></mrow></math>, are well understood in terms of their occupation of open <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>j</mi></math> shells or groups of <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>j</mi></math> shells. The bands in <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mmultiscripts><mi>Dy</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>156</mn></mmultiscripts></math> are tentatively observed up to termination while the bands in <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mmultiscripts><mi>Hf</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>164</mn></mmultiscripts></math> are still a few spin units away. These terminating states are built with up to 18 aligned particles or 18 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mtext>particles</mtext><mo>+</mo><mtext>holes</mtext></math> outside a core. The core is built from nucleons in filled <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>j</mi></math> shells, which gives no contribution to the spin. Analysis of the high-spin bands in <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mmultiscripts><mi>Xe</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>125</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>126</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></math> and <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mmultiscr","PeriodicalId":20122,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review C","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.110.034612
T. S. Nagel, J. A. Brown, J. C. Batchelder, D. Bleuel, C. A. Brand, A. Georgiadou, B. L. Goldblum, M. Fratoni, J. M. Gordon, T. A. Laplace, L. A. Bernstein
Background: Knowledge of the neutron-induced cross sections is vital to the design and certification of molten chloride fast reactors (MCFRs) since the reaction is believed to be a significant reactor poison. However, recently published measurements are inconsistent with each other and with evaluation.
{"title":"Measurement of the energy-differential Cl35(n,p0)S35 cross section via the ratio with Li6(n,α)H3","authors":"T. S. Nagel, J. A. Brown, J. C. Batchelder, D. Bleuel, C. A. Brand, A. Georgiadou, B. L. Goldblum, M. Fratoni, J. M. Gordon, T. A. Laplace, L. A. Bernstein","doi":"10.1103/physrevc.110.034612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.110.034612","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Background:</b> Knowledge of the neutron-induced <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mi>Cl</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>35</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> cross sections is vital to the design and certification of molten chloride fast reactors (MCFRs) since the <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mi>Cl</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>35</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>p</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>)</mo><mmultiscripts><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>35</mn></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> reaction is believed to be a significant reactor poison. However, recently published measurements are inconsistent with each other and with evaluation.","PeriodicalId":20122,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review C","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.110.034611
B. Li (李博), D. Vretenar, T. Nikšić, D. D. Zhang (张丹丹), P. W. Zhao (赵鹏巍), J. Meng (孟杰)
Nuclear reactions present an interesting case for studies of the time evolution of entanglement between complex quantum systems. In this work, the time-dependent nuclear density-functional theory is employed to explore entanglement in multinucleon transfer reactions. As an illustrative example, for the reaction at , in the interval of impact parameters , and the relativistic density-functional PC-PK1, we compute the von Neumann entropies, entanglement between fragments, nucleon-number fluctuations, and Shannon entropy for the nucleon-number observable. A simple linear correlation is established between the entanglement and nucleon-number fluctuation of the final fragments. The entanglement between the fragments can be related to the corresponding excitation energies and angular momenta. The relationship between the von Neumann entropy and the Shannon entropy for the nucleon-number observable is analyzed, as well as the time evolution of the entanglement (nucleon-number fluctuation). The entanglement is also calculated for a range of incident energies and it is shown how, depending on the impact parameter, the entanglement increases with the collision energy.
{"title":"Entanglement in multinucleon transfer reactions","authors":"B. Li (李博), D. Vretenar, T. Nikšić, D. D. Zhang (张丹丹), P. W. Zhao (赵鹏巍), J. Meng (孟杰)","doi":"10.1103/physrevc.110.034611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.110.034611","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear reactions present an interesting case for studies of the time evolution of entanglement between complex quantum systems. In this work, the time-dependent nuclear density-functional theory is employed to explore entanglement in multinucleon transfer reactions. As an illustrative example, for the reaction <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mi>Ca</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>40</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>+</mo><mmultiscripts><mi>Pb</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>208</mn></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> at <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><msub><mi>E</mi><mi>lab</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>249</mn><mspace width=\"4pt\"></mspace><mi>MeV</mi></mrow></math>, in the interval of impact parameters <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mn>4.65</mn><mo>–</mo><mn>7.40</mn><mspace width=\"4pt\"></mspace><mi>fm</mi></mrow></math>, and the relativistic density-functional PC-PK1, we compute the von Neumann entropies, entanglement between fragments, nucleon-number fluctuations, and Shannon entropy for the nucleon-number observable. A simple linear correlation is established between the entanglement and nucleon-number fluctuation of the final fragments. The entanglement between the fragments can be related to the corresponding excitation energies and angular momenta. The relationship between the von Neumann entropy and the Shannon entropy for the nucleon-number observable is analyzed, as well as the time evolution of the entanglement (nucleon-number fluctuation). The entanglement is also calculated for a range of incident energies and it is shown how, depending on the impact parameter, the entanglement increases with the collision energy.","PeriodicalId":20122,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review C","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.110.l031302
N. Dronchi, R. J. Charity, L. G. Sobotka, B. A. Brown, D. Weisshaar, A. Gade, K. W. Brown, W. Reviol, D. Bazin, P. J. Farris, A. M. Hill, J. Li, B. Longfellow, D. Rhodes, S. N. Paneru, S. A. Gillespie, A. K. Anthony, E. Rubino, S. Biswas
A fast secondary beam of impinged on a target resulting in a set of reactions populating proton-rich nuclei including and the first observations of and . Invariant-mass spectroscopy, used to reconstruct proton decays for these nuclei, yielded three new ground-state masses and information on their low-lying structures. The newly measured mass excesses are: , and . These nuclei straddle the well-known shell closure as well as the subshell closure. Trends in separation energies help elucidate how nuclear structure evolves showing a fading of the shell gap for and indications of a subshell gap.
{"title":"Evolution of shell gaps in the neutron-poor calcium region from invariant-mass spectroscopy of Sc37,38, Ca35, and K34","authors":"N. Dronchi, R. J. Charity, L. G. Sobotka, B. A. Brown, D. Weisshaar, A. Gade, K. W. Brown, W. Reviol, D. Bazin, P. J. Farris, A. M. Hill, J. Li, B. Longfellow, D. Rhodes, S. N. Paneru, S. A. Gillespie, A. K. Anthony, E. Rubino, S. Biswas","doi":"10.1103/physrevc.110.l031302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.110.l031302","url":null,"abstract":"A fast secondary beam of <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mmultiscripts><mi>Ca</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>37</mn></mmultiscripts></math> impinged on a <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mmultiscripts><mi>Be</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>9</mn></mmultiscripts></math> target resulting in a set of reactions populating proton-rich nuclei including <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mmultiscripts><mi>Ca</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>35</mn></mmultiscripts></math> and the first observations of <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mmultiscripts><mi>Sc</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>37</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>38</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></math> and <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mmultiscripts><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">K</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>34</mn></mmultiscripts></math>. Invariant-mass spectroscopy, used to reconstruct proton decays for these nuclei, yielded three new ground-state masses and information on their low-lying structures. The newly measured mass excesses are: <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Δ</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">M</mi><mo>(</mo><mmultiscripts><mi>Sc</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>37</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>3500</mn><mo>(</mo><mn>410</mn><mo>)</mo><mspace width=\"0.16em\"></mspace><mi>keV</mi></mrow><mo>,</mo><mo> </mo><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Δ</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">M</mi><mo>(</mo><mmultiscripts><mi>Sc</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>38</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>4656</mn><mo>(</mo><mn>14</mn><mo>)</mo><mspace width=\"0.16em\"></mspace><mi>keV</mi></mrow></math>, and <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Δ</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">M</mi><mo>(</mo><mmultiscripts><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">K</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>34</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1487</mn><mo>(</mo><mn>17</mn><mo>)</mo><mspace width=\"0.16em\"></mspace><mi>keV</mi></mrow></math>. These nuclei straddle the well-known <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>20</mn></mrow></math> shell closure as well as the <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>16</mn></mrow></math> subshell closure. Trends in separation energies help elucidate how nuclear structure evolves showing a fading of the <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>20</mn></mrow></math> shell gap for <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>18</mn></mrow></math> and indications of a <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>16</mn></mrow></math> subshell gap.","PeriodicalId":20122,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review C","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.110.034309
Dimitrios K. Papoulias, Matti Hellgren, Jouni Suhonen
Nuclear-structure calculations for the description of low-energy neutral-current neutrino scattering off the stable isotopes are performed in the context of the nuclear shell model using the model space jj56pn. Cross-section and event-rate calculations focusing on inelastic solar-neutrino scattering off are performed. The individual contributions of the various nuclear responses are presented and discussed, and the results are also illustrated in terms of the nuclear recoil energy. Analytical expressions entering the cross sections are given in order to achieve a direct connection with experimental observables.
{"title":"Incoherent solar-neutrino scattering off the stable Tl isotopes","authors":"Dimitrios K. Papoulias, Matti Hellgren, Jouni Suhonen","doi":"10.1103/physrevc.110.034309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.110.034309","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear-structure calculations for the description of low-energy neutral-current neutrino scattering off the stable <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mmultiscripts><mi>Tl</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>203</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>205</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></math> isotopes are performed in the context of the nuclear shell model using the model space jj56pn. Cross-section and event-rate calculations focusing on inelastic solar-neutrino scattering off <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mmultiscripts><mi>Tl</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>203</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>205</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></math> are performed. The individual contributions of the various nuclear responses are presented and discussed, and the results are also illustrated in terms of the nuclear recoil energy. Analytical expressions entering the cross sections are given in order to achieve a direct connection with experimental observables.","PeriodicalId":20122,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review C","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.110.034609
G. Gkatis, E. Pirovano, M. Diakaki, G. Noguere, M. Nyman, A. Oprea, C. Paradela, A. J. M. Plompen
The angular distributions of neutron elastic scattering on natural carbon were studied in the fast neutron energy region between 1 and 8 MeV. The experiments were carried out at the white neutron source of the Geel Electron Linear Accelerator (GELINA) facility by using thin and thick natural carbon samples. This work demonstrates the need for using thin samples to avoid strong multiple scattering effects. Neutrons and rays from scattering were detected using the ELastic and Inelastic Scattering Array (ELISA), a setup consisting of 32 liquid organic scintillators. The separation was achieved via pulse-shape analysis. For each sample a different approach in methodology is studied, one based on a global response function model and another one based on a per-detector model. The detectors are placed at eight different detection angles between and with respect to the neutron beam direction, allowing the simultaneous calculation of both the differential and the integral cross section by implementing the Gauss-Legendre quadrature rule. The neutron flux was measured with a ionization chamber. The angular distributions were extracted relative to the cross section. The results are compared with other experimental data available in the EXFOR library, along with the most recent nuclear data evaluations. The angle-integrated cross sections are in excellent agreement with the nuclear data evaluations and for the angular distributions, ENDF/B-VIII.0 is better reproducing the experimental data in all eight detection angles.
{"title":"Angular distribution measurements of neutron elastic scattering on natural carbon","authors":"G. Gkatis, E. Pirovano, M. Diakaki, G. Noguere, M. Nyman, A. Oprea, C. Paradela, A. J. M. Plompen","doi":"10.1103/physrevc.110.034609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.110.034609","url":null,"abstract":"The angular distributions of neutron elastic scattering on natural carbon were studied in the fast neutron energy region between 1 and 8 MeV. The experiments were carried out at the white neutron source of the Geel Electron Linear Accelerator (GELINA) facility by using thin and thick natural carbon samples. This work demonstrates the need for using thin samples to avoid strong multiple scattering effects. Neutrons and <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>γ</mi></math> rays from scattering were detected using the ELastic and Inelastic Scattering Array (ELISA), a setup consisting of 32 liquid organic scintillators. The <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mi>n</mi><mtext>−</mtext><mi>γ</mi></mrow></math> separation was achieved via pulse-shape analysis. For each sample a different approach in methodology is studied, one based on a global response function model and another one based on a per-detector model. The detectors are placed at eight different detection angles between <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msup><mn>16</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup></math> and <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msup><mn>164</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup></math> with respect to the neutron beam direction, allowing the simultaneous calculation of both the differential and the integral cross section by implementing the Gauss-Legendre quadrature rule. The neutron flux was measured with a <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mmultiscripts><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">U</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>235</mn></mmultiscripts></math> ionization chamber. The angular distributions were extracted relative to the <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">U</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>235</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>f</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> cross section. The results are compared with other experimental data available in the EXFOR library, along with the most recent nuclear data evaluations. The angle-integrated cross sections are in excellent agreement with the nuclear data evaluations and for the angular distributions, ENDF/B-VIII.0 is better reproducing the experimental data in all eight detection angles.","PeriodicalId":20122,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review C","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.110.034608
Jiaxing Li, Hongfei Zhang
The synthesis of superheavy elements represents the forefront of exploring the properties of unknown nuclear matter. Theoretically, significant uncertainties in predicting the fission barriers of superheavy nuclei make accurate calculations of the survival probabilities of compound nuclei extremely challenging. This study utilizes a machine learning methodology to predict the fission barriers of nuclides with and . We have estimated the fission barriers for a total of 660 nuclides, and leveraged these fission barriers to calculate the crucial survival probabilities in the synthesis of superheavy elements. Based on this, we calculated the reaction cross sections for the reaction within the framework of the dinuclear system model, and compared the results with experimental data measured using the new gas-filled separator DGFRS-2. The calculations successfully reproduced the experimental data within an acceptable range of error. Additionally, we explored the optimal synthesis conditions for synthesizing the new elements and , including projectile-target combinations, incident energies, and maximum reaction cross sections.
{"title":"Machine learning study of fission barriers in superheavy nuclei","authors":"Jiaxing Li, Hongfei Zhang","doi":"10.1103/physrevc.110.034608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.110.034608","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of superheavy elements represents the forefront of exploring the properties of unknown nuclear matter. Theoretically, significant uncertainties in predicting the fission barriers of superheavy nuclei make accurate calculations of the survival probabilities of compound nuclei extremely challenging. This study utilizes a machine learning methodology to predict the fission barriers of nuclides with <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mn>93</mn><mo><</mo><mi>Z</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>120</mn></mrow></math> and <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mn>135</mn><mo><</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>184</mn></mrow></math>. We have estimated the fission barriers for a total of 660 nuclides, and leveraged these fission barriers to calculate the crucial survival probabilities in the synthesis of superheavy elements. Based on this, we calculated the reaction cross sections for the <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mi>Ca</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>48</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>+</mo><mmultiscripts><mi>Am</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>243</mn></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> reaction within the framework of the dinuclear system model, and compared the results with experimental data measured using the new gas-filled separator DGFRS-2. The calculations successfully reproduced the experimental data within an acceptable range of error. Additionally, we explored the optimal synthesis conditions for synthesizing the new elements <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>119</mn></mrow></math> and <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>120</mn></mrow></math>, including projectile-target combinations, incident energies, and maximum reaction cross sections.","PeriodicalId":20122,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review C","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.110.034310
Denis Lacroix
Binary tree states (BTSs) are states whose decomposition on a quantum register basis formed by a set of qubits can be made sequentially. Such states sometimes appear naturally in many-body systems treated in Fock space when a global symmetry is imposed, such as the total spin or particle number symmetries. Examples are the Dicke states, the eigenstates of the total spin for a set of particles having individual spin , or states obtained by projecting a BCS states onto particle number, also called projected BCS in small superfluid systems. Starting from a BTS described on the set of qubits or orbitals, the entanglement entropy of any subset of qubits is analyzed. Specifically, a practical method is developed to access the -qubit or -particle von Neumann entanglement entropy of the subsystem of interest. Properties of these entropies are discussed, including scaling properties, upper bounds, or how these entropies correlate with fluctuations. Illustrations are given for the Dicke state and the projected BCS states.
二叉树态（BTS）是指在一组量子比特构成的量子寄存器基础上可以依次分解的态。当全局对称性（如总自旋对称性或粒子数对称性）被强加时，这种状态有时会自然出现在用福克空间处理的多体系统中。例如迪克态，即具有单个自旋1/2的一组粒子的总自旋特征态，或者通过将BCS态投影到粒子数而得到的态，在小型超流体系统中也称为投影BCS态。从描述 n 个量子比特或轨道集的 BTS 开始，分析 k 个量子比特的任何子集的纠缠熵。具体地说，我们开发了一种实用方法来获取相关子系统的 k 量子位或 k 粒子冯-诺依曼纠缠熵。讨论了这些熵的特性，包括缩放特性、上限或这些熵如何与波动相关。文中给出了迪克态和投影 BCS 态的示例。
{"title":"Entanglement in selected binary tree states: Dicke or total spin states or particle-number-projected BCS states","authors":"Denis Lacroix","doi":"10.1103/physrevc.110.034310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.110.034310","url":null,"abstract":"Binary tree states (BTSs) are states whose decomposition on a quantum register basis formed by a set of qubits can be made sequentially. Such states sometimes appear naturally in many-body systems treated in Fock space when a global symmetry is imposed, such as the total spin or particle number symmetries. Examples are the Dicke states, the eigenstates of the total spin for a set of particles having individual spin <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math>, or states obtained by projecting a BCS states onto particle number, also called projected BCS in small superfluid systems. Starting from a BTS described on the set of <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>n</mi></math> qubits or orbitals, the entanglement entropy of any subset of <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>k</mi></math> qubits is analyzed. Specifically, a practical method is developed to access the <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>k</mi></math>-qubit or <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>k</mi></math>-particle von Neumann entanglement entropy of the subsystem of interest. Properties of these entropies are discussed, including scaling properties, upper bounds, or how these entropies correlate with fluctuations. Illustrations are given for the Dicke state and the projected BCS states.","PeriodicalId":20122,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review C","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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