Planta medica最新文献

Two new phenylspirodrimane derivatives, designated as stachybotrins G and H (1: and 2: ), which feature an N-isobutyl side chain, along with four known analogues (3: -6: ), were isolated from the fungus Stachybotrys chartarum. All the structures were determined through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, primarily based on HRESIMS and NMR data. The antibacterial activity of all isolated compounds was evaluated. Compound 5: demonstrated antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 6.25 µg/mL.

Diabetes is a major global health concern, and achieving optimal glycemic control remains a challenge for many patients. Despite the availability of current antidiabetic medications, about two-thirds of patients worldwide fail to achieve adequate glycemic control, underscoring the need for novel treatments. Herbal medicine has significantly contributed to drug discovery, and Sophora, a genus in the Fabaceae family, has long been used in traditional medicine. Preclinical studies suggest that various chemical constituents of Sophora exhibit antidiabetic properties. This review summarizes in vitro and in vivo evidence on the antidiabetic effects of Sophora, highlighting its active ingredients and mechanisms of action. A literature search was conducted using Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar with the keywords 'Sophora', 'diabetes', and 'herbal medicine'. Studies indicate that Sophora reduces fasting glucose in type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T2D) by approximately 33% and 37%, respectively. Additionally, it decreases body weight, improves glucose tolerance, reduces insulin resistance, and enhances lipid profiles in T2D. The antidiabetic mechanisms of Sophora involve the activation of phospholipase C-protein kinase C (PLC-PKC), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt (PI3K-Akt), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways, leading to enhanced glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle. Furthermore, Sophora activates the PI3K-Akt pathway and inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB), thereby reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis and inflammation. Among its active constituents, flavonoids exhibit the most significant antidiabetic activity. While Sophora holds promise for antidiabetic drug development, further preclinical studies assessing sex differences and long-term safety are required before progressing to human clinical trials.

A neutral glucan, GJ0D, was obtained from dried ginger (Zingiberis rhizoma) by enzymatic extraction and purification with column chromatography. The fine structure of GJ0D was assessed through monosaccharide composition analysis, methylation, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. GJ0D has a relative molecular weight of 4.0 KDa and possesses a backbone consisting of 1,4-linked α-Glcp with substitution at C-6 of Glcp by T-Glcp. Immunoactivity assessment showed that GJ0D significantly upregulates the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was also increased in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the expression of several proteins associated with immune activation signaling pathways including TLR4, the phosphorylation of IKKβ, and NF-κB (p100 and p52) were significantly upregulated by GJ0D. These results suggest that GJ0D could promote inflammation through the TLR4/IKKβ/P100 signaling pathway, suggesting a potential application as an immunomodulating agent.

The "Shang Han Lun" indicates that honey-processed licorice protects the heart better than raw licorice. Ten major constituents in honey-processed licorice samples were quantified. Protective effects of honey-processed licorices against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity were assessed in zebrafish larvae. Network pharmacology analysis based on the ten target constituents was conducted. Results showed glabridin was lowest in honey-processed Gg, while total content of six components (such as liquiritin) was highest in honey-processed Gu, followed by honey-processed Gi, and lowest in honey-processed Gg. Pharmacological results indicated that honey-processed Gu and Gi significantly improved doxorubicin-induced abnormal pericardial edema and increased venous sinus-arterial bulb distance in larvae. The pericardial area was reduced by 23% and 20%, respectively compared to the model group, and the distances reduced to 81% and 83.3% of the model group, respectively. Although improvements in pericardial edema were rare in the honey-processed Gg group, it reversed venous sinus-arterial bulb distance increase. These results indicate that honey-processed Gu and honey-processed Gi can significantly protect zebrafish embryos against the effects of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, namely, abnormal heart rate, pericardial edema, and elongation of the venous sinus-arterial bulb distance, whereas honey-processed Gg can only significantly reverse the doxorubicin-induced increase in the venous sinus-arterial bulb distance. Network pharmacology analysis predicted that these constituents have potential for the treatment of metabolic abnormalities and cellular senescence related diseases caused by reactive oxygen species induction, linking to Rap1 pathways. Honey-processed Gu and honey-processed Gi had stronger cardioprotective effects on zebrafish embryos than honey-processed Gg possibly because of differences in composition.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health concern characterized by insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism. Growing interest in natural therapies has led to the exploration of propolis, a resinous bee product, for its potential anti-diabetic effects. This review examines the mechanisms by which propolis may aid in T2DM management. A literature search was conducted in SCOPUS and PubMed using the terms (Propolis) AND (diabetes OR "insulin resistance" OR hyperglycemia), focusing on studies published from 2014 onwards. The search yielded 384 and 207 records in SCOPUS and PubMed, respectively. After screening and full-text review, 42 studies met the inclusion criteria. Key variables analyzed included the type and source of propolis, experimental models, dosage, treatment duration, and primary and secondary outcomes. Findings highlight multiple mechanisms through which propolis may benefit T2DM, including enhancing pancreatic β-cell function, improving insulin sensitivity, regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, modulating gut microbiota, and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Some studies also reported protective effects on renal and hepatic function. Overall, propolis exhibits promising potential as a complementary therapy for T2DM. However, further well-designed clinical trials are necessary to confirm its efficacy, determine optimal dosing, and identify key bioactive compounds responsible for its therapeutic effects. Future research should focus on optimizing its clinical application for diabetes management.

Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid with therapeutic potential, is increasingly used in combination with other drugs, raising concerns about potential interactions and their impact on safety and efficacy. This scoping review aimed to map the current evidence on CBD interactions across different drug classes and assess their clinical significance. The study followed the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, utilizing a structured protocol based on the population, concept, and context (PCC) framework. Five databases were searched, and preclinical and clinical studies on CBD pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions were included, with publications in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. Out of 136 studies analyzed, 91.91% were published after 2011, reflecting a sharp rise in interest in this area. A total of 271 interactions were identified, with 203 related to pharmacokinetics, primarily involving metabolism mediated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, and 68 linked to pharmacodynamics, including additive effects such as sedation. Among the most relevant findings, CBD was shown to inhibit CYP enzymes like CYP3A4 and CYP2C19, potentially increasing plasma levels of co-administered drugs. However, only 5.15% of studies evaluated the clinical relevance of these interactions, indicating a substantial gap in knowledge regarding their safety implications. This review highlights the urgent need for rigorous clinical research to determine the clinical significance of CBD-drug interactions, particularly in patients undergoing polypharmacy. Understanding these interactions is crucial for optimizing therapeutic outcomes, minimizing adverse effects, and enabling safer clinical use of CBD in diverse treatment regimens.

This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the hepatoprotective effects of naringin based on the pre-clinical evidence.A detailed literature search was performed using online databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE. Based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 studies were considered for meta-analysis.The outcomes of the meta-analysis revealed that naringin improved liver function by reducing the elevated levels of ALT, AST, GGT, LDH, ALP, and bilirubin. It improved the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as SOD, catalase, GSH, GST, GR, and GPx (p < 0.05 for all the parameters), while reducing the LPO/MDA levels (p < 0.05). NAR treatment also alleviated the levels of inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, p < 0.001 for all the parameters; NF-κB, p = 0.29) in various animal models of liver injury. In addition, NAR significantly reduced the caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Furthermore, naringin treatment has normalised the liver and body weights compared to the disease control group.This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that naringin significantly improved the liver function in various animal models of liver injury, via potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

The above-ground plant material from Passiflora incarnata is used for relief of symptoms of mental stress and to aid sleep. In Europe, passionflower products are marketed either as registered herbal medicinal products or as food supplements. Passionflower products for sleep disorders are increasingly recommended to patients by physicians or by social advertisement, but the potential consumers are in most cases not able to differentiate between food supplements or licensed herbal medicinal products. Analytical investigations by validated protocols on passionflower food supplements and registered medicinal products from different sources were performed to obtain an insight into the actual quality situation. TLC fingerprinting revealed the non-identity of five food supplements, while six products met the specification (five registered herbal medicinal products and one food supplement). A validated UHPLC method confirmed this result. LC-MS identified one food supplement containing only hyperoside and lacking other passionflower-related compounds. Quantitative determination of flavones by photometric protocol, as well as by a calibrated UHPLC, indicated that five out of six food supplements did not meet the specified content and identity, suggesting instances of food fraud. All registered herbal medicinal products conformed to the specification. As this analytical investigation is in line with other reports on the low quality of food supplements, transparent and intensified quality control is recommended. In addition, routine analyses of every batch using validated procedures by manufacturers on a batch-by-batch basis should provide a secure basis for improved product quality and for the safety of the consumer.

The chemical structure and immunomodulatory activity of a new homogeneous polysaccharide, SP4002501, isolated from Saposhnikoviae Radix (SR), were investigated. Purification of SP4002501 was performed by DEAE-Cellulose and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. The monosaccharidic constituents were identified as rhamnose (Rha), galacturonic acid (GalA), galactose (Gal), and arabinose (Ara) with a molar ratio of 3.7: 86.6: 2.7: 7.1. According to the methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, FT-IR, and NMR analysis, SP4002501 had a backbone of polygalacturonic acid units with a small amount of galactose (Gal). Side chains are connected to C-3 of galactose (Gal) and consist of rhamnose (Rha), galacturonic acid (GalA), galactose (Gal), and arabinose (Ara), with arabinose (Ara) as terminal sugar. Biological activity assessment suggests that SP4002501 exhibits immunomodulatory activity through promoting macrophage proliferation and phagocytosis.