Experiments show the effects on combustion of adding hydrogen to natural gas—a fuel mixture that
实验表明，在天然气中加入氢气会对燃烧产生影响。
{"title":"Avoiding Instabilities in Hydrogen-Spiked Flames","authors":"Michael Schirber","doi":"10.1103/physics.17.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physics.17.79","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments show the effects on combustion of adding hydrogen to natural gas—a fuel mixture that","PeriodicalId":20136,"journal":{"name":"Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140991332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The bounded confidence model assumes simple continuous opinion dynamics in which agents ignore opinions which are too far from their own. The two initial variants—Hegselmann–Krause (HK) and Deffuant–Weisbuch (DW)—of the model have attracted significant attention since the early 2000s. This paper revisits the version of the HK model applied to a probability distribution, earlier studied by Jan Lorenz. It shows that the bifurcation diagram depends on the parity of the size of the discretisation and that adding a small noise to the initial conditions leads to complex transitions involving several phases.
有界信心模型假定了简单连续的意见动态，在这种动态中，代理人会忽略与自己意见相差太远的意见。自 2000 年代初以来，该模型的两个初始变体--Hegselmann-Krause（HK）和 Deffuant-Weisbuch（DW）--引起了广泛关注。本文重温了扬-洛伦兹（Jan Lorenz）早先研究的应用于概率分布的 HK 模型版本。结果表明，分岔图取决于离散化大小的奇偶性，在初始条件中加入少量噪声会导致涉及多个阶段的复杂转换。
{"title":"Complex Transitions of the Bounded Confidence Model from an Odd Number of Clusters to the Next","authors":"Guillaume Deffuant","doi":"10.3390/physics6020046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/physics6020046","url":null,"abstract":"The bounded confidence model assumes simple continuous opinion dynamics in which agents ignore opinions which are too far from their own. The two initial variants—Hegselmann–Krause (HK) and Deffuant–Weisbuch (DW)—of the model have attracted significant attention since the early 2000s. This paper revisits the version of the HK model applied to a probability distribution, earlier studied by Jan Lorenz. It shows that the bifurcation diagram depends on the parity of the size of the discretisation and that adding a small noise to the initial conditions leads to complex transitions involving several phases.","PeriodicalId":20136,"journal":{"name":"Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141000766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alleviating the Stress of Finding a PhD Advisor","authors":"Katherine Wright","doi":"10.1103/physics.17.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physics.17.76","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20136,"journal":{"name":"Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141004821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The anisotropic flow of photons produced in relativistic nuclear collisions is known as a promising observable for studying the initial state and the subsequent evolution of the hot and dense medium formed in such collisions. The investigation of photon anisotropic flow coefficients, vn, has attracted high interest over the last decade, involving both theory and experiment. The thermal emission of photons and their anisotropic flow are found to be highly sensitive to the initial state of the fireball, where even slight modifications can lead to significant variations in the final state results. In contrast, the ratio of photon anisotropic flow stands out as a robust observable, exhibiting minimal sensitivity to the initial conditions. Here, we briefly review the studies of the individual elliptic and triangular flow parameters of photons as well as their ratios and how these parameters serve as valuable probes for investigating the intricacies of the initial state and addressing the challenges posed by the direct photon puzzle.
{"title":"Probing Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions via Photon Anisotropic Flow Ratios. A Brief Review","authors":"R. Chatterjee, Pingal Dasgupta","doi":"10.3390/physics6020044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/physics6020044","url":null,"abstract":"The anisotropic flow of photons produced in relativistic nuclear collisions is known as a promising observable for studying the initial state and the subsequent evolution of the hot and dense medium formed in such collisions. The investigation of photon anisotropic flow coefficients, vn, has attracted high interest over the last decade, involving both theory and experiment. The thermal emission of photons and their anisotropic flow are found to be highly sensitive to the initial state of the fireball, where even slight modifications can lead to significant variations in the final state results. In contrast, the ratio of photon anisotropic flow stands out as a robust observable, exhibiting minimal sensitivity to the initial conditions. Here, we briefly review the studies of the individual elliptic and triangular flow parameters of photons as well as their ratios and how these parameters serve as valuable probes for investigating the intricacies of the initial state and addressing the challenges posed by the direct photon puzzle.","PeriodicalId":20136,"journal":{"name":"Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spinning Up Rydberg Atoms Extends Their Life","authors":"Michael Schirber","doi":"10.1103/physics.17.s52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physics.17.s52","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20136,"journal":{"name":"Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two-Dimensional Simulation Captures the Ocean’s Energy Cycle","authors":"D. Ehrenstein","doi":"10.1103/physics.17.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physics.17.77","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20136,"journal":{"name":"Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141016347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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