Pub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555454
D. Salvoni, A. Sannino, L. Parlato, S. Amoruso, G. Pepe, A. Boselli, M. Ejrnaes, Xuan Wang, R. Cristiano, Chengjun Zhang, L. You
In this work the results of two Lidar measurements in the infrared range with a Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector (SNSPD) are presented. In the first measurement, performed at the wavelength of 1550 nm, we determined the distance of two hard targets. This result was used to calibrate the experimental setup and to test the readout electronics. Then, we combined the SNSPD with the Lidar setup MALIA (Multiwavelength Lidar Apparatus) to measure the atmospheric aerosol profile at 1064 nm during a cloudy day. For the last measurement the backscattering coefficient was also calculated.
{"title":"Lidar measurement of clouds profile with a Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector","authors":"D. Salvoni, A. Sannino, L. Parlato, S. Amoruso, G. Pepe, A. Boselli, M. Ejrnaes, Xuan Wang, R. Cristiano, Chengjun Zhang, L. You","doi":"10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555454","url":null,"abstract":"In this work the results of two Lidar measurements in the infrared range with a Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector (SNSPD) are presented. In the first measurement, performed at the wavelength of 1550 nm, we determined the distance of two hard targets. This result was used to calibrate the experimental setup and to test the readout electronics. Then, we combined the SNSPD with the Lidar setup MALIA (Multiwavelength Lidar Apparatus) to measure the atmospheric aerosol profile at 1064 nm during a cloudy day. For the last measurement the backscattering coefficient was also calculated.","PeriodicalId":201501,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 14th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE)","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116176125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555440
N. Goona, Saidi Reddy Parne, Sashidhar Sampathirao
Switching of superconducting Meissner state using temperature and current density for motoring applications has been explored in Meissner Motor and Superconductor Actuator respectively. In this paper, a Switched Magnetization Superconductor Motor (SMSM) using magnetic field is proposed. The rotor comprises of permanent magnets and the stator comprises of permanent magnet and superconductor bulk pairs. Static field profiles of the stator and quasi-static force on rotor with Meissner and mixed states are calculated numerically without switching the states. Experimental measurements of mixed state are taken without switching the states. While net area under Force vs Distance curve is 0, a minimum of 5% difference in absolute area has been observed. From numerical and experimental results, it is proposed that switching of superconductor states using magnetic field would result in net positive area under Force vs Distance curve in one cycle. The process of switching and thermodynamic cycle of superconductor are discussed.
{"title":"A proposal for Switched Magnetization Superconductor Motor","authors":"N. Goona, Saidi Reddy Parne, Sashidhar Sampathirao","doi":"10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555440","url":null,"abstract":"Switching of superconducting Meissner state using temperature and current density for motoring applications has been explored in Meissner Motor and Superconductor Actuator respectively. In this paper, a Switched Magnetization Superconductor Motor (SMSM) using magnetic field is proposed. The rotor comprises of permanent magnets and the stator comprises of permanent magnet and superconductor bulk pairs. Static field profiles of the stator and quasi-static force on rotor with Meissner and mixed states are calculated numerically without switching the states. Experimental measurements of mixed state are taken without switching the states. While net area under Force vs Distance curve is 0, a minimum of 5% difference in absolute area has been observed. From numerical and experimental results, it is proposed that switching of superconductor states using magnetic field would result in net positive area under Force vs Distance curve in one cycle. The process of switching and thermodynamic cycle of superconductor are discussed.","PeriodicalId":201501,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 14th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121941816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555443
N. Kolotinskiy, D. Bazulin, V. Kornev
Design aspects of the active electrically small antennas based on superconducting quantum arrays with reference to niobium backbone fabrication technique with the only two-layer wiring are analyzed. Based on the optimal parameter domains obtained earlier for the basic cells of the arrays, we consider design issues of the possible control lines for the arrays. Examples of the cell and control line layout designs are presented and discussed.
{"title":"Control line design issues of Active Superconducting Electrically Small Antennas","authors":"N. Kolotinskiy, D. Bazulin, V. Kornev","doi":"10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555443","url":null,"abstract":"Design aspects of the active electrically small antennas based on superconducting quantum arrays with reference to niobium backbone fabrication technique with the only two-layer wiring are analyzed. Based on the optimal parameter domains obtained earlier for the basic cells of the arrays, we consider design issues of the possible control lines for the arrays. Examples of the cell and control line layout designs are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":201501,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 14th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116572933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555442
L. Santamaria, Mariano Barbieri, D. Pallotti, M. Siciliani de Cumis
By simulating the use of single photon detector for coherent laser detection we performed a feasibility study for earth-satellite Dual Comb Spectroscopy (DCS) through numerical simulation. We conceived a scheme to use a single optical frequency comb source to perform DCS experiments and then we extended this scheme for application of DCS on earth-satellite path using the Doppler induced frequency shift to simulate the second comb source. We simulated the acquisition using single photon detector and an event timer to assign the time of photon detection. Then we calculated the probability density function through time-interval between two successive photoelectrons to extract the DCS signal. Finally we tested the conceived scheme on real high repetition rate satellite laser ranging data obtaining promising results.
{"title":"Single photon detector for satellite Dual Comb Spectroscopy: a numerical study","authors":"L. Santamaria, Mariano Barbieri, D. Pallotti, M. Siciliani de Cumis","doi":"10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555442","url":null,"abstract":"By simulating the use of single photon detector for coherent laser detection we performed a feasibility study for earth-satellite Dual Comb Spectroscopy (DCS) through numerical simulation. We conceived a scheme to use a single optical frequency comb source to perform DCS experiments and then we extended this scheme for application of DCS on earth-satellite path using the Doppler induced frequency shift to simulate the second comb source. We simulated the acquisition using single photon detector and an event timer to assign the time of photon detection. Then we calculated the probability density function through time-interval between two successive photoelectrons to extract the DCS signal. Finally we tested the conceived scheme on real high repetition rate satellite laser ranging data obtaining promising results.","PeriodicalId":201501,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 14th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE)","volume":"37 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114042992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555447
A. Piedjou Komnang, C. Guarcello, C. Barone, S. Pagano, G. Filatrella
This work deals with the numerical analysis of the zero-voltage state lifetimes distribution of an underdamped Josephson junction used for the detection of single microwave photons in the presence of thermal noise. The analysis considers the switching probabilities of a JJ subjected to a train of current pulses, which simulates a weak photon field. To characterize the detection, we take advantage of a statistic tool, the Kumar-Carroll (KC) index, which is a good proxy of the signal-to-noise-ratio. It can be, therefore, exploited to identify the proper device fabrication parameters and the optimal operation point of the junction.
{"title":"Analysis of Josephson Junction Lifetimes for the Detection of Single Photons in a Thermal Noise Background","authors":"A. Piedjou Komnang, C. Guarcello, C. Barone, S. Pagano, G. Filatrella","doi":"10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555447","url":null,"abstract":"This work deals with the numerical analysis of the zero-voltage state lifetimes distribution of an underdamped Josephson junction used for the detection of single microwave photons in the presence of thermal noise. The analysis considers the switching probabilities of a JJ subjected to a train of current pulses, which simulates a weak photon field. To characterize the detection, we take advantage of a statistic tool, the Kumar-Carroll (KC) index, which is a good proxy of the signal-to-noise-ratio. It can be, therefore, exploited to identify the proper device fabrication parameters and the optimal operation point of the junction.","PeriodicalId":201501,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 14th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115271037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555441
R. Satariano, L. Parlato, R. Caruso, H. G. Ahmad, A. Miano, L. Di Palma, D. Salvoni, D. Montemurro, F. Tafuri, G. Pepe, D. Massarotti, G. Ausanio, A. Vettoliere, C. Granata, G. Lamura
In Magnetic Josephson Junctions (MJJs) based on Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor-Ferromagnet-Superconductor (SIS’FS), we provide evidence of an unconventional magnetic field behavior of the critical current characterized by an inverted magnetic hysteresis, i.e., an inverted shift of the whole magnetic field pattern when sweeping the external field. By thermoremanence measurements of S/F/S trilayers, we have ruled out that this uncommon behavior could be related to the F-stray fields. In principle, this finding could have a crucial role in the design and proper functioning of scalable cryogenic memories.
{"title":"Unconventional magnetic hysteresis of the Josephson supercurrent in magnetic Josephson Junctions","authors":"R. Satariano, L. Parlato, R. Caruso, H. G. Ahmad, A. Miano, L. Di Palma, D. Salvoni, D. Montemurro, F. Tafuri, G. Pepe, D. Massarotti, G. Ausanio, A. Vettoliere, C. Granata, G. Lamura","doi":"10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555441","url":null,"abstract":"In Magnetic Josephson Junctions (MJJs) based on Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor-Ferromagnet-Superconductor (SIS’FS), we provide evidence of an unconventional magnetic field behavior of the critical current characterized by an inverted magnetic hysteresis, i.e., an inverted shift of the whole magnetic field pattern when sweeping the external field. By thermoremanence measurements of S/F/S trilayers, we have ruled out that this uncommon behavior could be related to the F-stray fields. In principle, this finding could have a crucial role in the design and proper functioning of scalable cryogenic memories.","PeriodicalId":201501,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 14th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE)","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117211392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555436
C. Gatti
The axion, a pseudoscalar particle originally introduced by Peccei, Quinn, Weinberg, and Wilczek to solve the "strong CP problem", is a well motivated dark-matter candidate with a mass lying in a broad range from peV to few meV. The last decade witnessed an increasing interest in axions and axion-like particles with many theoretical works published and many new experimental proposals. A major challenge for cosmological-axion discovery is the detection of the faint signal expected in detectors with power as low as a fraction of yoctowatt corresponding to a single microwave photon per minute. Early experiments used GaAs field-effect-transistors as well as pioneering technology such as Rydberg-atom single-photon detection. In the attempt of reducing the noise temperature superconductive devices were soon introduced. Microstrip SQUID Amplifiers allowed SQUIDs to operate at frequencies of a few GHz with a noise temperature reaching the standard quantum limit. Josephson Parametric Amplifiers have been recently employed extending the search to higher frequency while boradband Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers are now under study. The ultimate sensitivity, beyond the quantum limit, is however expected from single microwave-photon detectors. Solutions for quantum sensing include quantum non-demolition measurements and switching detectors based on superconducting qubits and hot-electron detectors. A further improvement in signal sensitivity and noise reduction is expected exploiting arrays of superconducting qubits as proposed by the SUPERGALAX project.
{"title":"Boosting Axion Searches with Quantum Sensing","authors":"C. Gatti","doi":"10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555436","url":null,"abstract":"The axion, a pseudoscalar particle originally introduced by Peccei, Quinn, Weinberg, and Wilczek to solve the \"strong CP problem\", is a well motivated dark-matter candidate with a mass lying in a broad range from peV to few meV. The last decade witnessed an increasing interest in axions and axion-like particles with many theoretical works published and many new experimental proposals. A major challenge for cosmological-axion discovery is the detection of the faint signal expected in detectors with power as low as a fraction of yoctowatt corresponding to a single microwave photon per minute. Early experiments used GaAs field-effect-transistors as well as pioneering technology such as Rydberg-atom single-photon detection. In the attempt of reducing the noise temperature superconductive devices were soon introduced. Microstrip SQUID Amplifiers allowed SQUIDs to operate at frequencies of a few GHz with a noise temperature reaching the standard quantum limit. Josephson Parametric Amplifiers have been recently employed extending the search to higher frequency while boradband Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers are now under study. The ultimate sensitivity, beyond the quantum limit, is however expected from single microwave-photon detectors. Solutions for quantum sensing include quantum non-demolition measurements and switching detectors based on superconducting qubits and hot-electron detectors. A further improvement in signal sensitivity and noise reduction is expected exploiting arrays of superconducting qubits as proposed by the SUPERGALAX project.","PeriodicalId":201501,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 14th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE)","volume":"64 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132433893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555451
F. S. di Santa Maria, C. Theodorou, X. Mescot, F. Balestra, G. Ghibaudo, M. Cassé
In this paper we present an analytical experimental study regarding the extraction and analysis of 28 nm FD-SOI MOSFET parameters, from room temperature down to 25 K, and from micro- to nanometer gate lengths. It is shown that the FD-SOI device behavior with temperature can reliably be described by the already established theory of physics for deep cryogenic conditions: Boltzmann statistics and phonon scattering mechanisms are the two main factors that define the device electrical behavior. Moreover, we also demonstrate the advantage of the Y-function as a parameter extraction method, across different channel lengths, and a wide temperature range. We demonstrate the dependence of threshold voltage, sub-threshold swing, low-field mobility and source-drain series resistance on temperature, and how this may be affected by the gate length decrease.
{"title":"Low temperature behavior of FD-SOI MOSFETs from micro- to nano-meter channel lengths","authors":"F. S. di Santa Maria, C. Theodorou, X. Mescot, F. Balestra, G. Ghibaudo, M. Cassé","doi":"10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555451","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present an analytical experimental study regarding the extraction and analysis of 28 nm FD-SOI MOSFET parameters, from room temperature down to 25 K, and from micro- to nanometer gate lengths. It is shown that the FD-SOI device behavior with temperature can reliably be described by the already established theory of physics for deep cryogenic conditions: Boltzmann statistics and phonon scattering mechanisms are the two main factors that define the device electrical behavior. Moreover, we also demonstrate the advantage of the Y-function as a parameter extraction method, across different channel lengths, and a wide temperature range. We demonstrate the dependence of threshold voltage, sub-threshold swing, low-field mobility and source-drain series resistance on temperature, and how this may be affected by the gate length decrease.","PeriodicalId":201501,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 14th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114290471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555446
A. Rettaroli, D. Alesini, D. Babusci, B. Buonuomo, M. Beretta, D. Di Gioacchino, G. Felici, L. Foggetta, A. Gallo, C. Gatti, C. Ligi, G. Maccarrone, S. Tocci, C. Barone, S. Pagano, G. Castellano, F. Chiarello, F. Mattioli, G. Torrioli, G. Filatrella
This manuscript is on the design and development of a single microwave photon counter based on a current-biased Josephson junction aimed at the detection of light axion dark matter. Simulations and measurements of a Josephson junction are presented. We observe the junction in a quantum tunneling regime, with subsequent dissipation on an external RC circuit.
{"title":"Single microwave photon counter based on current-biased Josephson junction","authors":"A. Rettaroli, D. Alesini, D. Babusci, B. Buonuomo, M. Beretta, D. Di Gioacchino, G. Felici, L. Foggetta, A. Gallo, C. Gatti, C. Ligi, G. Maccarrone, S. Tocci, C. Barone, S. Pagano, G. Castellano, F. Chiarello, F. Mattioli, G. Torrioli, G. Filatrella","doi":"10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555446","url":null,"abstract":"This manuscript is on the design and development of a single microwave photon counter based on a current-biased Josephson junction aimed at the detection of light axion dark matter. Simulations and measurements of a Josephson junction are presented. We observe the junction in a quantum tunneling regime, with subsequent dissipation on an external RC circuit.","PeriodicalId":201501,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 14th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123647584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555438
P. Hart, J. van Staveren, F. Sebastiano, Jianjun Xu, D. Root, M. Babaie
Quantum-based systems, such as quantum computers and quantum sensors, typically require a cryogenic electrical interface, which can be conveniently implemented using CMOS integrated circuits operating at cryogenic temperatures (cryo-CMOS). Reliable simulation models are required to design complex circuits, but CMOS transistor electrical characteristics at cryogenic temperatures substantially deviate from the behavior at room temperature, and no standard physics-based model exists for cryo-CMOS devices. To circumvent those limitations, this paper proposes the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and an associated training (extraction) procedure that automatically generates cryo-CMOS device models directly from experimental data. A device model for the DC characteristics of 40-nm CMOS transistors over a wide range of bias conditions, device geometries and temperatures from 4 K to 300 K has been generated and used to simulate voltage-reference circuits over a wide temperature range (4 K – 300 K). The potential application to dynamic/high-frequency circuits is demonstrated by enhancing the basic model with ANN-based nonlinear multi-terminal capacitive elements to simulate a ring oscillator. Preliminary results showing a good match between simulations and experiments demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of the proposed approach.
基于量子的系统，如量子计算机和量子传感器，通常需要一个低温电接口，这可以使用在低温下工作的CMOS集成电路(cryo-CMOS)方便地实现。设计复杂的电路需要可靠的仿真模型，但CMOS晶体管在低温下的电特性与室温下的行为存在很大差异，并且没有标准的基于物理的crmo器件模型。为了规避这些限制，本文提出使用人工神经网络(ANN)和相关的训练(提取)程序，直接从实验数据自动生成冷冻cmos器件模型。建立了40纳米CMOS晶体管在宽偏置条件、器件几何形状和4 K至300 K温度范围内直流特性的器件模型，并用于模拟宽温度范围(4 K - 300 K)下的电压参考电路。通过使用基于人工神经网络的非线性多端电容元件来模拟环形振荡器，证明了该模型在动态/高频电路中的潜在应用。初步仿真结果与实验结果吻合良好，证明了该方法的可行性和实用性。
{"title":"Artificial Neural Network Modelling for Cryo-CMOS Devices","authors":"P. Hart, J. van Staveren, F. Sebastiano, Jianjun Xu, D. Root, M. Babaie","doi":"10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555438","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum-based systems, such as quantum computers and quantum sensors, typically require a cryogenic electrical interface, which can be conveniently implemented using CMOS integrated circuits operating at cryogenic temperatures (cryo-CMOS). Reliable simulation models are required to design complex circuits, but CMOS transistor electrical characteristics at cryogenic temperatures substantially deviate from the behavior at room temperature, and no standard physics-based model exists for cryo-CMOS devices. To circumvent those limitations, this paper proposes the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and an associated training (extraction) procedure that automatically generates cryo-CMOS device models directly from experimental data. A device model for the DC characteristics of 40-nm CMOS transistors over a wide range of bias conditions, device geometries and temperatures from 4 K to 300 K has been generated and used to simulate voltage-reference circuits over a wide temperature range (4 K – 300 K). The potential application to dynamic/high-frequency circuits is demonstrated by enhancing the basic model with ANN-based nonlinear multi-terminal capacitive elements to simulate a ring oscillator. Preliminary results showing a good match between simulations and experiments demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":201501,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 14th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132176265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：