845 EC patients as an alternative to the labor-intensive and expensive immunohistochemical procedures used to detect this chemokine receptor expression on cancer cells. Thus, the authors assumed a relationship between the degree of local CXCR2 expression on EC cells and its serum concentration. Indeed, they found significantly higher serum CXCR2 levels in EC patients than in healthy controls. However, their study failed to show any relationship between serum CXCR2 concentrations and the clinical and pathological EC characteristics, found in studies on the expression of CXCR2 on EC cells.7,8 The authors emphasized that they carried out the first study evaluating serum CXCR2 concentrations in EC patients. Therefore, they could not present any data on the relationship between serum CXCR2 and its expression on EC cells. There are also no such data for other cells expressing CXCR2. Soluble CXCR2 (sCXCR2), present and measurable in biological fluids (plasma, urine), is an acidic glycopeptide identified as the N-terminal fragment of the CXCR2 molecule. It is released after proteolytic cleavage of CXCR2 by cell-associated metalloproteinases as shown for neutrophils.9 Thus, the relationship between serum sCXCR2 and CXCR2 expression may be complex. The second aim of the study was to establish the diagnostic characteristics of CXCR2 levels in the diagnosis of EC and to assess the clinical usefulness of this test. The obtained results clearly demonstrated that significant differences in serum CXCR2 levels between EC patients and tumor-free controls do not justify the measurement of this receptor to diagnose EC. CXCR2 is expressed on numerous cells, namely, on neutrophils, lymphocytes, as well as epithelial and endothelial cells, and cannot be considered a tumor-specific marker. Therefore, its serum concentration distributions in EC patients and healthy controls may overlap. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) reflects the degree of overlapping of distributions. AUC for serum CXCR2 levels amounting to 0.681 found in the study indicates significant overlapping of distributions and poor overall diagnostic A tumor marker is a substance produced by or associated with a tumor, found in blood in concentrations higher than in malignancy-free subjects.1 The long history of tumor markers is a little disappointing. They were introduced on a larger scale in the years 1960–1970 with the hope that they would enable the diagnosis of malignancies at an early stage and serve as screening tests. In fact tumor markers are mainly used to monitor the course of the cancer disease after radical treatment. Rising concentrations of a tumor marker is an earlier indicator of cancer recurrence or distant metastases than clinical presentation and results of imaging studies are. Only a few tumor markers are used for screening (eg, alpha-fetoprotein in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma or prostate-specific antigen together with other diagnostic too
作为一种替代劳动密集型和昂贵的免疫组织化学方法来检测这种趋化因子受体在癌细胞上的表达。因此，作者假设EC细胞局部CXCR2表达程度与其血清浓度之间存在关系。事实上，他们发现EC患者的血清CXCR2水平明显高于健康对照组。然而，他们的研究未能显示CXCR2在EC细胞上表达的研究中发现的血清CXCR2浓度与EC临床和病理特征之间的任何关系。7,8作者强调，他们开展了首个评估EC患者血清CXCR2浓度的研究。因此，他们无法提供任何关于血清CXCR2与其在EC细胞上表达之间关系的数据。其他表达CXCR2的细胞也没有这样的数据。可溶性CXCR2 (sCXCR2)存在于生物体液(血浆、尿液)中并可测量，是一种酸性糖肽，被鉴定为CXCR2分子的n端片段。在细胞相关金属蛋白酶裂解CXCR2蛋白后释放，如中性粒细胞所示因此，血清sCXCR2和CXCR2表达之间的关系可能是复杂的。本研究的第二个目的是建立CXCR2水平在诊断EC中的诊断特征，并评估该测试的临床实用性。所获得的结果清楚地表明，EC患者和无肿瘤对照组血清CXCR2水平的显著差异并不能证明测量该受体来诊断EC是合理的。CXCR2在许多细胞上表达，即在中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞以及上皮细胞和内皮细胞上表达，不能被认为是肿瘤特异性标志物。因此，其在EC患者和健康对照中的血清浓度分布可能重叠。接收器工作特征曲线下的面积反映了分布的重叠程度。本研究发现血清CXCR2水平的AUC为0.681，表明存在明显的分布重叠和较差的总体诊断。肿瘤标志物是由肿瘤产生或与肿瘤相关的物质，其在血液中的浓度高于无恶性肿瘤受试者肿瘤标志物的悠久历史有点令人失望。它们在1960-1970年间被大规模采用，希望它们能够在早期阶段诊断恶性肿瘤并作为筛查试验。事实上，肿瘤标志物主要用于监测癌症根治后的病程。与临床表现和影像学研究结果相比，肿瘤标志物浓度升高是癌症复发或远处转移的早期指标。只有少数肿瘤标志物用于筛查(例如，有肝细胞癌风险的患者的甲胎蛋白或前列腺特异性抗原与其他诊断工具一起用于筛查前列腺癌)或用于疾病分期和预后1目前，包括无细胞DNA在内的分子遗传肿瘤标志物似乎开辟了新的前景。2,3由于早期癌症的检出率仍然不理想，以及目前可用的肿瘤标志物的局限性，许多候选标志物根据肿瘤的特异性和诊断特征进行评估。这种评估的一个很好的例子是Łukasiewicz-Zając等人发表的一篇论文，报告了食管癌(EC)患者血清中白细胞介素8 (IL-8)受体的浓度，该论文发表在最新一期的波兰内科学档案(Pol Arch Med Wewn)上。在癌症中，机体的免疫反应被改变，导致炎症、血管生成和癌症免疫监视的抑制细胞因子、趋化因子及其受体参与了这一过程。5,6 CXCR2是一种IL-8受体，在包括EC在内的几种人类癌症中表达，IL-8/CXCR2信号通路通过促进癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和转移以及肿瘤内的血管生成来促进癌症的发展据报道，EC细胞中CXCR2的高表达与恶性肿瘤进展和不良预后有关。7,8 Łukasiewicz-Zając等人4观察了EDITORIAL的血清CXCR2浓度
{"title":"Not easy to become a tumor marker.","authors":"B. Solnica","doi":"10.20452/pamw.3699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.3699","url":null,"abstract":"845 EC patients as an alternative to the labor-intensive and expensive immunohistochemical procedures used to detect this chemokine receptor expression on cancer cells. Thus, the authors assumed a relationship between the degree of local CXCR2 expression on EC cells and its serum concentration. Indeed, they found significantly higher serum CXCR2 levels in EC patients than in healthy controls. However, their study failed to show any relationship between serum CXCR2 concentrations and the clinical and pathological EC characteristics, found in studies on the expression of CXCR2 on EC cells.7,8 The authors emphasized that they carried out the first study evaluating serum CXCR2 concentrations in EC patients. Therefore, they could not present any data on the relationship between serum CXCR2 and its expression on EC cells. There are also no such data for other cells expressing CXCR2. Soluble CXCR2 (sCXCR2), present and measurable in biological fluids (plasma, urine), is an acidic glycopeptide identified as the N-terminal fragment of the CXCR2 molecule. It is released after proteolytic cleavage of CXCR2 by cell-associated metalloproteinases as shown for neutrophils.9 Thus, the relationship between serum sCXCR2 and CXCR2 expression may be complex. The second aim of the study was to establish the diagnostic characteristics of CXCR2 levels in the diagnosis of EC and to assess the clinical usefulness of this test. The obtained results clearly demonstrated that significant differences in serum CXCR2 levels between EC patients and tumor-free controls do not justify the measurement of this receptor to diagnose EC. CXCR2 is expressed on numerous cells, namely, on neutrophils, lymphocytes, as well as epithelial and endothelial cells, and cannot be considered a tumor-specific marker. Therefore, its serum concentration distributions in EC patients and healthy controls may overlap. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) reflects the degree of overlapping of distributions. AUC for serum CXCR2 levels amounting to 0.681 found in the study indicates significant overlapping of distributions and poor overall diagnostic A tumor marker is a substance produced by or associated with a tumor, found in blood in concentrations higher than in malignancy-free subjects.1 The long history of tumor markers is a little disappointing. They were introduced on a larger scale in the years 1960–1970 with the hope that they would enable the diagnosis of malignancies at an early stage and serve as screening tests. In fact tumor markers are mainly used to monitor the course of the cancer disease after radical treatment. Rising concentrations of a tumor marker is an earlier indicator of cancer recurrence or distant metastases than clinical presentation and results of imaging studies are. Only a few tumor markers are used for screening (eg, alpha-fetoprotein in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma or prostate-specific antigen together with other diagnostic too","PeriodicalId":20343,"journal":{"name":"Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej","volume":"11 1","pages":"845-846"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89930048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The present and future status of internal medicine in Poland and in the world.","authors":"M. Majdan","doi":"10.20452/pamw.3685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.3685","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20343,"journal":{"name":"Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej","volume":"272 1","pages":"939-941"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75775939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do we need the specialty of internal medicine?","authors":"P. Kuna","doi":"10.20452/pamw.3681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.3681","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20343,"journal":{"name":"Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej","volume":"17 1","pages":"931-934"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90245793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aspirin in prevention of cardiovascular events. Dr. Gordon Guyatt in an interview with Dr. Roman Jaeschke.","authors":"G. Guyatt, R. Jaeschke","doi":"10.20452/pamw.3665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.3665","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20343,"journal":{"name":"Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej","volume":"11 1","pages":"909"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87498677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The current situation and future of internal medicine in Poland from the point of view of an endocrinologist.","authors":"A. Lewiński","doi":"10.20452/pamw.3683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.3683","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20343,"journal":{"name":"Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej","volume":"1 1","pages":"935-938"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87642058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Safety of long‑acting ß2‑agonists: current state of knowledge. Dr. Paul O'Byrne in an interview with Dr. Roman Jaeschke: part 2.","authors":"P. O'Byrne, R. Jaeschke","doi":"10.20452/pamw.3669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.3669","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20343,"journal":{"name":"Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej","volume":"134 1","pages":"912-913"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77377346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Internal medicine: still the queen of medical sciences?","authors":"M. Trusz‐Gluza","doi":"10.20452/pamw.3691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.3691","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20343,"journal":{"name":"Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej","volume":"109 1","pages":"944-947"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85705237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thoughts on the situation of internal medicine.","authors":"I. Zimmermann-Górska","doi":"10.20452/pamw.3693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.3693","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20343,"journal":{"name":"Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej","volume":"46 1","pages":"948-950"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91530156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Adamska, Agnieszka Łebkowska, Anna Krentowska, M. Jacewicz, M. Górska, I. Kowalska
{"title":"Relationship between serum gonadotropin concentrations and thyroid volume in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.","authors":"A. Adamska, Agnieszka Łebkowska, Anna Krentowska, M. Jacewicz, M. Górska, I. Kowalska","doi":"10.20452/pamw.3656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.3656","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20343,"journal":{"name":"Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej","volume":"11 1","pages":"891-894"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90521825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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