Pub Date : 2003-05-14DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199229
L. Dozio, P. Mantegazza
The paper outlines the design and implementation of the Real Time Application Interface (RTAI) for Linux, as used for high performance local/distributed control systems implemented on low cost off the shelf general purpose computers. Its native lean real time middleware layer is described along with its use in an advanced tool to easily manage and monitor complex networked control systems.
{"title":"Real time distributed control systems using RTAI","authors":"L. Dozio, P. Mantegazza","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199229","url":null,"abstract":"The paper outlines the design and implementation of the Real Time Application Interface (RTAI) for Linux, as used for high performance local/distributed control systems implemented on low cost off the shelf general purpose computers. Its native lean real time middleware layer is described along with its use in an advanced tool to easily manage and monitor complex networked control systems.","PeriodicalId":204411,"journal":{"name":"Sixth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing, 2003.","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130512666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-05-14DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199239
Toyoaki Tomura, S. Kanai, T. Kishinami
Distributed control systems (DCSs) consisting of a plant, a controller composed of many devices, and an open network interconnecting devices, are now used in many automation areas. For assuring the control performance under the heavy traffic on the network, the simulation of DCS is strongly needed. In the case of DCSs for controlling a mechanical plant, the graphical and cooperative simulation between the controller model and the plant model becomes important to verify the sequence of motions of the plant. For this purpose, we propose a systematic object-oriented-based DCS modeling procedure to efficiently and uniformly develop the DCS simulation model. From this procedure, we can describe the formal description of DCS simulation model based on five object-oriented design patterns which describe the structure and behavior of the DCS. We also propose an event chain mechanism between the statechart-based controller model and the graphical plant model. Finally, the cooperative DCS simulation software is developed by using the Java 3D API.
分布式控制系统(dcs)由一个工厂、一个由多个设备组成的控制器和一个开放的网络互连设备组成，目前在许多自动化领域得到了应用。为了保证在网络大流量下的控制性能，迫切需要对DCS进行仿真。在dcs控制机械设备的情况下，控制器模型和设备模型之间的图形化和协同仿真对于验证设备的运动序列变得非常重要。为此，我们提出了一种系统的基于面向对象的DCS建模方法，以高效、统一地开发DCS仿真模型。从这个过程中，我们可以描述基于五种面向对象的设计模式的DCS仿真模型的形式化描述，这些模式描述了DCS的结构和行为。我们还提出了基于状态图的控制器模型和图形工厂模型之间的事件链机制。最后，利用Java 3D API开发了协同DCS仿真软件。
{"title":"A cooperative simulation mechanism of distributed control systems based on object-oriented design patterns","authors":"Toyoaki Tomura, S. Kanai, T. Kishinami","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199239","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed control systems (DCSs) consisting of a plant, a controller composed of many devices, and an open network interconnecting devices, are now used in many automation areas. For assuring the control performance under the heavy traffic on the network, the simulation of DCS is strongly needed. In the case of DCSs for controlling a mechanical plant, the graphical and cooperative simulation between the controller model and the plant model becomes important to verify the sequence of motions of the plant. For this purpose, we propose a systematic object-oriented-based DCS modeling procedure to efficiently and uniformly develop the DCS simulation model. From this procedure, we can describe the formal description of DCS simulation model based on five object-oriented design patterns which describe the structure and behavior of the DCS. We also propose an event chain mechanism between the statechart-based controller model and the graphical plant model. Finally, the cooperative DCS simulation software is developed by using the Java 3D API.","PeriodicalId":204411,"journal":{"name":"Sixth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing, 2003.","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126317645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-05-14DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199238
W. Roll
New advances in software component and modeling standards promise to ease the burden of development complexity while improving flexibility and reliability. These solutions raise the level of abstraction from object-oriented classes to coarser components and support the creation and configuration of systems using modeling or other specification standards. This paper outlines the challenges inherent in the original Bold Stroke component model developed in the late 1990's and then discusses an evolved component model that leverages work being done in the Object Management Group (OMG) and in government funded research that addresses these issues in a distributed real-time embedded (DRE) application context.
{"title":"Towards model-based and CCM-based applications for real-time systems","authors":"W. Roll","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199238","url":null,"abstract":"New advances in software component and modeling standards promise to ease the burden of development complexity while improving flexibility and reliability. These solutions raise the level of abstraction from object-oriented classes to coarser components and support the creation and configuration of systems using modeling or other specification standards. This paper outlines the challenges inherent in the original Bold Stroke component model developed in the late 1990's and then discusses an evolved component model that leverages work being done in the Object Management Group (OMG) and in government funded research that addresses these issues in a distributed real-time embedded (DRE) application context.","PeriodicalId":204411,"journal":{"name":"Sixth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing, 2003.","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132102218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-05-14DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199256
C. Mraidha, S. Gérard, F. Terrier, J. Benzakki
Moving from code-oriented to model-oriented development facilitates significantly management of increasingly complex software. As explained in [1], clear separation of concerns during application development can drastically increase maintainability, reusability and complexity management. Although existing UML-based approaches for real-time systems development do help speed up software development, they still result in models that are hard to maintain and reuse. This drawback is mainly due to a failure to apply the principles of separating concerns. This paper presents an UML-based method using Aspect Principles and dedicated to the development of real-time embedded systems. It focuses mainly on how suitable separation of concerns may ease reusability and maintainability. Specifically, it depicts how application behavior can be clearly modeled applying separation of control and computation aspects of behavior in UML.
{"title":"A two-aspect approach for a clearer behavior model","authors":"C. Mraidha, S. Gérard, F. Terrier, J. Benzakki","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199256","url":null,"abstract":"Moving from code-oriented to model-oriented development facilitates significantly management of increasingly complex software. As explained in [1], clear separation of concerns during application development can drastically increase maintainability, reusability and complexity management. Although existing UML-based approaches for real-time systems development do help speed up software development, they still result in models that are hard to maintain and reuse. This drawback is mainly due to a failure to apply the principles of separating concerns. This paper presents an UML-based method using Aspect Principles and dedicated to the development of real-time embedded systems. It focuses mainly on how suitable separation of concerns may ease reusability and maintainability. Specifically, it depicts how application behavior can be clearly modeled applying separation of control and computation aspects of behavior in UML.","PeriodicalId":204411,"journal":{"name":"Sixth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing, 2003.","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133875300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-05-14DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199237
M. D. Miguel
UML is useful for modeling object-oriented systems, their behavior and interaction. However, UML currently does not support the modeling of quality of service (QoS) criteria, such as the reliability and accuracy (i.e., quality). A QoS framework provides support to ensure consistency in modeling various qualities of service. It supports a general categorization of different kinds of QoS; including QoS that are fixed at design time as well as ones that are managed dynamically. And it supports the integration of different categories of QoS for the purpose of QoS modeling of system aspects. Frequently the behavior of a system component is functionally correct, but the result it generates is nevertheless unacceptable because the result does not meet some QoS criteria. One way to enhance the capability of the system to deliver results of acceptable quality is to use flexible components that adapt their behavior depending on the resources available and the QoS required.
{"title":"General framework for the description of QoS in UML","authors":"M. D. Miguel","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199237","url":null,"abstract":"UML is useful for modeling object-oriented systems, their behavior and interaction. However, UML currently does not support the modeling of quality of service (QoS) criteria, such as the reliability and accuracy (i.e., quality). A QoS framework provides support to ensure consistency in modeling various qualities of service. It supports a general categorization of different kinds of QoS; including QoS that are fixed at design time as well as ones that are managed dynamically. And it supports the integration of different categories of QoS for the purpose of QoS modeling of system aspects. Frequently the behavior of a system component is functionally correct, but the result it generates is nevertheless unacceptable because the result does not meet some QoS criteria. One way to enhance the capability of the system to deliver results of acceptable quality is to use flexible components that adapt their behavior depending on the resources available and the QoS required.","PeriodicalId":204411,"journal":{"name":"Sixth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing, 2003.","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129995823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-05-14DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199259
Kenichi Hori, T. Enokido, M. Takizawa, M. Raynal
We discuss how to invoke a method on multiple object replicas in a quorum-based way. Suppose each instance of a method t on replicas of an object x invokes another method u on replicas in a quorum of an object y. Here, the method u is redundantly invoked multiple times on some replicas of the object y. If each instance of the method t issues a method u to its own quorum, more number of replicas are manipulated than the quorum number This is quorum expansion. We discuss a protocol to invoke methods on replicas in a nested manner without the redundant invocation and quorum expansion. We evaluate the protocol on how many replicas are manipulated and requests are issued.
{"title":"Nested invocation protocol for object-based systems","authors":"Kenichi Hori, T. Enokido, M. Takizawa, M. Raynal","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199259","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss how to invoke a method on multiple object replicas in a quorum-based way. Suppose each instance of a method t on replicas of an object x invokes another method u on replicas in a quorum of an object y. Here, the method u is redundantly invoked multiple times on some replicas of the object y. If each instance of the method t issues a method u to its own quorum, more number of replicas are manipulated than the quorum number This is quorum expansion. We discuss a protocol to invoke methods on replicas in a nested manner without the redundant invocation and quorum expansion. We evaluate the protocol on how many replicas are manipulated and requests are issued.","PeriodicalId":204411,"journal":{"name":"Sixth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing, 2003.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129538980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-05-14DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199233
T. Nakajima
In this short article, we introduce Japan Embedded Linux Consortium. Then, we show the impact of ubiquitous computing researches to embedded system industries, and show a brief overview of our research activities.
{"title":"Implication of embedded Linux in Japanese embedded industries","authors":"T. Nakajima","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199233","url":null,"abstract":"In this short article, we introduce Japan Embedded Linux Consortium. Then, we show the impact of ubiquitous computing researches to embedded system industries, and show a brief overview of our research activities.","PeriodicalId":204411,"journal":{"name":"Sixth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing, 2003.","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121237427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-05-14DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199227
B. Selić
The term "model-driven development" denotes an approach to software design and development characterized by the creation of software models as the focus and primary artifacts of development rather than programs. In this brief note, the essentials of model-driven development are explained first, followed by a discussion of how this approach is supported in the realtime and embedded system domains by two key OMG standards. A short overview of these standards is also included.
{"title":"Model-driven development of real-time software using OMG standards","authors":"B. Selić","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199227","url":null,"abstract":"The term \"model-driven development\" denotes an approach to software design and development characterized by the creation of software models as the focus and primary artifacts of development rather than programs. In this brief note, the essentials of model-driven development are explained first, followed by a discussion of how this approach is supported in the realtime and embedded system domains by two key OMG standards. A short overview of these standards is also included.","PeriodicalId":204411,"journal":{"name":"Sixth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing, 2003.","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114620884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-05-14DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199265
Peng Li, B. Ravindran, Jinggang Wang, Glenn Konowicz
Asynchronous real-time distributed systems are inherently non-deterministic. To deal with such non-determinism's, we have developed a family of proactive resource management algorithms that support benefit-function based, end-to-end QoS management. This paper describes a middleware implementation of these algorithms, called Choir. The Choir middleware allows the user express the task end-to-end timeliness requirements using Jensen's benefit functions. Furthermore, the middleware system can transparently replicate, and possibly migrate the computational subtasks to conquer uncertainties such as workload fluctuations, changes of system resources, so that the system aggregate benefit is maximized. Initial experimental results suggest the effectiveness the Choir middleware.
{"title":"Choir: a real-time middleware architecture supporting benefit-based proactive resource allocation","authors":"Peng Li, B. Ravindran, Jinggang Wang, Glenn Konowicz","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199265","url":null,"abstract":"Asynchronous real-time distributed systems are inherently non-deterministic. To deal with such non-determinism's, we have developed a family of proactive resource management algorithms that support benefit-function based, end-to-end QoS management. This paper describes a middleware implementation of these algorithms, called Choir. The Choir middleware allows the user express the task end-to-end timeliness requirements using Jensen's benefit functions. Furthermore, the middleware system can transparently replicate, and possibly migrate the computational subtasks to conquer uncertainties such as workload fluctuations, changes of system resources, so that the system aggregate benefit is maximized. Initial experimental results suggest the effectiveness the Choir middleware.","PeriodicalId":204411,"journal":{"name":"Sixth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing, 2003.","volume":"327 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133291944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-05-14DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199228
Y. Yokote
Today, Windows/spl reg/-based (and UNIX/spl reg/-based) PCs have ability to access to the networks at anytime and anyplace. The benefit of such an "always-connected" environment is expanded to non-PC users with new consumer products such as Airboard and CoCoon, which we call the network electronics (or NE) products in this paper.
{"title":"Requisites of embedded operating system for network electronics","authors":"Y. Yokote","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2003.1199228","url":null,"abstract":"Today, Windows/spl reg/-based (and UNIX/spl reg/-based) PCs have ability to access to the networks at anytime and anyplace. The benefit of such an \"always-connected\" environment is expanded to non-PC users with new consumer products such as Airboard and CoCoon, which we call the network electronics (or NE) products in this paper.","PeriodicalId":204411,"journal":{"name":"Sixth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing, 2003.","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124123025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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