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Discovering Alternative Treatments for Opioid Use Recovery Using Social Media 利用社交媒体发现阿片类药物使用恢复的替代治疗方法
Pub Date : 2019-05-02 DOI: 10.1145/3290605.3300354
Stevie Chancellor, G. Nitzburg, Andrea Hu, F. Zampieri, M. Choudhury
Opioid use disorder (OUD) poses substantial risks to personal well-being and public health. In online communities, users support those seeking recovery, in part by promoting clinically grounded treatments. However, some communities also promote clinically unverified OUD treatments, such as unregulated and untested drugs. Little research exists on which alternative treatments people use, whether these treatments are effective for recovery, or if they cause negative side effects. We provide the first large-scale social media study of clinically unverified, alternative treatments in OUD recovery on Reddit, partnering with an addiction research scientist. We adopt transfer learning across 63 subreddits to precisely identify posts related to opioid recovery. Then, we quantitatively discover potential alternative treatments and contextualize their effectiveness. Our work benefits health research and practice by identifying undiscovered recovery strategies. We also discuss the impacts to online communities dealing with stigmatized behavior and research ethics.
阿片类药物使用障碍(OUD)对个人福祉和公共卫生构成重大风险。在网络社区,用户支持那些寻求康复的人,部分是通过促进临床治疗。然而,一些社区也提倡未经临床验证的OUD治疗,例如不受监管和未经测试的药物。很少有研究表明人们会使用哪些替代疗法,这些疗法是否对康复有效,或者是否会产生负面的副作用。我们与一位成瘾研究科学家合作,在Reddit上提供了第一个大规模的社交媒体研究,研究未经临床验证的OUD康复替代疗法。我们在63个子reddit上采用迁移学习来精确识别与阿片类药物恢复相关的帖子。然后,我们定量地发现潜在的替代治疗方法并将其有效性置于环境中。我们的工作通过确定未被发现的恢复策略,有利于健康研究和实践。我们还讨论了对处理污名化行为和研究伦理的在线社区的影响。
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引用次数: 70
Exploring Media Capture of Meaningful Experiences to Support Families Living with Dementia 探索媒体捕捉有意义的经验,以支持痴呆症患者家庭
Pub Date : 2019-05-02 DOI: 10.1145/3290605.3300653
James Hodge, Kyle Montague, Sandra Hastings, K. Morrissey
Although designing interactive media experiences for people with dementia has become a growing interest in HCI, a strong focus on family members has rarely been recognised as worthy of design intervention. This paper presents a research through design (RTD) approach working closely with families living with dementia in order to create personalised media experiences. Three families took part in day trips, which they co-planned, with data collection during these days providing insights into their shared social experiences. Workshops were also held in order to personalise the experience of the media created during these days out. Our qualitative analysis outlines themes focusing on individuality, relationships, and accepting changed realities. Furthermore, we outline directions for future research focusing on designing for contested realities, the personhood of carers, and the ageing body and immersion.
尽管为痴呆症患者设计互动媒体体验已经成为人们对HCI越来越感兴趣的领域,但对家庭成员的强烈关注很少被认为是值得设计干预的。本文提出了一种通过设计研究(RTD)的方法,与痴呆症患者家庭密切合作,以创造个性化的媒体体验。三个家庭参加了他们共同计划的一日游,在这些日子里收集的数据提供了他们共同的社会经历的见解。此外,还举办了讲习班,以便在这几天创造个性化的媒体体验。我们的定性分析概述了关注个性、关系和接受变化的现实的主题。此外,我们概述了未来研究的方向,重点是设计有争议的现实,照顾者的人格,衰老的身体和沉浸。
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引用次数: 31
The Invisible Potential of Facial Electromyography: A Comparison of EMG and Computer Vision when Distinguishing Posed from Spontaneous Smiles 面部肌电图的隐形潜力:肌电图和计算机视觉在区分姿势微笑和自发微笑时的比较
Pub Date : 2019-05-02 DOI: 10.1145/3290605.3300379
Monica Perusquía-Hernández, S. Ayabe‐Kanamura, Kenji Suzuki, Shiro Kumano
Positive experiences are a success metric in product and service design. Quantifying smiles is a method of assessing them continuously. Smiles are usually a cue of positive affect, but they can also be fabricated voluntarily. Automatic detection is a promising complement to human perception in terms of identifying the differences between smile types. Computer vision (CV) and facial distal electromyography (EMG) have been proven successful in this task. This is the first study to use a wearable EMG that does not obstruct the face to compare the performance of CV and EMG measurements in the task of distinguishing between posed and spontaneous smiles. The results showed that EMG has the advantage of being able to identify covert behavior not available through vision. Moreover, CV appears to be able to identify visible dynamic features that human judges cannot account for. This sheds light on the role of non-observable behavior in distinguishing affect-related smiles from polite positive affect displays.
积极的体验是产品和服务设计成功的衡量标准。量化微笑是一种持续评估微笑的方法。微笑通常是一种积极影响的暗示,但它们也可以是自愿制造的。在识别微笑类型的差异方面,自动检测是对人类感知的一个有希望的补充。计算机视觉(CV)和面部远端肌电图(EMG)已被证明是成功的。这是第一个使用不遮挡面部的可穿戴式肌电图来比较CV和肌电图测量在区分姿势微笑和自然微笑的任务中的表现的研究。结果表明,肌电图具有识别视觉无法识别的隐蔽行为的优势。此外,CV似乎能够识别人类法官无法解释的可见动态特征。这揭示了不可观察行为在区分与情感相关的微笑和礼貌的积极情感表现方面的作用。
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引用次数: 25
ForceRay ForceRay
Pub Date : 2019-05-02 DOI: 10.1145/3290605.3300442
Christian Corsten, Marcel Lahaye, Jan O. Borchers, Simon Voelker
Smartphones are used predominantly one-handed, using the thumb for input. Many smartphones, however, have grown beyond 5". Users cannot tap everywhere on these screens without destabilizing their grip. ForceRay (FR) lets users aim at an out-of-reach target by applying a force touch at a comfortable thumb location, casting a virtual ray towards the target. Varying pressure moves a cursor along the ray. When reaching the target, quickly lifting the thumb selects it. In a first study, FR was 195 ms slower and had a 3% higher selection error than the best existing technique, BezelCursor (BC), but FR caused significantly less device movement than all other techniques, letting users maintain a steady grip and removing their concerns about device drops. A second study showed that an hour of training speeds up both BC and FR, and that both are equally fast for targets at the screen border.
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引用次数: 17
The Right to the Sustainable Smart City 可持续智慧城市的权利
Pub Date : 2019-05-02 DOI: 10.1145/3290605.3300517
S. Heitlinger, N. Bryan-Kinns, R. Comber
Environmental concerns have driven an interest in sustainable smart cities, through the monitoring and optimisation of networked infrastructures. At the same time, there are concerns about who these interventions and services are for, and who benefits. HCI researchers and designers interested in civic life have started to call for the democratisation of urban space through resistance and political action to challenge state and corporate claims. This paper contributes to an emerging body of work that seeks to involve citizens in the design of sustainable smart cities, particularly in the context of marginalised and culturally diverse urban communities. We present a study involving co-designing Internet of Things with urban agricultural communities and discuss three ways in which design can participate in the right to the sustainable smart city through designing for the commons, care, and biocultural diversity.
通过对网络基础设施的监测和优化,环境问题推动了人们对可持续智能城市的兴趣。与此同时,人们也担心这些干预措施和服务是为谁服务的,以及谁会从中受益。对市民生活感兴趣的HCI研究人员和设计师已经开始呼吁通过抵抗和政治行动来挑战国家和企业的主张,实现城市空间的民主化。本文为一个新兴的工作体系做出了贡献,该体系旨在让公民参与可持续智慧城市的设计,特别是在边缘化和文化多样化的城市社区的背景下。我们提出了一项涉及与城市农业社区共同设计物联网的研究,并讨论了三种方式,通过为公共、关怀和生物文化多样性设计,设计可以参与可持续智慧城市的权利。
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引用次数: 60
Understanding Digitally-Mediated Empathy: An Exploration of Visual, Narrative, and Biosensory Informational Cues 理解数字介导的共情:视觉、叙事和生物感觉信息线索的探索
Pub Date : 2019-05-02 DOI: 10.1145/3290605.3300844
Max T. Curran, J. Gordon, Lily Lin, P. Sridhar, J. Chuang
Digitally sharing our experiences engages a process of empathy shaped by available informational cues. Biosensory data is one informative cue, but the relationship to empathy is underexplored. In this study, we investigate this process by showing a video of a "target'' person's visual perspective watching a virtual reality film to sixty "observers''. We vary information available to observers via three experimental conditions: a baseline unmodified video, video with narrative text, or with a graph of electrodermal activity (EDA) of the target. Compared to baseline, narrative text increased empathic accuracy (EA) while EDA had an opposite, negative effect. Qualitatively, observers describe their empathic processes as using their own feelings supplemented with the information presented depending on the interpretability of that information. Both narration and EDA prompted observers to reconsider assumptions about another's experience. Our findings lead to a discussion of digitally-mediated empathy with implications for associated research and product development.
以数字方式分享我们的经历涉及到一个由可用信息线索塑造的同理心过程。生物感官数据是一种信息线索,但与同理心的关系尚未得到充分探讨。在这项研究中,我们通过向60名“观察者”展示“目标”人观看虚拟现实电影的视觉视角来调查这一过程。我们通过三种实验条件改变观察者可获得的信息:基线未修改的视频,带有叙述性文本的视频,或目标的皮肤电活动(EDA)图。与基线相比,叙事文本提高了移情准确性(EA),而EDA则有相反的负面影响。定性地,观察者将他们的共情过程描述为使用他们自己的感受来补充所呈现的信息,这取决于该信息的可解释性。叙述和EDA都促使观察者重新考虑对他人经历的假设。我们的研究结果引发了对数字媒介共情的讨论,并对相关研究和产品开发产生了影响。
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引用次数: 31
Autonomous Distributed Energy Systems: Problematising the Invisible through Design, Drama and Deliberation 自主分布式能源系统:通过设计、戏剧和深思熟虑来解决隐形问题
Pub Date : 2019-05-02 DOI: 10.1145/3290605.3300617
Larissa Pschetz, Kruakae Pothong, Chris Speed
Technologies such as blockchains, smart contracts and programmable batteries facilitate emerging models of energy distribution, trade and consumption, and generate a considerable number of opportunities for energy markets. However, these developments complicate relationships between stakeholders, disrupting traditional notions of value, control and ownership. Discussing these issues with the public is particularly challenging as energy consumption habits often obscure the competing values and interests that shape stakeholders' relationships. To make such difficult discussions more approachable and examine the missing relational aspect of autonomous energy systems, we combined the design of speculative hairdryers with performance and deliberation. This integrated method of inquiry makes visible the competing values and interests, eliciting people's wishes to negotiate these terms. We argue that the complexity of mediated energy distribution and its convoluted stakeholder relationships requires more sophisticated methods of inquiry to engage people in debates concerning distributed energy systems.
区块链、智能合约和可编程电池等技术促进了能源分配、贸易和消费的新兴模式,并为能源市场创造了大量机会。然而,这些发展使利益相关者之间的关系复杂化,破坏了传统的价值、控制和所有权观念。与公众讨论这些问题尤其具有挑战性,因为能源消费习惯往往模糊了影响利益相关者关系的相互竞争的价值观和利益。为了使这种困难的讨论更容易进行,并检查自主能源系统缺失的关系方面,我们将投机性吹风机的设计与性能和深思熟虑结合起来。这种综合的探究方法使相互竞争的价值观和利益变得清晰可见,从而引发人们对这些条件进行谈判的愿望。我们认为,中介能源分布的复杂性及其错综复杂的利益相关者关系需要更复杂的调查方法,以使人们参与有关分布式能源系统的辩论。
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引用次数: 38
A Framework for the Experience of Meaning in Human-Computer Interaction 人机交互中的意义体验框架
Pub Date : 2019-05-02 DOI: 10.1145/3290605.3300455
Elisa D. Mekler, K. Hornbæk
The view of quality in human-computer interaction continuously develops, having in past decades included consistency, transparency, usability, and positive emotions. Recently, meaning is receiving increased interest in the user experience literature and in industry, referring to the end, purpose or significance of interaction with computers. However, the notion of meaning remains elusive and a bewildering number of senses are in use. We present a framework of meaning in interaction, based on a synthesis of psychological meaning research. The framework outlines five distinct senses of the experience of meaning: connectedness, purpose, coherence, resonance, and significance. We illustrate the usefulness of the framework by analyzing a selection of recent papers at the CHI conference and by raising a series of open research questions about the interplay of meaning, user experience, reflection, and well-being.
在过去的几十年里,人机交互的质量观不断发展,包括一致性、透明度、可用性和积极情绪。最近,在用户体验文献和行业中,“意义”一词受到越来越多的关注,它指的是与计算机交互的最终目的或意义。然而,意义的概念仍然难以捉摸,使用的感觉数量令人眼花缭乱。在综合心理学意义研究的基础上,提出了一个互动意义的框架。该框架概述了意义体验的五种不同感觉:连通性、目的、连贯性、共鸣和重要性。我们通过分析CHI会议上最近的一些论文,并提出一系列关于意义、用户体验、反思和幸福感之间相互作用的开放性研究问题,来说明该框架的有用性。
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引用次数: 59
Cluster Touch: Improving Touch Accuracy on Smartphones for People with Motor and Situational Impairments 集群触摸:为有运动和情境障碍的人提高智能手机上的触摸准确性
Pub Date : 2019-05-02 DOI: 10.1145/3290605.3300257
Martez E. Mott, J. Wobbrock
We present Cluster Touch, a combined user-independent and user-specific touch offset model that improves the accuracy of touch input on smartphones for people with motor impairments, and for people experiencing situational impairments while walking. Cluster Touch combines touch examples from multiple users to create a shared user-independent touch model, which is then updated with touch examples provided by an individual user to make it user-specific. Owing to this combination, Cluster Touch allows people to quickly improve the accuracy of their smartphones by providing only 20 touch examples. In a user study with 12 people with motor impairments and 12 people without motor impairments, but who were walking, Cluster Touch improved touch accuracy by 14.65% for the former group and 6.81% for the latter group over the native touch sensor. Furthermore, in an offline analysis of existing mobile interfaces, Cluster Touch improved touch accuracy by 8.21% and 4.84% over the native touch sensor for the two user groups, respectively.
我们提出了Cluster Touch,这是一个结合了用户独立和用户特定的触摸偏移模型,可以提高智能手机上运动障碍患者和行走时遇到情境障碍的人的触摸输入的准确性。Cluster Touch结合来自多个用户的触摸示例来创建一个共享的用户独立触摸模型,然后使用单个用户提供的触摸示例来更新该模型,使其具有用户特异性。由于这种组合,Cluster Touch允许人们通过提供仅20个触摸示例来快速提高智能手机的准确性。在一项有12名运动障碍患者和12名无运动障碍患者的用户研究中,与原生触摸传感器相比,Cluster Touch将前者的触摸精度提高了14.65%,后者提高了6.81%。此外,在对现有移动界面的离线分析中,对于两个用户群体,Cluster Touch的触摸精度分别比原生触摸传感器提高了8.21%和4.84%。
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引用次数: 26
Beyond Dyadic Interactions: Considering Chatbots as Community Members 超越二元互动:将聊天机器人视为社区成员
Pub Date : 2019-05-02 DOI: 10.1145/3290605.3300680
Joseph Seering, Michal Luria, Geoff F. Kaufman, Jessica Hammer
Chatbots have grown as a space for research and development in recent years due both to the realization of their commercial potential and to advancements in language processing that have facilitated more natural conversations. However, nearly all chatbots to date have been designed for dyadic, one-on-one communication with users. In this paper we present a comprehensive review of research on chatbots supplemented by a review of commercial and independent chatbots. We argue that chatbots' social roles and conversational capabilities beyond dyadic interactions have been underexplored, and that expansion into this design space could support richer social interactions in online communities and help address the longstanding challenges of maintaining, moderating, and growing these communities. In order to identify opportunities beyond dyadic interactions, we used research-through-design methods to generate more than 400 concepts for new social chatbots, and we present seven categories that emerged from analysis of these ideas.
近年来,聊天机器人已经成为一个研究和开发的领域,这既是由于它们的商业潜力的实现,也是由于语言处理的进步促进了更自然的对话。然而,迄今为止,几乎所有的聊天机器人都是为与用户进行一对一的双向交流而设计的。在本文中,我们对聊天机器人的研究进行了全面的回顾,并对商业和独立聊天机器人进行了回顾。我们认为聊天机器人的社交角色和会话能力在二元互动之外还没有得到充分的探索,扩展到这个设计空间可以支持在线社区中更丰富的社交互动,并有助于解决维护、调节和发展这些社区的长期挑战。为了识别二元互动之外的机会,我们使用通过设计研究的方法为新的社交聊天机器人产生了400多个概念,我们从这些想法的分析中提出了七个类别。
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引用次数: 66
期刊
Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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