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APPLICATION OF INTERLOCKING STRUCTURES: FEM-BASED CONCEPT DEMONSTRATION 联锁结构的应用:基于有限元的概念演示
Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.18503/1995-2732-2023-21-1-93-99
Основе КЭ-МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ, Константинов Д.В, Матвеев С.В, Песин А.М, Корчунов А.Г, Пивоварова К.Г, D.V, Matveev, S.V, Pesin, A.M, Korchunov, A.G, Pivovarova
. Modern development of machines demands increased hardness and reliability of materials and structures. Usually, this is done by introducing new chemical compositions of materials and new methods of material treatment. Following the computer finite element modeling, this paper demonstrates another efficient method of increasing hardness and reliability of materials and structures by selecting the reasonable geometry of structure elements and conditions of their interactions. These geometrical structures, first introduced by mathematicians, are called interlocking. An interlocking structure is a set of convex bodies arranged so that any infinitely small movement of one of them is possible only as a part of a simultaneous movement by all bodies (as if they were a single body). Modeling was carried out in the Abaqus software complex to demonstrate a conceptual approach to the use of interlocking structures in the development of structural materials for various purposes. Using the simulation results, the authors have studied various patterns of load distribution in such systems and put forward theories about their application in future studies. It was found that depending on various loading scenarios, such structures can dispel the applied point loads along the entire volume of the structural element. The paper also demonstrates the potential for optimizing the geometry of individual elements of interlocking structures, contributing to expanding their operational properties, while maintaining key features. The authors provide a scientific rationale for applying such structures in future to
. 现代机器的发展要求材料和结构的硬度和可靠性更高。通常,这是通过引入新的材料化学成分和新的材料处理方法来实现的。在计算机有限元建模的基础上,提出了通过选择合理的结构单元几何形状及其相互作用条件来提高材料和结构硬度和可靠性的另一种有效方法。这些几何结构,最初是由数学家提出的,被称为联锁。联锁结构是一组凸体,这样,其中一个的无限小运动只能作为所有物体同时运动的一部分(就好像它们是一个单一的物体)。在Abaqus软件综合体中进行建模,以演示在各种用途的结构材料开发中使用联锁结构的概念方法。利用仿真结果,作者研究了此类系统的各种负载分布模式,并提出了其在未来研究中的应用理论。研究发现,根据不同的荷载情况,这种结构可以消除沿结构单元整个体积施加的点荷载。该论文还展示了优化联锁结构单个元件几何形状的潜力,有助于扩展其操作特性,同时保持关键特征。作者为今后应用这种结构提供了科学依据
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引用次数: 0
COMBINED TECHNOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLEX STRUCTURE DEEP GOLD PLACERS 复合技术开发复杂结构深部金矿床
Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.18503/1995-2732-2023-21-1-24-31
Технология Разработки, Россыпей Золота, Cheban A.Yu, Sekisov A.G
. Problem Statement (Relevance). Alluvial gold deposits mainly have a complex structure with a significant variability in the content of the useful component and the size of gold grains in sands of the producing formation, and, therefore, their development, using conventional processing technologies focused predominantly on gold recovered by gravity with a size of over 0.5 mm, leads to large losses of gold. The known technologies for the development of deep-seated placers are not focused on the selective extraction of sands with different levels of gold content and size; therefore, they do not provide the possibility of flexible changes in process flow charts, modes and parameters of processing the mineral mass, which is not uniform in its quality. A necessary condition for the use of the selective extraction of sands and their separate processing is the identification of the exact contours of rich zones, containing gold of a higher size, for their prior extraction. Objective. The research is aimed at improving the technology for the combined development of complex-structural alluvial gold deposits by delineating rich sand zones, selecting a set of equipment to ensure their high-quality prior extraction, mining of ordinary and poor sand zones using in-situ leaching technology. Results. The paper proposes an improved development technology, which consists in identifying zones of rich sands and subsequent refinement of their contours, prior mechanical extraction of rich sands, containing a significant amount of relatively coarse gold using an extraction module, with the extraction of the rest of the rich sands using hydraulic borehole mining, and ordinary and poor areas using in-situ leaching. The extraction module is installed on the stem of the drilling rig and includes cutting elements, rods, a hydraulic drive, and a bucket. The rich sands extracted to the surface are supplied for multi-stage enrichment. The remaining main volume of the deposit is mined using in-situ leaching solutions with adaptive concentrations that provide a relatively high recovery of gold into the product solution. Conclusions. The use of the proposed combined technology will significantly reduce technological losses and increase the extraction of gold from the sands of complex-structured deep-seated placers, while reducing the unit cost of gold mining.
. 问题陈述(相关性)。冲积金矿主要具有复杂的结构,在生产地层的砂粒中有用成分的含量和金颗粒的大小都有很大的变化,因此,使用传统的加工技术来开发冲积金矿,主要侧重于重力回收尺寸大于0.5 mm的金,导致金的大量损失。目前已知的深部砂矿开发技术并未集中在不同含金量和粒度的砂的选择性提取上;因此,它们不提供灵活改变工艺流程图、模式和加工矿质参数的可能性,矿质不均匀。使用选择性提取砂及其分离处理的一个必要条件是确定富矿区的确切轮廓,含较大尺寸的黄金,以便预先提取。目标。研究旨在通过圈定富砂带,选择一套保证其高质量预提的设备,采用原地浸出技术对普通砂带和差砂带进行开采,提高复杂构造冲积金矿组合开发技术。结果。本文提出了一种改进的开发技术,即确定富砂带并对其轮廓进行细化,利用提取模块先对含大量较粗金的富砂进行机械提取,剩余的富砂采用水力钻孔开采,普通和贫困地区采用原地浸出开采。提取模块安装在钻机的杆上,包括切削元件、杆、液压驱动器和铲斗。提取到地表的富砂供多阶段富集。该矿床的剩余主要部分使用具有自适应浓度的原位浸出溶液进行开采,从而在产品溶液中提供相对较高的金回收率。结论。该组合技术的应用将大大减少技术损失,提高结构复杂的深层砂矿砂中黄金的提取率,同时降低黄金开采的单位成本。
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引用次数: 0
ON THE ISSUE OF INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF MINING AND PROCESSING OF MINERAL RAW MATERIALS BY CONTROLLING THE PARAMETERS OF DRILLING AND BLASTING OPERATIONS TO ACHIEVE QUALITY REQUIREMENTS 通过对钻爆作业参数的控制,提高采矿和矿物原料加工的效率,达到质量要求
Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.18503/1995-2732-2023-21-1-5-14
D. Domozhirov
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引用次数: 0
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE KPI SYSTEM AT METALLURGICAL ENTERPRISES 冶金企业kpi体系的制定与实施
Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.18503/1995-2732-2023-21-1-118-125
O. Ponomareva, T. Maiorova, V.A. Priymak
. Having analyzed the issue of the study on various approaches to management of metallurgical enterprises, the authors set an objective: to determine the most efficient management system for the Group of Budget Planning and Current Assets Management of OJSC MMK-METIZ. The budgeting system used at the enterprise was analyzed with the identification of main disadvantages. It was determined that management, using the enterprise budget as the only one criterion for achieving strategic goals, did not provide an assessment of an intangible component of success of the enterprise performance. The authors describe a system of key performance indicators (KPIs), which reflects the transformation of the company’s strategy into a set of interrelated and balanced performance indicators. Developing meaningful key performance indicators that track and clearly visualize performance requires definite planning. Every indicator should correspond to a specific business process and provide timely and accurate information to assess the progress towards achieving goals. A system of key performance indicators has been developed for the Group of Budget Planning and Current Assets Management of OJSC MMK-METIZ. The authors determined main business processes of the Group of Budget Planning and Current Assets Management of OJSC MMK-METIZ and its performance indicators. The implementation of the KPI system will provide the company with the opportunity to determine strategic, financial and operations goals of the company based on clear indicators of efficiency of business processes, contributing to optimizing effort of all the departments. Monitoring of the company’s activities will be reduced not only to the analysis of deviations of business indicators from planned figures, but also to the assessment of the current results of achieving strategic goals. The KPI system will motivate the staff to improve efficiency of their activities in general.
. 在分析了冶金企业各种管理方法研究的问题后,提出了一个目标:确定OJSC MMK-METIZ预算规划和流动资产管理小组最有效的管理制度。分析了该企业使用的预算制度,指出了其主要缺点。经确定,管理部门使用企业预算作为实现战略目标的唯一标准,没有提供对企业业绩成功的无形组成部分的评价。作者描述了一个关键绩效指标(kpi)系统,它反映了公司战略向一组相互关联和平衡的绩效指标的转变。制定有意义的关键绩效指标,跟踪和清晰地可视化绩效,需要明确的计划。每个指标都应对应于特定的业务流程,并提供及时和准确的信息,以评估实现目标的进展情况。为OJSC MMK-METIZ的预算规划和流动资产管理小组制定了一套关键绩效指标系统。确定了OJSC MMK-METIZ预算规划和流动资产管理组的主要业务流程及其绩效指标。KPI体系的实施将使公司有机会根据明确的业务流程效率指标确定公司的战略、财务和运营目标,有助于各部门的优化工作。对公司活动的监测将不仅简化为分析业务指标与计划数字的偏差,而且还将简化为评估当前实现战略目标的结果。关键绩效指标制度将激励员工提高其活动的整体效率。
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引用次数: 0
STUDY ON MECHANICAL HARACTERISTICS AND FRACTURE SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF THE Ti SURFACE-MODIFIED AK5M2 ALLOY Ti表面改性AK5M2合金力学特性及断口形貌研究
Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.18503/1995-2732-2023-21-1-32-44
A. Serebryakova, D. Zaguliaev, V. Shlyarov, Yu.A. Shliarova, Y. Ivanov, A. Ustinov
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引用次数: 0
PROBLEMS OF EFFICIENCY OF THE QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM IN THE NEW ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 新经济环境下质量管理体系效率存在的问题及解决途径
Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.18503/1995-2732-2023-21-1-65-73
N.A. Drankova, Y. Denisova
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引用次数: 0
PROVIDING A RATIONALE FOR A NEED FOR OCCUPATION-SPECIFIC APPLIED PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN TRAINING OF MINING SPECIALISTS 说明在培训采矿专家时需要有职业特色的应用体育教育的理由
Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.18503/1995-2732-2023-21-1-134-141
O. Andreeva, I. Pytalev, E. Shestopalov, V.V. Yakshina
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引用次数: 0
CUTTER HEAD GEOMETRY TO MODIFY THE CYLINDRICAL WHEEL ARC TEETH PROFILE 刀盘几何形状修改圆柱轮弧齿廓形
Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.18503/1995-2732-2023-21-1-55-64
V. Syzrantsev, A. Starikov
. Problem Statement (Relevance). The use of cylindrical gears with arc teeth in locomotive drives, final reduction gears, and upper drives of drilling rigs makes it possible to increase manifold the service life of gears in comparison with spur and helical gears. There are currently proposed ten and a half methods of manufacturing arc teeth of cylindrical gears, differing in tools and shaping movements. A method of cutting arc teeth with cutter heads using the irregular division method on CNC machines is most advanced for industrial manufacturing of cylindrical gears with arc teeth. At the same time, studies on kinematic characteristics of gears, whose teeth are cut in this way, when working under conditions of errors, have shown that the position function has a sawtooth shape, and the teeth clash when meshing. To ensure approximate gearing, it is necessary to perform a profile modification of the tooth flank by using a cutter head with a more complex generating surface, rather than a right circular cone. Methods Applied. A mathematical model of the cutter head generating surface and formulae for calculating its geometric characteristics were developed by applying differential geometry and spatial gearing theory methods. Originality . The authors obtained dependence for coordinates of a radius vector and a unit normal vector, principal curvature of surface points, for the arc cutter head with the generating surface as the one-sheet hyperboloid. Result. The developed mathematical model of the cutter head generating surface contributes to modifying the gear arc teeth profile for both generating gear and gearing with rectilinear flank toothing options, when processing the concave side of the arc tooth. Practical Relevance . The use of circular cutter heads with a one-sheet hyperboloid generating surface ensures approximate gearing by modifying the arc tooth profile subject to errors in the gear and pinion relative position.
. 问题陈述(相关性)。在机车传动、末级减速齿轮和钻机上部传动中使用圆弧齿圆柱齿轮,与正齿轮和斜齿轮相比,可以大大延长齿轮的使用寿命。目前提出的圆柱齿轮弧齿的制造方法有十种半,不同的工具和成形运动。在数控机床上采用不规则剖分法用刀头切割弧齿的方法是工业制造弧齿圆柱齿轮最先进的方法。同时,对以这种方式切齿的齿轮在误差条件下工作时的运动特性进行了研究,结果表明,位置函数呈锯齿形,啮合时齿会发生碰撞。为了确保近似传动,有必要通过使用具有更复杂的生成面而不是右圆锥面的刀盘对齿面进行轮廓修改。方法应用。应用微分几何和空间传动理论方法,建立了刀盘生成曲面的数学模型和几何特性计算公式。创意。得到了弧刀头生成面为单片双曲面时,半径矢量与单位法矢量、曲面点主曲率的坐标关系。结果。所建立的刀盘生齿面数学模型有助于在加工弧齿凹面时,对生齿和采用直线侧齿方案的齿轮弧齿轮廓进行修正。实际意义。使用圆刀头与一个单片双曲面生成面,确保近似传动通过修改弧齿轮廓受误差的齿轮和小齿轮的相对位置。
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF HIERARCHICAL NEURAL NETWORK METHODS IN QUALITY CONTROL 层次神经网络方法在质量控制中的应用分析
Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.18503/1995-2732-2023-21-1-74-81
E. Prytkova, Davydov V.M
. Relevance . Today, quite high quality requirements are imposed on mass-produced products. To exercise operational control of the technological process, when manufacturing products, it is necessary to receive objective information timely. However, now this is a certain problem that arises due to the fact that it is necessary to take into account a sufficiently large number of factors that lead to causes of loss of product quality. Thus, there is a current need for modern methods that can solve this problem. Objectives. Within the framework of this study, the authors aim to analyze the features of the use of hierarchical neural networks to assess the quality of products. Methods Applied. The article describes general scientific and mathematical analysis methods, primarily approaches and methods of a system analysis and a general theory of systems, analysis and synthesis, as well as comparisons and generalizations. The presented methods made it possible to conduct a critical analysis of the points of view on the peculiarities of the use of hierarchical neural network methods in quality control. Originality. The article presents the authors’ analysis of the application of hierarchical neural network methods for product quality control. Result. Quality management of mass-produced products using hierarchical neural networks seems to be efficient, which is proved today by a number of studies. This method is used today in various fields of activity, including mechanical engineering. The article contains the conclusions drawn about the possibilities of the neural network method, its advantages and disadvantages. Practical Relevance. The results of the study can be used by enterprises for quality control of manufactured products.
. 的相关性。今天,对大批量生产的产品提出了相当高的质量要求。为了对工艺过程进行操作控制,在生产产品时,需要及时接收客观信息。但是,现在这是由于需要考虑到足够多的导致产品质量损失原因的因素而产生的一定问题。因此,目前需要能够解决这一问题的现代方法。目标。在本研究的框架内,作者旨在分析使用层次神经网络来评估产品质量的特点。方法应用。本文描述了一般的科学和数学分析方法,主要是系统分析的方法和方法,以及系统的一般理论,分析和综合,以及比较和概括。所提出的方法使得对在质量控制中使用层次神经网络方法的特点的观点进行批判性分析成为可能。创意。本文对层次神经网络方法在产品质量控制中的应用进行了分析。结果。使用层次神经网络对批量生产的产品进行质量管理似乎是有效的,这在今天的许多研究中得到了证明。这种方法今天被用于各种活动领域,包括机械工程。文章对神经网络方法的可能性、优点和缺点进行了总结。实际的相关性。研究结果可为企业制成品的质量控制提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
STUDY ON OSCILLATIONS OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF A ROBOTIC COMPLEX TO IMPLEMENT THE TECHNIQUE OF DESIGNING ROTARY MACHINING OPERATIONS 研究机器人复合体工艺系统的振荡,以实现旋转加工工艺设计技术
Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.18503/1995-2732-2023-21-1-45-54
Исследование Колебаний, Технологической Системы, Роботизированного Комплекса, Для Реализации, Методики Проектирования, Операции Механической, Guzeev V.I, Sergeev
. Problem Statement (Relevance). Currently, industrial robots are used in the industry as part of robotic complexes for machining large-sized parts made from composite materials and metals. For example, control panels of electric locomotives, three-dimensional curved shells, etc. The existing methods for designing a rotary machining operation based on robotic complexes follow the empirical selection of cutting conditions for every specific product; therefore, they are limited in their versatility. The lack of methods for the reasonable assignment of cutting modes and the choice of a cutting tool, taking into account the assessment of the oscillatory process in the technological system during machining on the basis of robotic complexes, negatively influences both the output of machining (downgrading of machining modes in order to ensure accuracy and quality) and time required to introduce the parts into production. Methods Applied . The paper studies the oscillatory processes in the technological system and the possibility of taking them into account when developing a methodology for designing a machining operation with rotating tools based on a robotic complex. Originality . A study examined oscillations of a robotic complex during rotary machining of large-sized non-rigid parts with a rotating tool in order to determine rigidity of the technological system. Result . The authors determined the dependence between oscillations on the spindle of an industrial robot and micro-displacements of the workpiece, contributing to calculating rigidity of the technological system of the robotic complex. Practical Relevance . The research carried out makes it possible to determine rigidity of the technological system of the robotic complex by test machining of parts, which will contribute to a subsequent assignment of cutting modes that provide the specified accuracy at maximum performance.
. 问题陈述(相关性)。目前,工业机器人作为机器人综合体的一部分在工业中用于加工由复合材料和金属制成的大型零件。如电力机车的控制面板、三维曲面壳体等。现有的基于机器人复合体的旋转加工设计方法是根据每个特定产品的切削条件进行经验选择;因此,它们的多功能性是有限的。在基于机器人复合体的加工过程中,考虑到技术系统中振荡过程的评估,缺乏合理分配切削模式和选择切削工具的方法,这对加工的输出(为了确保精度和质量而降低加工模式)和将零件引入生产所需的时间都产生了负面影响。方法:本文研究了工艺系统中的振荡过程,以及在开发基于机器人复合体的旋转刀具加工操作设计方法时考虑振荡过程的可能性。创意。为了确定工艺系统的刚性,研究了在旋转刀具旋转加工大型非刚性零件时机器人复合体的振荡。结果。作者确定了工业机器人主轴上的振荡与工件微位移之间的依赖关系,有助于计算机器人综合体技术系统的刚度。实际意义。所进行的研究使得通过零件的测试加工来确定机器人复合体技术系统的刚度成为可能,这将有助于在最大性能下提供指定精度的切割模式的后续分配。
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引用次数: 0
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Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University
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