G. Campbell, T. DeFanti, Jeffery E. Frederiksen, S. A. Joyce, L. Leske
Realism in computer graphics typically requires using 24 or more bits/pixel to generate an image. This paper describes a method developed by the authors called "Color Cell Compression" or "CCC" that preserves at least a limited animation and local update capability yet yields extraordinary-looking color images in approximately two bits/pixel independent of image complexity. Three intermediate methods of compressing images to six, four and three bits/pixel respectively are also described. The CCC encoding process for a 640 × 480 image averages 11 seconds on a VAX 11/750, however, the CCC method does permit real-time decoding of these images using software look-up tables and conventional display hardware. The three intermediate methods may also be decoded in real time but have the added advantage of requiring only 3-4 seconds for encoding on a VAX 11/750.
{"title":"Two bit/pixel full color encoding","authors":"G. Campbell, T. DeFanti, Jeffery E. Frederiksen, S. A. Joyce, L. Leske","doi":"10.1145/15922.15910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/15922.15910","url":null,"abstract":"Realism in computer graphics typically requires using 24 or more bits/pixel to generate an image. This paper describes a method developed by the authors called \"Color Cell Compression\" or \"CCC\" that preserves at least a limited animation and local update capability yet yields extraordinary-looking color images in approximately two bits/pixel independent of image complexity. Three intermediate methods of compressing images to six, four and three bits/pixel respectively are also described. The CCC encoding process for a 640 × 480 image averages 11 seconds on a VAX 11/750, however, the CCC method does permit real-time decoding of these images using software look-up tables and conventional display hardware. The three intermediate methods may also be decoded in real time but have the added advantage of requiring only 3-4 seconds for encoding on a VAX 11/750.","PeriodicalId":20524,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","volume":"191 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85123358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paint brushes are modeled as a collection of bristles which evolve over the course of the stroke, leaving a realistic image of a sumi brush stroke. The major representational units are (1) Brush: a compound object composed of bristles, (2) Stroke: a trajectory of position and pressure, (3) Dip: a description of the application of paint to a class of brushes, and (4) Paper: a mapping onto the display device. This modular system allows experimentation with various stochastic models of ink flow and color change. By selecting from a library of brushes, dips, and papers, the stroke can take on a wide variety of expressive textures.
{"title":"Hairy brushes","authors":"S. Strassmann","doi":"10.1145/15922.15911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/15922.15911","url":null,"abstract":"Paint brushes are modeled as a collection of bristles which evolve over the course of the stroke, leaving a realistic image of a sumi brush stroke. The major representational units are (1) Brush: a compound object composed of bristles, (2) Stroke: a trajectory of position and pressure, (3) Dip: a description of the application of paint to a class of brushes, and (4) Paper: a mapping onto the display device. This modular system allows experimentation with various stochastic models of ink flow and color change. By selecting from a library of brushes, dips, and papers, the stroke can take on a wide variety of expressive textures.","PeriodicalId":20524,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84899715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many applications of digital filtering require a space variant filter - one whose shape or size varies with position. The usual algorithm for such filters, direct convolution, is very costly for wide kernels. Image prefiltering provides an efficient alternative. We explore one prefiltering technique, repeated integration, which is a generalization of Crow's summed area table.We find that convolution of a signal with any piecewise polynomial kernel of degree n--1 can be computed by integrating the signal n times and point sampling it several times for each output sample. The use of second or higher order integration permits relatively high quality filtering. The advantage over direct convolution is that the cost of repeated integration filtering does not increase with filter width. Generalization to two-dimensional image filtering is straightforward. Implementations of the simple technique are presented in both preprocessing and stream processing styles.
{"title":"Filtering by repeated integration","authors":"Paul S. Heckbert","doi":"10.1145/15922.15921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/15922.15921","url":null,"abstract":"Many applications of digital filtering require a space variant filter - one whose shape or size varies with position. The usual algorithm for such filters, direct convolution, is very costly for wide kernels. Image prefiltering provides an efficient alternative. We explore one prefiltering technique, repeated integration, which is a generalization of Crow's summed area table.We find that convolution of a signal with any piecewise polynomial kernel of degree n--1 can be computed by integrating the signal n times and point sampling it several times for each output sample. The use of second or higher order integration permits relatively high quality filtering. The advantage over direct convolution is that the cost of repeated integration filtering does not increase with filter width. Generalization to two-dimensional image filtering is straightforward. Implementations of the simple technique are presented in both preprocessing and stream processing styles.","PeriodicalId":20524,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83685999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Switchboard model of user input management is presented which takes advantage of opportunities afforded by a multitasking multiprocessor programming environment. This model further separates application programming from the programming of the interaction dialogues as compared with conventional user interface management systems. It also provides powerful tools for implementing parallel forms of input, is suitable for managing interaction in window-based systems, and is very flexible.The paper describes this Switchboard model and its implementation on top of the Harmony operating system, as well as discussing some of the graphics support needed for the model.
{"title":"A multitasking switchboard approach to user interface management","authors":"P. Tanner, S. MacKay, D. Stewart, M. Wein","doi":"10.1145/15922.15913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/15922.15913","url":null,"abstract":"A Switchboard model of user input management is presented which takes advantage of opportunities afforded by a multitasking multiprocessor programming environment. This model further separates application programming from the programming of the interaction dialogues as compared with conventional user interface management systems. It also provides powerful tools for implementing parallel forms of input, is suitable for managing interaction in window-based systems, and is very flexible.The paper describes this Switchboard model and its implementation on top of the Harmony operating system, as well as discussing some of the graphics support needed for the model.","PeriodicalId":20524,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81158566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","authors":"","doi":"10.1145/15922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/15922","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20524,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86536322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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