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Facilitating maturing of socio-technical patterns through social learning approaches 通过社会学习方法促进社会技术模式的成熟
Christine Kunzmann, Andreas P. Schmidt, Carmen Wolf
Pattern-based approaches are becoming increasingly popular to capture design experiences for a wider audience. This rises to particular importance in participatory processes, such as user-driven design approaches. However, the creation process of such patterns is challenging, especially when it comes to motivational, affective and other soft factors. In this paper, we view the pattern development as a knowledge maturing process, i.e., a process of collective knowledge development. We describe the pattern development process, identify barriers in this process, and explain how various social learning approaches, such as peer coaching, social learning programmes (i.e., online courses with a collaborative focus), and reflective instruments in agile processes contribute to the key issue of decontextualizing and recontextualizing experiences in a continuous way.
基于模式的方法在为更广泛的受众捕获设计体验方面正变得越来越流行。这在参与性过程中尤其重要,例如用户驱动的设计方法。然而,这种模式的创造过程是具有挑战性的,特别是当涉及到动机、情感和其他软因素时。本文将模式发展看作是一个知识成熟的过程,即一个集体知识发展的过程。我们描述了模式开发过程,确定了该过程中的障碍,并解释了敏捷过程中的各种社会学习方法(如同伴指导、社会学习计划(即以协作为重点的在线课程)和反思工具)如何以持续的方式对脱语境化和重新语境化经验的关键问题做出贡献。
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引用次数: 1
Weather-it: evolution of an online community for citizen inquiry Weather-it:公民查询在线社区的演变
M. Aristeidou, E. Scanlon, M. Sharples
While Citizen Science projects involve people in passive or active project tasks, Citizen Inquiry offers the opportunity for deeper involvement through initiating and facilitating science investigations. This study aims to explore the creation and evolution of Weather-it, a Citizen Inquiry online community hosted by the nQuire-it platform. Weather-it enables people to create and maintain their own weather missions (investigations), to which other people can contribute. The evolution of Weather-it community is explored through social network graphs of Weather-it members and their interactions. Information regarding other aspects of the community such as the type of members, their recruitment and motivations, and the identity and sustainability of the community, is collected through a survey comprising open and closed-ended questions. The results indicate differences in these community engagement aspects between Citizen Science and Citizen Inquiry projects, providing insight into the behaviour of people in projects that require more active involvement throughout the scientific investigations.
公民科学项目让人们参与被动或主动的项目任务,而公民探究则通过发起和促进科学调查提供了更深入参与的机会。本研究旨在探讨由询问网平台主办的公民查询在线社区Weather-it的创建与演变。天气—它使人们能够创建和维护他们自己的天气任务(调查),其他人也可以为之做出贡献。通过Weather-it成员的社交网络图和他们之间的互动来探索Weather-it社区的演变。有关社区其他方面的资料,例如成员的类型、他们的招募和动机,以及社区的身份和可持续性,是通过一项包括开放式和封闭式问题的调查收集的。结果表明,公民科学和公民探究项目在这些社区参与方面存在差异,从而深入了解了在整个科学调查过程中需要更积极参与的项目中人们的行为。
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引用次数: 17
Analysis of cyberbullying tweets in trending world events 分析世界热点事件中的网络欺凌推文
Keith Cortis, S. Handschuh
The use of social media amongst children, adolescents and families is nowadays a common practise in our everyday lives. Social networking sites allow social interaction between people through various channels, such as Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and blogs. Even if this interaction is generally healthy, these sites bring several risks, such as cyberbullying, depression and exposure of inappropriate content. In this paper we tackle the problem of cyberbullying via a novel approach that analyses online posts in trending world events. These generally cause a lot of interest and controversy among online Web users. Twitter is the social network of choice, where a large dataset of tweets is collected. The two current world events selected are the Ebola virus outbreak in Africa and the shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri. Collected tweets are carefully analysed to identify the most popular hashtags and named entities used within cyberbullying tweets. This analysis provides a basis towards several useful applications, such as a cyberbullying online post detector for certain current trending world events. This will help reduce the number of cyberbullying cases in social networking sites. Results obtained from this evaluation can be applied to other cyberbullying scenarios.
如今,儿童、青少年和家庭使用社交媒体是我们日常生活中的一种常见做法。社交网站允许人们通过各种渠道进行社交互动,如Twitter、Facebook、YouTube和博客。即使这种互动总体上是健康的,这些网站也会带来一些风险,比如网络欺凌、抑郁和暴露不适当的内容。在本文中,我们通过一种新颖的方法来解决网络欺凌问题,该方法分析了世界事件趋势中的在线帖子。这些通常会引起网络用户的极大兴趣和争议。Twitter是首选的社交网络,它收集了大量的tweet数据集。选择的两个当前的世界事件是非洲的埃博拉病毒爆发和密苏里州弗格森的迈克尔·布朗枪击事件。收集到的推文经过仔细分析,以确定最受欢迎的标签和网络欺凌推文中使用的指定实体。这一分析为一些有用的应用提供了基础,例如针对某些当前世界趋势事件的网络欺凌在线帖子检测器。这将有助于减少社交网站上的网络欺凌案件的数量。该评估结果可应用于其他网络欺凌场景。
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引用次数: 23
Search-based entity disambiguation with document-centric knowledge bases 使用以文档为中心的知识库的基于搜索的实体消歧
Stefan Zwicklbauer, C. Seifert, M. Granitzer
Entity disambiguation is the task of mapping ambiguous terms in natural-language text to its entities in a knowledge base. One possibility to describe these entities within a knowledge base is via entity-annotated documents (document-centric knowledge base). It has been shown that entity disambiguation with search-based algorithms that use document-centric knowledge bases perform well on the biomedical domain. In this context, the question remains how the quantity of annotated entities within documents and the document count used for entity classification influence disambiguation results. Another open question is whether disambiguation results hold true on more general knowledge data sets (e.g. Wikipedia). In our work we implement a search-based, document-centric disambiguation system and explicitly evaluate the mentioned issues on the biomedical data set CALBC and general knowledge data set Wikipedia, respectively. We show that the number of documents used for classification and the amount of annotations within these documents must be well-matched to attain the best result. Additionally, we reveal that disambiguation accuracy is poor on Wikipedia. We show that disambiguation results significantly improve when using shorter but more documents (e.g. Wikipedia paragraphs). Our results indicate that search-based, document-centric disambiguation systems must be carefully adapted with reference to the underlying domain and availability of user data.
实体消歧是将自然语言文本中的歧义术语映射到知识库中的实体的任务。在知识库中描述这些实体的一种可能性是通过实体注释文档(以文档为中心的知识库)。研究表明,使用以文档为中心的知识库的基于搜索的实体消歧算法在生物医学领域表现良好。在这种情况下,问题仍然是文档中注释实体的数量和用于实体分类的文档计数如何影响消歧结果。另一个悬而未决的问题是消歧结果是否适用于更一般的知识数据集(例如维基百科)。在我们的工作中,我们实现了一个基于搜索的、以文档为中心的消歧系统,并分别在生物医学数据集CALBC和通用知识数据集Wikipedia上明确地评估了上述问题。我们表明,用于分类的文档数量和这些文档中的注释数量必须很好地匹配才能获得最佳结果。此外,我们发现维基百科的消歧准确性很差。我们表明,当使用更短但更多的文档(例如维基百科段落)时,消歧结果显着改善。我们的研究结果表明,基于搜索的、以文档为中心的消歧系统必须仔细地根据底层领域和用户数据的可用性进行调整。
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引用次数: 2
The power of provisionality: an experimental evaluation of idea appearance in online knowledge creation 临时性的力量:网络知识创造中思想出现的实验评价
L. McGrath
The software known as creativity support systems (CSS) have become a critical catalyst of the knowledge creation process. Nonaka and Konno integrated CSS into wider knowledge management processes with the concept of ba. Ba are shared spaces in which relationships between knowledge and individuals can develop. This study finds that minor changes to the appearance of icons users interact with in CSS impact user knowledge creation dialogue. Under laboratory conditions, this study uses a 2×2 factorial experiment to investigate the impact of icon and typeface appearance on the idea generation processes of 37 pairs of active managers within a synchronous CSS. Participants used icons which differed on their appearance of finishedness to enter ideas into a shared working space. Some icons looked like rough first drafts, others looked perfectly complete and refined. Participants initial ideas were equally unripe but the icons created different levels of perceived finishedness (PF). Participant ideas were also displayed on-screen using a typeface which was either easy or difficult to cognitively process. Icon PF and typeface processing difficulty level had a crossover interaction effect. A low PF icon and an easy-to-process typeface resulted in more original ideas. Conversely, a high PF icon and a difficult-to-process typeface resulted in less original ideas. These findings and their implications are discussed in terms of enabling spaces, or ba, semantic memory, and difficulty of information processing.
被称为创造力支持系统(CSS)的软件已经成为知识创造过程的关键催化剂。Nonaka和Konno通过ba的概念将CSS集成到更广泛的知识管理过程中。Ba是共享的空间,知识和个人之间的关系可以在其中发展。本研究发现,用户在CSS中与之交互的图标外观的微小变化会影响用户的知识创造对话。在实验室条件下,本研究采用2×2因子实验研究了图标和字体外观对同步CSS中37对主动管理者的想法产生过程的影响。参与者使用不同完成程度的图标将想法输入共享的工作空间。有些图标看起来像是粗糙的初稿,有些则看起来完美无缺。参与者最初的想法同样不成熟,但这些图标创造了不同程度的感知完成度(PF)。参与者的想法也用一种容易或难以认知的字体显示在屏幕上。图标PF与字体处理难度有交叉交互效应。低PF图标和易于处理的字体产生了更多的原创想法。相反,高PF图标和难以处理的字体会导致原创想法的减少。这些发现和它们的意义在启用空间,或ba,语义记忆和信息处理的难度方面进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 1
Data citation quantity and quality in research output of a large-scale educational panel study 大型教育小组研究成果的数据引用数量与质量
Nadine Mahrholz, Anke Reinhold, Marc Rittberger
In this paper, we report preliminary results of a small-scale case study about the data citation quantity and quality in research output of the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), a longitudinal study analyzing educational processes in Germany across the lifespan. In order to collect research output based on NEPS data, we searched for and examined publications of a randomly selected sample of 72 NEPS data users. Altogether, we found 18 publications to be relevant for citation analysis. Compared to previous studies, the citation behavior in our sample can be assessed as better. However, publications often lack the inclusion of central data citation elements, such as a persistent identifier. The quality of data citations seems to vary across different types of research output. In a follow-up study, we plan to do a comprehensive sampling and analysis of NEPS related research output in order to verify our findings, and also to include further panel studies to compare citation behavior across different studies.
在本文中,我们报告了一项关于国家教育小组研究(NEPS)研究成果中数据引用数量和质量的小规模案例研究的初步结果,NEPS是一项分析德国整个生命周期教育过程的纵向研究。为了收集基于NEPS数据的研究成果,我们随机选择了72个NEPS数据用户的样本进行检索和检查。我们总共发现了18篇与引文分析相关的论文。与以往的研究相比,我们的样本可以更好地评估引文行为。然而,出版物通常缺乏中心数据引用元素,例如持久标识符。数据引用的质量似乎因不同类型的研究成果而异。在后续研究中,我们计划对NEPS相关的研究成果进行全面的抽样和分析,以验证我们的发现,并包括进一步的小组研究,以比较不同研究的引用行为。
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引用次数: 0
A platform for contextual multimedia data: towards a unified metadata model and querying 上下文多媒体数据平台:迈向统一的元数据模型和查询
K. Schlegel, Emanuel Berndl, M. Granitzer, H. Kosch, T. Kurz
Whereas the former Web mostly consisted of information represented in textual documents, nowadays the Web includes a huge number of multimedia documents like videos, photos, and audio. This enormous increase in volume in the private, and above all in the industry sector, makes it more and more difficult to find relevant information. Besides the pure management of multimedia documents, finding hidden semantics and interconnections of heterogeneous cross-media content is a crucial task and stays mostly untouched. To overcome this tendency we see the need for a generic cross-media analysis platform, ranging from extracting relevant features from media objects over representing and publishing extraction results to integrated querying of aggregated findings. In this paper we propose the underlying foundation for a common and contextual multimedia platform in terms of an unified model for publishing multimedia analysis results. The proposed model is based on existing ontologies, adapted and extended to the cross-media environment. Besides the introduction of the already mentioned platform and model, this paper also briefly introduces specific use-case applications as well as possibilities to query the persisted data.
以前的Web主要由文本文档表示的信息组成,而现在的Web包含大量的多媒体文档,如视频、照片和音频。在私营部门,尤其是在工业部门,这种数量的巨大增长使得越来越难以找到相关信息。除了对多媒体文档的纯粹管理之外,寻找异构跨媒体内容的隐藏语义和相互联系也是一项重要的任务,而且大部分都没有触及到。为了克服这种趋势,我们认为需要一个通用的跨媒体分析平台,从从媒体对象中提取相关特征到表示和发布提取结果,再到对聚合结果进行集成查询。在本文中,我们从发布多媒体分析结果的统一模型的角度提出了一个通用的上下文多媒体平台的底层基础。提出的模型基于现有的本体,适应并扩展到跨媒体环境。除了介绍前面提到的平台和模型之外,本文还简要介绍了特定的用例应用程序以及查询持久化数据的可能性。
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引用次数: 2
A vulnerability's lifetime: enhancing version information in CVE databases 漏洞的生存期:增强CVE数据库中的版本信息
Leonid Glanz, Sebastian Schmidt, S. Wollny, Ben Hermann
The National Vulnerability Database (NVD) is a rich source of information for system administrators, software engineers, IT security consultants, and researchers in software security. Relevant information is provided in machine readable form and hence can be used for automated software security management. However, we discovered that information on affected software versions and fix information is not always available in structured form. We therefore propose to enrich the NVD database with this information and use a rule-based approach to extract this information from the informal vulnerability description. Such information is useful in software development to exchange or avoid vulnerable components as well as in security research for directed cause analysis.
国家漏洞数据库(National Vulnerability Database, NVD)是系统管理员、软件工程师、IT安全顾问和软件安全研究人员的丰富信息源。相关信息以机器可读的形式提供,因此可用于自动化软件安全管理。然而,我们发现有关受影响的软件版本和修复信息的信息并不总是以结构化的形式提供。因此,我们建议用这些信息丰富NVD数据库,并使用基于规则的方法从非正式漏洞描述中提取这些信息。这些信息在软件开发中非常有用,可以交换或避免易受攻击的组件,也可以用于直接原因分析的安全性研究。
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引用次数: 12
Learning from the uncertain: leveraging social communities to generate reliable training data for visual concept detection tasks 从不确定中学习:利用社会群体为视觉概念检测任务生成可靠的训练数据
C. Hentschel, Harald Sack
Recent advances for visual concept detection based on deep convolutional neural networks have only been successful because of the availability of huge training datasets provided by benchmarking initiatives such as ImageNet. Assembly of reliably annotated training data still is a largely manual effort and can only be approached efficiently as crowd-working tasks. On the other hand, user generated photos and annotations are available at almost no costs in social photo communities such as Flickr. Leveraging the information available in these communities may help to extend existing datasets as well as to create new ones for completely different classification scenarios. However, user generated annotations of photos are known to be incomplete, subjective and do not necessarily relate to the depicted content. In this paper, we therefore present an approach to reliably identify photos relevant for a given visual concept category. We have downloaded additional metadata for 1 million Flickr images and have trained a language model based on user generated annotations. Relevance estimation is based on accordance of an image's annotation data with our language model and on subsequent visual re-ranking. Experimental results demonstrate the potential of the proposed method -- comparison with a baseline approach based on single tag matching shows significant improvements.
基于深度卷积神经网络的视觉概念检测的最新进展之所以取得成功,是因为ImageNet等基准测试计划提供了大量的训练数据集。可靠标注的训练数据的组装仍然是一个很大程度上的手工工作,只能作为群体工作任务来有效地接近。另一方面,用户生成的照片和注释在Flickr等社交照片社区中几乎是免费的。利用这些社区中可用的信息可能有助于扩展现有的数据集,并为完全不同的分类场景创建新的数据集。然而,众所周知,用户生成的照片注释是不完整的,主观的,并不一定与所描述的内容相关。因此,在本文中,我们提出了一种可靠地识别与给定视觉概念类别相关的照片的方法。我们已经为100万张Flickr图片下载了额外的元数据,并基于用户生成的注释训练了一个语言模型。相关性估计是基于图像标注数据与我们的语言模型的一致性以及随后的视觉重新排序。实验结果证明了该方法的潜力——与基于单标签匹配的基线方法进行比较显示出显着的改进。
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引用次数: 0
Fostering open science to research using a taxonomy and an eLearning portal 使用分类法和电子学习门户网站促进开放科学研究
Nancy Pontika, Petr Knoth, M. Cancellieri, Samuel Pearce
The term "Open Science" is recently widely used, but it is still unclear to many research stakeholders - funders, policy makers, researchers, administrators, librarians and repository managers - how Open Science can be achieved. FOSTER (Facilitate Open Science Training for European Research) is a European Commission funded project, which is developing an e-learning portal to support the training of a wide range of stakeholders in Open Science and related areas. In 2014 the FOSTER project co-funded 28 training activities in Open Science, which include more than 110 events, while in 2015 the project has supported 24 community training events in 18 countries. In this paper, we describe the FOSTER approach in structuring the Open Science domain for educational purposes, present the functionality of the FOSTER training portal and discuss its use and potential for training the key stakeholders using self-learning and blended-learning methods.
“开放科学”这个术语最近被广泛使用,但是对于许多研究利益相关者——资助者、政策制定者、研究人员、管理人员、图书馆员和存储库管理人员——如何实现开放科学仍然不清楚。FOSTER(促进欧洲研究的开放科学培训)是一个欧盟委员会资助的项目,它正在开发一个电子学习门户网站,以支持开放科学和相关领域的广泛利益相关者的培训。2014年,FOSTER项目共同资助了28项开放科学培训活动,其中包括110多项活动,而2015年,该项目在18个国家支持了24项社区培训活动。在本文中,我们描述了构建开放科学教育领域的FOSTER方法,展示了FOSTER培训门户的功能,并讨论了其使用自学和混合学习方法培训关键利益相关者的用途和潜力。
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引用次数: 94
期刊
Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Knowledge Technologies and Data-driven Business
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