Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1373.1999.09996.pp.x
Brandon J. Biesiadecki, P. H. Brand, L. Koch, S. Britton
Currently available methods for the measurement of spontaneous activity of laboratory animals require expensive, specialized equipment and may not be suitable for use in low light conditions with nocturnal species. We developed a gravimetric method that uses common laboratory equipment to quantify the total spontaneous activity of rats and is suitable for use in the dark. The rat in its home cage is placed on a top-loading electronic balance interfaced to a computer. Movements are recorded by the balance as changes in weight and transmitted to the computer at 10 Hz. Data are analyzed on-line to derive the absolute value of the difference in weight between consecutive samples, and the one-second average of the absolute values is calculated. The averages are written to file for off-line analysis and summed over the desired observation period to provide a measure of total spontaneous activity. The results of in vitro experiments demonstrated that: 1) recorded weight changes were not influenced by position of the weight on the bottom of the cage, 2) values recorded from a series of weight changes were not significantly different from the calculated values, 3) the constantly decreasing force exerted by a swinging pendulum placed on the balance was accurately recorded, 4) the measurement of activity was not influenced by the evaporation of a fluid such as urine, and 5) the method can detect differences in the activity of sleeping and waking rats over a 10-min period, as well as during 4-hr intervals recorded during active (night-time) and inactive (daytime) periods. These results demonstrate that this method provides an inexpensive, accurate, and noninvasive method to quantitate the spontaneous activity of small animals.
{"title":"A gravimetric method for the measurement of total spontaneous activity in rats.","authors":"Brandon J. Biesiadecki, P. H. Brand, L. Koch, S. Britton","doi":"10.1111/j.1525-1373.1999.09996.pp.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1373.1999.09996.pp.x","url":null,"abstract":"Currently available methods for the measurement of spontaneous activity of laboratory animals require expensive, specialized equipment and may not be suitable for use in low light conditions with nocturnal species. We developed a gravimetric method that uses common laboratory equipment to quantify the total spontaneous activity of rats and is suitable for use in the dark. The rat in its home cage is placed on a top-loading electronic balance interfaced to a computer. Movements are recorded by the balance as changes in weight and transmitted to the computer at 10 Hz. Data are analyzed on-line to derive the absolute value of the difference in weight between consecutive samples, and the one-second average of the absolute values is calculated. The averages are written to file for off-line analysis and summed over the desired observation period to provide a measure of total spontaneous activity. The results of in vitro experiments demonstrated that: 1) recorded weight changes were not influenced by position of the weight on the bottom of the cage, 2) values recorded from a series of weight changes were not significantly different from the calculated values, 3) the constantly decreasing force exerted by a swinging pendulum placed on the balance was accurately recorded, 4) the measurement of activity was not influenced by the evaporation of a fluid such as urine, and 5) the method can detect differences in the activity of sleeping and waking rats over a 10-min period, as well as during 4-hr intervals recorded during active (night-time) and inactive (daytime) periods. These results demonstrate that this method provides an inexpensive, accurate, and noninvasive method to quantitate the spontaneous activity of small animals.","PeriodicalId":20618,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72975745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1142/s0219691303000086
Bartke
{"title":"Message from the editor-in-chief","authors":"Bartke","doi":"10.1142/s0219691303000086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219691303000086","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20618,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89034128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1373.1999.09993.pp.x
Juan J. Calvete
Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa complex (integrin alphaIIbbeta3) is the most abundant platelet receptor. It serves as an inducible receptor for adhesive proteins and is the best-studied member of the integrin family. Its major global structural features have been elucidated mainly during the last decade. Since 1995, there has been a substantial increase in structural information on adhesion molecule domains. The crystal structures of isolated integrin I domains have been solved. Although a high resolution picture of a whole integrin molecule is not yet available, the crystal structures together with biochemical, mutagenesis and modeling data provide a useful framework for interpreting current experimental evidence on structure-function correlations of integrin molecules and for guiding further experiment. The aim of this minireview is to update a previous one summarizing recent (1995-98) functional and structural data of GPIIb/IIIa and other integrins in the perspective of an emerging model of the structure, and bidirectional signaling mechanism through, integrin alphaIIbbeta3.
{"title":"Platelet integrin GPIIb/IIIa: structure-function correlations. An update and lessons from other integrins.","authors":"Juan J. Calvete","doi":"10.1111/j.1525-1373.1999.09993.pp.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1373.1999.09993.pp.x","url":null,"abstract":"Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa complex (integrin alphaIIbbeta3) is the most abundant platelet receptor. It serves as an inducible receptor for adhesive proteins and is the best-studied member of the integrin family. Its major global structural features have been elucidated mainly during the last decade. Since 1995, there has been a substantial increase in structural information on adhesion molecule domains. The crystal structures of isolated integrin I domains have been solved. Although a high resolution picture of a whole integrin molecule is not yet available, the crystal structures together with biochemical, mutagenesis and modeling data provide a useful framework for interpreting current experimental evidence on structure-function correlations of integrin molecules and for guiding further experiment. The aim of this minireview is to update a previous one summarizing recent (1995-98) functional and structural data of GPIIb/IIIa and other integrins in the perspective of an emerging model of the structure, and bidirectional signaling mechanism through, integrin alphaIIbbeta3.","PeriodicalId":20618,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85494637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1373.2000.22411.x
K. Greer, D. R. Anderson, R. Hammond, L. Stephenson
During the last several years, there has been intense worldwide interest concerning the use of skeletal muscle as a form of cardiac assistance. For over 10,000 people in the United States diagnosed each year with irreversible heart failure, the 1-year mortality approaches 50%. This comes despite recent advances in medical therapy, heart transplantation, and the artificial heart program. Because of the limitations of these treatments in terms of effectiveness, cost, and availability, we have used a different approach for cardiac augmentation. Skeletal muscle is shaped into the form of a pumping chamber and then used to aid the function of the failing myocardium. Another approach is cardiomyoplasty, where the latissimus dorsi muscle is wrapped around the heart and stimulated to contract in synchrony with the patient's failing myocardium. More than 500 patients have undergone cardiomyoplasty worldwide. These two areas of investigation represent the principle methods for skeletal muscle cardiac assistance.
{"title":"Skeletal muscle as a myocardial substitute.","authors":"K. Greer, D. R. Anderson, R. Hammond, L. Stephenson","doi":"10.1111/j.1525-1373.2000.22411.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1373.2000.22411.x","url":null,"abstract":"During the last several years, there has been intense worldwide interest concerning the use of skeletal muscle as a form of cardiac assistance. For over 10,000 people in the United States diagnosed each year with irreversible heart failure, the 1-year mortality approaches 50%. This comes despite recent advances in medical therapy, heart transplantation, and the artificial heart program. Because of the limitations of these treatments in terms of effectiveness, cost, and availability, we have used a different approach for cardiac augmentation. Skeletal muscle is shaped into the form of a pumping chamber and then used to aid the function of the failing myocardium. Another approach is cardiomyoplasty, where the latissimus dorsi muscle is wrapped around the heart and stimulated to contract in synchrony with the patient's failing myocardium. More than 500 patients have undergone cardiomyoplasty worldwide. These two areas of investigation represent the principle methods for skeletal muscle cardiac assistance.","PeriodicalId":20618,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87119667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8397-9_10
C. Smidt, F. Steinberg, R. Rucker
{"title":"Physiologic importance of pyrroloquinoline quinone.","authors":"C. Smidt, F. Steinberg, R. Rucker","doi":"10.1007/978-3-0348-8397-9_10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8397-9_10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20618,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73644442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-09-01DOI: 10.1097/00006254-198709000-00006
L. Jovanovič, M. Singh, B. Saxena, J. Mills, D. Tulchinsky, L. Holmes, J. Simpson, B. Metzger, A. Labarbera, J. Aarons
Tests for the diagnosis of early pregnancy have been available since 1974. However, no studies have systematically verified the accuracy of routine clinical laboratories in measuring human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) prior to the time that pregnancy is clinically evident. We have conducted such a study in association with the NICHD-funded Diabetes in Early Pregnancy Study (DIEP). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the etiology of malformations in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus, which probably occurs within the first few weeks of pregnancy, and therefore uniformity of pregnancy testing was necessary among the five centers to find an association of a teratogen at the time of organogenesis. We confirmed that routine clinical laboratories, in fact, could measure accurately hCG at the time of the missed menses; however, detection was not necessarily possible prior to that time. We conclude that in order to assure accurate diagnosis of early pregnancy, tests should ordinarily be delayed until time of the missed menses. When the test is used at this time, it is a reliable tool for early pregnancy testing and thus can be used to resolve questions relating to early pregnancy pathophysiology.
{"title":"Verification of early pregnancy tests in a multicenter trial.","authors":"L. Jovanovič, M. Singh, B. Saxena, J. Mills, D. Tulchinsky, L. Holmes, J. Simpson, B. Metzger, A. Labarbera, J. Aarons","doi":"10.1097/00006254-198709000-00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006254-198709000-00006","url":null,"abstract":"Tests for the diagnosis of early pregnancy have been available since 1974. However, no studies have systematically verified the accuracy of routine clinical laboratories in measuring human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) prior to the time that pregnancy is clinically evident. We have conducted such a study in association with the NICHD-funded Diabetes in Early Pregnancy Study (DIEP). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the etiology of malformations in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus, which probably occurs within the first few weeks of pregnancy, and therefore uniformity of pregnancy testing was necessary among the five centers to find an association of a teratogen at the time of organogenesis. We confirmed that routine clinical laboratories, in fact, could measure accurately hCG at the time of the missed menses; however, detection was not necessarily possible prior to that time. We conclude that in order to assure accurate diagnosis of early pregnancy, tests should ordinarily be delayed until time of the missed menses. When the test is used at this time, it is a reliable tool for early pregnancy testing and thus can be used to resolve questions relating to early pregnancy pathophysiology.","PeriodicalId":20618,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84323110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-04-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1525-1373.2000.22316.X
A. Meltzer
The winner is he who gives himself to his work, body and soul. No one ever had a more inspiring life than Dr. Meltzer so far as life was concerned in scientific endeavor and efforts on behalf of other investigators. For this poor Russian emigrant accomplished the impossible.
{"title":"Samuel James Meltzer, M.D. March 22, 1851-November 7, 1920.","authors":"A. Meltzer","doi":"10.1111/J.1525-1373.2000.22316.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1525-1373.2000.22316.X","url":null,"abstract":"The winner is he who gives himself to his work, body and soul. No one ever had a more inspiring life than Dr. Meltzer so far as life was concerned in scientific endeavor and efforts on behalf of other investigators. For this poor Russian emigrant accomplished the impossible.","PeriodicalId":20618,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78290229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-11-01DOI: 10.1097/00005344-198611000-00125
J. Saavedra, A. Israel, F. Corrêa, M. Kurihara
Binding sites for rat atrial natriuretic peptide (6-33) (ANP) were quantitated in the subfornical organ of chronically dehydrated homozygous Brattleboro rats unable to synthesize vasopressin; heterozygous Brattleboro rats, their controls, Long Evans rats and Long Evans rats after 4 days of water deprivation. Brain sections were incubated in the presence of 125I-ANP and the results analyzed by autoradiography coupled to computerized microdensitometry and comparison to 125I-standards. Brattleboro rats and water deprived Long Evans rats presented a higher number of ANP binding sites than their normally hydrated controls. Our results suggest a role of ANP binding sites in the subfornical organ in the central regulation of fluid balance and vasopressin secretion.
{"title":"Increased atrial natriuretic peptide (6-33) binding sites in the subfornical organ of water deprived and Brattleboro rats.","authors":"J. Saavedra, A. Israel, F. Corrêa, M. Kurihara","doi":"10.1097/00005344-198611000-00125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-198611000-00125","url":null,"abstract":"Binding sites for rat atrial natriuretic peptide (6-33) (ANP) were quantitated in the subfornical organ of chronically dehydrated homozygous Brattleboro rats unable to synthesize vasopressin; heterozygous Brattleboro rats, their controls, Long Evans rats and Long Evans rats after 4 days of water deprivation. Brain sections were incubated in the presence of 125I-ANP and the results analyzed by autoradiography coupled to computerized microdensitometry and comparison to 125I-standards. Brattleboro rats and water deprived Long Evans rats presented a higher number of ANP binding sites than their normally hydrated controls. Our results suggest a role of ANP binding sites in the subfornical organ in the central regulation of fluid balance and vasopressin secretion.","PeriodicalId":20618,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83935906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-01-01DOI: 10.1016/8756-3282(86)90353-4
H. Wald, T. Hayek, M. Popovtzer
{"title":"24,25(OH)2D3 enhances the calcemic effect of 1,25(OH)2D3.","authors":"H. Wald, T. Hayek, M. Popovtzer","doi":"10.1016/8756-3282(86)90353-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/8756-3282(86)90353-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20618,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85511691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3205-0_31
J. Story
{"title":"Dietary fiber and lipid metabolism.","authors":"J. Story","doi":"10.1007/978-94-009-3205-0_31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3205-0_31","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20618,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77778375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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