Empires are an extraordinary phenomenon in the history of mankind. The study of empires requires scientific understanding, thoughtful comparison and deep analysis. Such way of studding the comparative approach of the problem has arisen that will help us understand the nature of the emergence and disappearance of imperial formations, find answers to difficult questions: how empires grew, for what reasons some of them were powerful and others weak, why some empires disappeared and others flourished (John Hutchinson, 2017). Is there a connection between the instability of power, coups and the death of empires? And finally, what are the consequences for world development of the disappearance of imperial formations. Among the reasons for the demise of empires, researchers single out political and economic problems, social and cultural issues, and environmental challenges. The author of the article tries to explain how the Moscow Empire was formed and how the Russian Empire manages to survive despite a number of dangerous challenges. In the submitted article prof. L.Chekalenko for the first time revealed the phenomenon of "saving" the empire in historical and political dimensions. The author discovered that Russia was saved by its vassals – conquered peoples. So, the article examines the factors that support and revive imperial formations, and also makes cautious assumptions about the future scenarios of the development of events surrounding the current situation.
{"title":"REVIVAL OF THE EVIL EMPIRE AS A THREAT TO HUMANITY","authors":"L. Chekalenko","doi":"10.23856/6219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23856/6219","url":null,"abstract":"Empires are an extraordinary phenomenon in the history of mankind. The study of empires requires scientific understanding, thoughtful comparison and deep analysis. Such way of studding the comparative approach of the problem has arisen that will help us understand the nature of the emergence and disappearance of imperial formations, find answers to difficult questions: how empires grew, for what reasons some of them were powerful and others weak, why some empires disappeared and others flourished (John Hutchinson, 2017). Is there a connection between the instability of power, coups and the death of empires? And finally, what are the consequences for world development of the disappearance of imperial formations. Among the reasons for the demise of empires, researchers single out political and economic problems, social and cultural issues, and environmental challenges. The author of the article tries to explain how the Moscow Empire was formed and how the Russian Empire manages to survive despite a number of dangerous challenges. In the submitted article prof. L.Chekalenko for the first time revealed the phenomenon of \"saving\" the empire in historical and political dimensions. The author discovered that Russia was saved by its vassals – conquered peoples. So, the article examines the factors that support and revive imperial formations, and also makes cautious assumptions about the future scenarios of the development of events surrounding the current situation.","PeriodicalId":207726,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Polonia University","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141668728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the analysis and development of methodological recommendations for the successful implementation of the competence-based approach in the higher education system of Ukraine. The authors describe the main aspects of the competency-based approach, its advantages, features of implementation, as well as possible obstacles and challenges that may arise during its implementation. The article discusses the key principles of the competency-based approach, such as the active role of the learner, focus on competence development, integrated, individualised learning and assessment of acquired skills. Methodological advice is provided on the organisation of the educational process, the choice of methods and techniques, as well as the assessment of learning outcomes. It is established that the transition to learning with a focus on key competencies is an important step in preparing students for life in the modern information and globalised world, where the ability to adapt, analyse and solve problems is critical. 'Based on the author's analysis, recommendations for the practical application of the competence-based approach in the educational process of higher education institutions in Ukraine are given. The study is an important source of information for teachers, educators, researchers, administrators of educational institutions and other participants in the educational process who are interested in modernising and improving the quality of higher education in Ukraine through the implementation of a competency-based approach. The practical value of this study lies in the possibility of practical application of its results to form an objective view of the implementation of the competence approach in modern higher education.
{"title":"IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMPETENCE-BASED APPROACH: METHODOLOGICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION IN UKRAINE","authors":"Yuliia Romanyshyn, Iryna Briukhovetska","doi":"10.23856/6213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23856/6213","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis and development of methodological recommendations for the successful implementation of the competence-based approach in the higher education system of Ukraine. The authors describe the main aspects of the competency-based approach, its advantages, features of implementation, as well as possible obstacles and challenges that may arise during its implementation. The article discusses the key principles of the competency-based approach, such as the active role of the learner, focus on competence development, integrated, individualised learning and assessment of acquired skills. Methodological advice is provided on the organisation of the educational process, the choice of methods and techniques, as well as the assessment of learning outcomes. It is established that the transition to learning with a focus on key competencies is an important step in preparing students for life in the modern information and globalised world, where the ability to adapt, analyse and solve problems is critical. 'Based on the author's analysis, recommendations for the practical application of the competence-based approach in the educational process of higher education institutions in Ukraine are given. The study is an important source of information for teachers, educators, researchers, administrators of educational institutions and other participants in the educational process who are interested in modernising and improving the quality of higher education in Ukraine through the implementation of a competency-based approach. The practical value of this study lies in the possibility of practical application of its results to form an objective view of the implementation of the competence approach in modern higher education.","PeriodicalId":207726,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Polonia University","volume":"120 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L’article est consacré à l’étude des relations sémantiques des comparaisons stables avec le composant "nom d’une fleur". Sur la base des langues ukrainienne, anglaise et française, les caractéristiques universelles et ethnospécifiques de la sémantique des unités phraséologiques comparatives sont mises en évidence. La sémantique des unités phraséologiques comportant le composant "nom de la fleur" avec un marqueur de genre est motivée par la composante ethnoculturelle de la structure sémantique des unités phraséologiques, qui véhicule les idées stéréotypées des locuteurs natifs sur les rôles des hommes et des femmes, leurs traditions culturelles et les propriétés magiques attribuées aux fleurs. La tendance à l’étiquetage du genre est la plus prononcée en ukrainien et la moins prononcée en anglais. L’analyse des combinaisons de mots stables en termes de genre montre la plus grande tendance à l’andrométrie dans le corpus de phrases françaises, et à la gynométrie dans le corpus ukrainien. La phraséologie anglaise est caractérisée par l’intergenderisme.
{"title":"LA SIGNIFICATION SÉMANTIQUE DES PARAPHRASES COMPARATIVES AVEC LE COMPOSANT “NOM DE LA FLEUR” (SUR LA BASE DU MATÉRIEL UKRAINIEN, ANGLAIS ET FRANÇAIS)","authors":"Tetiana Aleksakhina, Oksana Nefedchenko","doi":"10.23856/6301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23856/6301","url":null,"abstract":"L’article est consacré à l’étude des relations sémantiques des comparaisons stables avec le composant \"nom d’une fleur\". Sur la base des langues ukrainienne, anglaise et française, les caractéristiques universelles et ethnospécifiques de la sémantique des unités phraséologiques comparatives sont mises en évidence. La sémantique des unités phraséologiques comportant le composant \"nom de la fleur\" avec un marqueur de genre est motivée par la composante ethnoculturelle de la structure sémantique des unités phraséologiques, qui véhicule les idées stéréotypées des locuteurs natifs sur les rôles des hommes et des femmes, leurs traditions culturelles et les propriétés magiques attribuées aux fleurs. La tendance à l’étiquetage du genre est la plus prononcée en ukrainien et la moins prononcée en anglais. L’analyse des combinaisons de mots stables en termes de genre montre la plus grande tendance à l’andrométrie dans le corpus de phrases françaises, et à la gynométrie dans le corpus ukrainien. La phraséologie anglaise est caractérisée par l’intergenderisme.","PeriodicalId":207726,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Polonia University","volume":"116 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relevance of the chosen topic is defined in the article. The essence of the concept of HR-management and personnel management is considered. The main differences in the application of HR-management and personnel management are studied. The scientific approaches to consider the elements of the personnel management system are defined. The values of personnel management are considered. The main components of personnel management in war conditions are studied. The functions of personnel management are defined. Challenges that arise in the personnel management system in connection with the beginning of military operations on the territory of Ukraine are considered. The dynamics of changes in the volume of average monthly salaries of employees and the level of unemployment in Ukraine are studied. According to the results of the review of the considered indicators trends changing, it`s possible to confirm that there is a multidirectional change in the average monthly salaries of employees and the unemployment rate in Ukraine. The importance of providing support to personnel who continues to work despite all the difficulties that arise today and may arise in the future is determined. The experience of remote control of the company`s personnel in the war conditions to ensure work efficiency and safety of employees is studied. A set of measures, aimed at supporting personnel in war conditions, are developed. The results of the conducted research are summarized and the prospects for continuing the research on the chosen topic are avaluated.
{"title":"HR-MANAGEMENT DURING THE WAR: PERSONNEL SUPPORT","authors":"Serhii Zubarev","doi":"10.23856/6328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23856/6328","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the chosen topic is defined in the article. The essence of the concept of HR-management and personnel management is considered. The main differences in the application of HR-management and personnel management are studied. The scientific approaches to consider the elements of the personnel management system are defined. The values of personnel management are considered. The main components of personnel management in war conditions are studied. The functions of personnel management are defined. Challenges that arise in the personnel management system in connection with the beginning of military operations on the territory of Ukraine are considered. The dynamics of changes in the volume of average monthly salaries of employees and the level of unemployment in Ukraine are studied. According to the results of the review of the considered indicators trends changing, it`s possible to confirm that there is a multidirectional change in the average monthly salaries of employees and the unemployment rate in Ukraine. The importance of providing support to personnel who continues to work despite all the difficulties that arise today and may arise in the future is determined. The experience of remote control of the company`s personnel in the war conditions to ensure work efficiency and safety of employees is studied. A set of measures, aimed at supporting personnel in war conditions, are developed. The results of the conducted research are summarized and the prospects for continuing the research on the chosen topic are avaluated.","PeriodicalId":207726,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Polonia University","volume":" 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Establishing a municipal governance system is a long process focused on selecting the best practices that have proven to be effective and efficient. One of the methods is the transit of elements of municipal systems borrowed from other countries. The experience of ensuring democratic participation of the community formed in Germany is of interest. The purpose of the article is to identify the components of the German model of municipal governance that can be used by Ukraine to improve the efficiency of the national system of local self-government and bring it closer to EU standards. The elements of the comparative analysis in the article are the analysis of the institutional model of municipal governance and its state and political basis; determination of the specifics of the distribution of powers between the state and local governments and the nature of community participation in local self-government; characterization of the system of financial guarantees and the budget system; determination of the principles of cooperation and coordination of municipalities. The article uses the methodology of comparative analysis based on the identification and analysis of the legal, structural, organizational, political and economic components of municipal governance in Ukraine and Germany.
{"title":"MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE IN GERMANY: PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR UKRAINE","authors":"Kateryna Akula","doi":"10.23856/6218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23856/6218","url":null,"abstract":"Establishing a municipal governance system is a long process focused on selecting the best practices that have proven to be effective and efficient. One of the methods is the transit of elements of municipal systems borrowed from other countries. The experience of ensuring democratic participation of the community formed in Germany is of interest. The purpose of the article is to identify the components of the German model of municipal governance that can be used by Ukraine to improve the efficiency of the national system of local self-government and bring it closer to EU standards. The elements of the comparative analysis in the article are the analysis of the institutional model of municipal governance and its state and political basis; determination of the specifics of the distribution of powers between the state and local governments and the nature of community participation in local self-government; characterization of the system of financial guarantees and the budget system; determination of the principles of cooperation and coordination of municipalities. The article uses the methodology of comparative analysis based on the identification and analysis of the legal, structural, organizational, political and economic components of municipal governance in Ukraine and Germany.","PeriodicalId":207726,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Polonia University","volume":" 1235","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141668898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the article the importance of developing communicative competence of students at English lessons, as one of the backgrounds for forming an individual is considered. The recent studies of solving this issue, as one of the necessary conditions in learning a foreign language, are overviewed. In the article the notion “communicative competence” and its components are determined: grammatical competence, discourse competence, that is the ability to build sentences in discourse for the purpose of forming meaningful integrity from a set of utterances, sociolinguistic competence, which lies in understanding the right usage of language standards, that depend on a particular context and strategic competence, which determines language techniques, that are used when interlocutors have a communication gap as a result of imperfect language knowledge. These techniques include: correction, paraphrase, parable, repetition and pause. The article exercises, tasks for developing communicative competence worked out by its author. Special attention is paid to the brainstorming activities, as an example, the author gives spidergram “Teacher”. The developed approach allows to monitor communicative competence development of students and to fulfil additional methodological approaches for developing creative activities of students.
{"title":"DEVELOPING COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS AT ENGLISH LESSONS","authors":"Halyna Shyian","doi":"10.23856/6215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23856/6215","url":null,"abstract":"In the article the importance of developing communicative competence of students at English lessons, as one of the backgrounds for forming an individual is considered. The recent studies of solving this issue, as one of the necessary conditions in learning a foreign language, are overviewed. In the article the notion “communicative competence” and its components are determined: grammatical competence, discourse competence, that is the ability to build sentences in discourse for the purpose of forming meaningful integrity from a set of utterances, sociolinguistic competence, which lies in understanding the right usage of language standards, that depend on a particular context and strategic competence, which determines language techniques, that are used when interlocutors have a communication gap as a result of imperfect language knowledge. These techniques include: correction, paraphrase, parable, repetition and pause. The article exercises, tasks for developing communicative competence worked out by its author. Special attention is paid to the brainstorming activities, as an example, the author gives spidergram “Teacher”. The developed approach allows to monitor communicative competence development of students and to fulfil additional methodological approaches for developing creative activities of students.","PeriodicalId":207726,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Polonia University","volume":"2 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article defines public-private-civil partnership as a principle of involving all interested parties in the process of management and reform of higher education at the local level; the reasons for optimization of higher educational institutions due to demographic and economic crises that worsened in 2022 as a result of the armed aggression on the territory of Ukraine, have been clarified; the options for optimizing higher educational institutions are proposed (a standard one – reorganization with the joining of a number of small branch institutions to a large university; collegial – creation of new institutions of higher education on contractual collegial conditions following the example of universities in Great Britain) as well as possible organizational and legal forms of their further functioning; the need to use quality performance indicators during decision-making related to the reorganization of the university is outlined; the criteria for the optimization of higher educational institutions, which are characterized by quantitative indicators (the contingent of the recipients of higher education and the number of residents of the territorial community where the educational institution is located) are theoretically analysed.
{"title":"EDUCATIONAL POLICY OF UKRAINE REGARDING OPTIMIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AT THE EXPENSE OF CREATION OF INNOVATIVE CENTRES OF HIGHER EDUCATION","authors":"Illia Lysokon","doi":"10.23856/6225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23856/6225","url":null,"abstract":"The article defines public-private-civil partnership as a principle of involving all interested parties in the process of management and reform of higher education at the local level; the reasons for optimization of higher educational institutions due to demographic and economic crises that worsened in 2022 as a result of the armed aggression on the territory of Ukraine, have been clarified; the options for optimizing higher educational institutions are proposed (a standard one – reorganization with the joining of a number of small branch institutions to a large university; collegial – creation of new institutions of higher education on contractual collegial conditions following the example of universities in Great Britain) as well as possible organizational and legal forms of their further functioning; the need to use quality performance indicators during decision-making related to the reorganization of the university is outlined; the criteria for the optimization of higher educational institutions, which are characterized by quantitative indicators (the contingent of the recipients of higher education and the number of residents of the territorial community where the educational institution is located) are theoretically analysed.","PeriodicalId":207726,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Polonia University","volume":" 1270","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141669115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores the lexical and semantic field of Andrey Sheptytsky's pastoral letters using machine learning algorithms. To study the lexical and semantic field, such algorithms as Word2Vec, TF-IDF, CBOW, Bag-of-Words and Skip-Gram are used. The texts of this prominent figure are studied through the prism of modern methods of natural language processing, which allows for a more detailed identification of the peculiarities of their vocabulary and semantics. The article discusses the process of creating computer models for text analysis, as well as the use of machine learning algorithms for automatic processing and classification of lexical items in pastoral letters. The results obtained allow us to better understand the specifics of the author's language and mentality, as well as to identify patterns in the use of relevant words and expressions in his work. This work opens up new possibilities for the study of pastoral texts and deepening our understanding of their semantic properties.
{"title":"MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE LEXICAL-SEMANTIC FIELD OF ANDREY SHEPTYTSKYI'S PASTORAL LETTERS USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS","authors":"Yu.V. Hulyk","doi":"10.23856/6204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23856/6204","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the lexical and semantic field of Andrey Sheptytsky's pastoral letters using machine learning algorithms. To study the lexical and semantic field, such algorithms as Word2Vec, TF-IDF, CBOW, Bag-of-Words and Skip-Gram are used. The texts of this prominent figure are studied through the prism of modern methods of natural language processing, which allows for a more detailed identification of the peculiarities of their vocabulary and semantics. The article discusses the process of creating computer models for text analysis, as well as the use of machine learning algorithms for automatic processing and classification of lexical items in pastoral letters. The results obtained allow us to better understand the specifics of the author's language and mentality, as well as to identify patterns in the use of relevant words and expressions in his work. This work opens up new possibilities for the study of pastoral texts and deepening our understanding of their semantic properties.","PeriodicalId":207726,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Polonia University","volume":"23 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141836469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is devoted to the study of the role and importance of mediation methods in the field of notary. The growing number of disputes related to notarial acts and agreements emphasizes the need for effective mechanisms for their settlement. The article highlights the advantages of using mediation as an alternative way to resolve conflicts in notarial matters. The authors examine the main principles and stages of the mediation process, as well as analyze examples of successful application of this approach in the notarial practice of Ukraine and the member states of the European Union. In particular, the article examines the possibilities of settling disputes regarding inheritance, concluding agreements between the parties, as well as other issues that often arise in notarial activities. Highlighting the experience of implementing mediation in notarial practice helps readers understand the advantages of this approach and its potential in resolving conflicts in the notary.
{"title":"MEDIATION IN THE NOTARY: HARMONIOUS RESOLUTION OF LEGAL DISPUTES","authors":"M.I. Logvynenko, Svitlana Taran","doi":"10.23856/6224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23856/6224","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the study of the role and importance of mediation methods in the field of notary. The growing number of disputes related to notarial acts and agreements emphasizes the need for effective mechanisms for their settlement. The article highlights the advantages of using mediation as an alternative way to resolve conflicts in notarial matters. The authors examine the main principles and stages of the mediation process, as well as analyze examples of successful application of this approach in the notarial practice of Ukraine and the member states of the European Union. In particular, the article examines the possibilities of settling disputes regarding inheritance, concluding agreements between the parties, as well as other issues that often arise in notarial activities. Highlighting the experience of implementing mediation in notarial practice helps readers understand the advantages of this approach and its potential in resolving conflicts in the notary.","PeriodicalId":207726,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Polonia University","volume":"119 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141667504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Throughout the entire history of mankind, literature has been a fact of the time of its creation. When we look at the issue both in a universal context and in a local one, we see approximately the same picture. Just as Homer is a fact of ancient Greece, the work of the genius Azerbaijani poet Nizami Ganjavi of the 12th century is considered to be the fact of the mighty Seljuk Empire, the state of the Atabays of Azerbaijan. Khagani Shirvani's literary heritage, dominated by rebellious and grievous motives, was a literary phenomenon caused by the state of the Shirvanshahs, the Akhsitan dynasty. The invasion of the Mongols, the invasion of Emir Timur, the period-specific manifestations of discontent against oppression and slavery, the spread of philanthropy and the phenomenon of Imadaddin Nasimi.. The work of Alishir Navai, the Uzbek-Chagatai poet and statesman of the 15th century, the author of the first “Khamsa” in Turkic, and the great Turkic culture, which was called the Timurid renaissance, were echoes of Huseyn Baygara's rule which lasted 37 years, in culture, science and literature. The establishment of the Safavid state of Azerbaijan in the XVI century and the fact that Azerbaijan remained the “metropolis and central province of the state” (Efendiyev, 2007: 11) throughout the century, the domestic and foreign policy has had a direct impact on the change of the direction of literature. The biggest event was the stabilization of the tradition of writing in the Azerbaijani language, the preference for the folk language, and the rapid development of ashug poetry. If in the literature of three centuries ago there was a palace splendor, then in the poetry of this period there is already a roar of battlefields, heroic motives surpass love poems, ashug poetry, which is closer to the people, and therefore has a lot of influence and propaganda power. The 18th century Azerbaijani literature is also a “mirror that shows the straight and the crooked” of its time. The article examines the most important events in the history of Azerbaijan of the XVIII century, their influence on the development of literature and features of their reflection in artistic works.
{"title":"XVIII CENTURY AZERBAIJAN HISTORICAL REALITY AND LITERATURE","authors":"Alizade Fidan","doi":"10.23856/6202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23856/6202","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the entire history of mankind, literature has been a fact of the time of its creation. When we look at the issue both in a universal context and in a local one, we see approximately the same picture. Just as Homer is a fact of ancient Greece, the work of the genius Azerbaijani poet Nizami Ganjavi of the 12th century is considered to be the fact of the mighty Seljuk Empire, the state of the Atabays of Azerbaijan. Khagani Shirvani's literary heritage, dominated by rebellious and grievous motives, was a literary phenomenon caused by the state of the Shirvanshahs, the Akhsitan dynasty. The invasion of the Mongols, the invasion of Emir Timur, the period-specific manifestations of discontent against oppression and slavery, the spread of philanthropy and the phenomenon of Imadaddin Nasimi.. The work of Alishir Navai, the Uzbek-Chagatai poet and statesman of the 15th century, the author of the first “Khamsa” in Turkic, and the great Turkic culture, which was called the Timurid renaissance, were echoes of Huseyn Baygara's rule which lasted 37 years, in culture, science and literature. The establishment of the Safavid state of Azerbaijan in the XVI century and the fact that Azerbaijan remained the “metropolis and central province of the state” (Efendiyev, 2007: 11) throughout the century, the domestic and foreign policy has had a direct impact on the change of the direction of literature. The biggest event was the stabilization of the tradition of writing in the Azerbaijani language, the preference for the folk language, and the rapid development of ashug poetry. If in the literature of three centuries ago there was a palace splendor, then in the poetry of this period there is already a roar of battlefields, heroic motives surpass love poems, ashug poetry, which is closer to the people, and therefore has a lot of influence and propaganda power. The 18th century Azerbaijani literature is also a “mirror that shows the straight and the crooked” of its time. The article examines the most important events in the history of Azerbaijan of the XVIII century, their influence on the development of literature and features of their reflection in artistic works.","PeriodicalId":207726,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Polonia University","volume":" March","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141669690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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