Agnieszka Rumik, I. Paradowska-Stankiewicz, Aneta Rosolak
INTRODUCTION Pertussis is an endemic, highly contagious disease that can be prevented through vaccination. In Poland, since the second half of the nineties, changes in the epidemiology of pertussis have been observed - an increase in the number of cases, despite the high level of vaccination of the population. The highest percentage of registered cases of pertussis concerned people aged 15 and over. The causes of the increased incidence of pertussis are a complex problem. Immunity after pertussis vaccination is unstable, disappears within 4-12 years, and the risk of the disease increases with time after the last dose of the vaccine. Due to the loss of protection against pertussis in adults, it is important to repeat immunization with dTpa every 10 years. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation of pertussis in Poland in 2018-2019 compared to the situation in previous years, with particular emphasis on the assessment of the vaccination status of children against pertussis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The assessment of the epidemiological situation of pertussis in Poland was performed on the basis of the results of the analysis of unit reports of pertussis registered in the NIPH-NIH through the SRWE system and data from the bulletins "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland" for 2018 and 2019 and the bulletins "Vaccinations in Poland" for 2018 and 2019. RESULTS In 2018, 1 548 were registered, and in 2019 - 1 629 cases of pertussis. The incidence was respectively: 4.0 and 4.2 per 100 000 population and was lower compared to the incidence in 2017 (8.0). The highest incidence of pertussis was in the age group 0-4 years (20.6 and 23.6 respectively), and high in children and adolescents aged 5-9 (10.9 and 11.5 respectively) and 10-14 years (respectively: 12.2 and 11.2 - per 100 000 population). About half of the cases concerned people over 15 years of age. In general, a higher incidence among women was observed than in men, as well as a higher incidence in cities than in rural areas. In 2018, among people with pertussis, 434 people (i.e. 28%) and in 2019 - 482 people (i.e. 29.6%) were hospitalized. In 2019, one fatal case of the disease was reported to the epidemiological surveillance system. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS In Poland, in the years 2018-2019, there was a decrease in the number of cases of pertussis, the most common were children under the age of four (the highest incidence). A worrying trend is the decreasing number of vaccinations in children aged 2 years against pertussis covered by compulsory primary vaccinations in individual provinces. In the current epidemiological situation, the best way to prevent new cases of pertussis is to use vaccination according to the current regimen and to recommend to adults a single dose of dTpa vaccination, which should be repeated every 10 years.
{"title":"Pertussis in Poland in 2018-2019.","authors":"Agnieszka Rumik, I. Paradowska-Stankiewicz, Aneta Rosolak","doi":"10.32394/pe.75.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe.75.57","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION Pertussis is an endemic, highly contagious disease that can be prevented through vaccination. In Poland, since the second half of the nineties, changes in the epidemiology of pertussis have been observed - an increase in the number of cases, despite the high level of vaccination of the population. The highest percentage of registered cases of pertussis concerned people aged 15 and over. The causes of the increased incidence of pertussis are a complex problem. Immunity after pertussis vaccination is unstable, disappears within 4-12 years, and the risk of the disease increases with time after the last dose of the vaccine. Due to the loss of protection against pertussis in adults, it is important to repeat immunization with dTpa every 10 years. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation of pertussis in Poland in 2018-2019 compared to the situation in previous years, with particular emphasis on the assessment of the vaccination status of children against pertussis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The assessment of the epidemiological situation of pertussis in Poland was performed on the basis of the results of the analysis of unit reports of pertussis registered in the NIPH-NIH through the SRWE system and data from the bulletins \"Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland\" for 2018 and 2019 and the bulletins \"Vaccinations in Poland\" for 2018 and 2019. RESULTS In 2018, 1 548 were registered, and in 2019 - 1 629 cases of pertussis. The incidence was respectively: 4.0 and 4.2 per 100 000 population and was lower compared to the incidence in 2017 (8.0). The highest incidence of pertussis was in the age group 0-4 years (20.6 and 23.6 respectively), and high in children and adolescents aged 5-9 (10.9 and 11.5 respectively) and 10-14 years (respectively: 12.2 and 11.2 - per 100 000 population). About half of the cases concerned people over 15 years of age. In general, a higher incidence among women was observed than in men, as well as a higher incidence in cities than in rural areas. In 2018, among people with pertussis, 434 people (i.e. 28%) and in 2019 - 482 people (i.e. 29.6%) were hospitalized. In 2019, one fatal case of the disease was reported to the epidemiological surveillance system. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS In Poland, in the years 2018-2019, there was a decrease in the number of cases of pertussis, the most common were children under the age of four (the highest incidence). A worrying trend is the decreasing number of vaccinations in children aged 2 years against pertussis covered by compulsory primary vaccinations in individual provinces. In the current epidemiological situation, the best way to prevent new cases of pertussis is to use vaccination according to the current regimen and to recommend to adults a single dose of dTpa vaccination, which should be repeated every 10 years.","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"75 4 1","pages":"604-612"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49014441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joanna Bogusz, E. Augustynowicz, N. Wnukowska, I. Paradowska-Stankiewicz
INTRODUCTION Since 1998 Poland has endorsed measles elimination programme which is coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO). To accomplish measles elimination in the country, achievement of vaccination coverage at 95% in the population is needed, as is the monitoring of the epidemiological situation, i.e.: reporting on cases suspected of measles and conducting laboratory diagnostics in WHO Reference Laboratory. Polish Reference Laboratory is located at the Department of Virology NIPH NIH - NRI. OBJECTIVES The aim of the article is to analyze the epidemiological situation of measles in Poland in 2019 with presenting the measles vaccination coverage and the progress of the measles elimination programme in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS The epidemiological situation of measles in Poland was analyzed on the basis of the case-based questionnaires of cases suspected of measles sent to NIPH NIH-NRI by the Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations, data from the publications: "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2019" and "Vaccinations in Poland in 2019". RESULTS In 2019, 1,502 cases of measles were notified to the surveillance system in Poland (incidence 3.91 per 100,000 population, more than four times more than in 2018). The highest incidence was observed in the aged 35-39 was estimated at 11.36 per 100,000 population. Out of all cases, 772 (51.4%) were hospitalized. No fatal cases due to the measles were reported. In 2019 the maintenance of high vaccination coverage among children aged 2 and 12 years old was observed - from 92.6% to 99.5% (primary vaccination, children born in 2009-2017). CONCLUSIONS The epidemiological situation of measles in 2019 in comparison with the situation in 2018, has deteriorated. This was a trend in throughout Europe.
{"title":"Measles in Poland in 2019.","authors":"Joanna Bogusz, E. Augustynowicz, N. Wnukowska, I. Paradowska-Stankiewicz","doi":"10.32394/pe.75.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe.75.56","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Since 1998 Poland has endorsed measles elimination programme which is coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO). To accomplish measles elimination in the country, achievement of vaccination coverage at 95% in the population is needed, as is the monitoring of the epidemiological situation, i.e.: reporting on cases suspected of measles and conducting laboratory diagnostics in WHO Reference Laboratory. Polish Reference Laboratory is located at the Department of Virology NIPH NIH - NRI.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVES\u0000The aim of the article is to analyze the epidemiological situation of measles in Poland in 2019 with presenting the measles vaccination coverage and the progress of the measles elimination programme in Poland.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS\u0000The epidemiological situation of measles in Poland was analyzed on the basis of the case-based questionnaires of cases suspected of measles sent to NIPH NIH-NRI by the Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations, data from the publications: \"Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2019\" and \"Vaccinations in Poland in 2019\".\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000In 2019, 1,502 cases of measles were notified to the surveillance system in Poland (incidence 3.91 per 100,000 population, more than four times more than in 2018). The highest incidence was observed in the aged 35-39 was estimated at 11.36 per 100,000 population. Out of all cases, 772 (51.4%) were hospitalized. No fatal cases due to the measles were reported. In 2019 the maintenance of high vaccination coverage among children aged 2 and 12 years old was observed - from 92.6% to 99.5% (primary vaccination, children born in 2009-2017).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The epidemiological situation of measles in 2019 in comparison with the situation in 2018, has deteriorated. This was a trend in throughout Europe.","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"75 4 1","pages":"597-603"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49199665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siamak Bahrami Aloghareh, Shahriar Salehi Tali, A. Hasanpour Dehkordi, Hanifeh Gangi, M. Sedehi
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The myocardial infarction is the most severe manifestation of coronary artery disease. The promotion of self-efficacy in these patients can be effective in the improvement of their quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a self-management program based on 5 A`s model on the quality of life and self-efficacy of the patients with myocardial infarction. METHODS The current study was a clinical trial that was conducted in Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals in Shahr-e Kord (Iran) with the participation of 96 patients with myocardial infarction. The research units were blocked randomly into two 48-patient intervention and control groups. The training content was provided to the intervention group in five stages and they were asked to implement in three months. The demographic information questionnaire, the Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life questionnaire, and Sullivan Self-Efficacy questionnaire were the data collection instruments. The mean scores of pre and post-intervention were compared by the use of SPSS, version 16, software, paired t-test, single t-test, chi-square, and Fisher's Exact Test. FINDINGS The results showed that the mean squares of quality of life and self-efficacy in pre and postintervention had a significant difference and the intervention group had a higher quality of life and self-efficacy levels compared to the control group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION According to the results of the study, it is suggested to use this model for empowerment and caring of patients besides the medicinal treatments, so that it would not lead to inability, reduction about the medical centers, frequent hospitalization, and ultimately, reduction in medical costs, and promotion of the society's health.
{"title":"The effects of a self-management program based on 5 A`s model on the quality of life and self-efficacy in the myocardial infarction patients.","authors":"Siamak Bahrami Aloghareh, Shahriar Salehi Tali, A. Hasanpour Dehkordi, Hanifeh Gangi, M. Sedehi","doi":"10.32394/pe.75.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe.75.52","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES\u0000The myocardial infarction is the most severe manifestation of coronary artery disease. The promotion of self-efficacy in these patients can be effective in the improvement of their quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a self-management program based on 5 A`s model on the quality of life and self-efficacy of the patients with myocardial infarction.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The current study was a clinical trial that was conducted in Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals in Shahr-e Kord (Iran) with the participation of 96 patients with myocardial infarction. The research units were blocked randomly into two 48-patient intervention and control groups. The training content was provided to the intervention group in five stages and they were asked to implement in three months. The demographic information questionnaire, the Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life questionnaire, and Sullivan Self-Efficacy questionnaire were the data collection instruments. The mean scores of pre and post-intervention were compared by the use of SPSS, version 16, software, paired t-test, single t-test, chi-square, and Fisher's Exact Test.\u0000\u0000\u0000FINDINGS\u0000The results showed that the mean squares of quality of life and self-efficacy in pre and postintervention had a significant difference and the intervention group had a higher quality of life and self-efficacy levels compared to the control group (P<0.001).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000According to the results of the study, it is suggested to use this model for empowerment and caring of patients besides the medicinal treatments, so that it would not lead to inability, reduction about the medical centers, frequent hospitalization, and ultimately, reduction in medical costs, and promotion of the society's health.","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"75 4 1","pages":"556-563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46903419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION The assessment of the sporicidal effectiveness of disinfectants is important from the point of view of the prevention of nosocomial infections and spore contamination of clinical samples, medical equipment and materials used in patient care. The rods of Bacillus spp. cause infections of the digestive system, bloodstream and, less often, respiratory tract. Cases were diagnosed in immunocompromised patients, malignant neoplasms and in neonatal wards. The source of the infection was hospital linen, reusable towels, catheters or milk from the human milk bank. AIM OF THE STUDY Determination of the minimal sporicidal parameters of a disinfectant containing peracetic acid. MATERIAL AND METHODS The sporicidal activity of a disinfectant containing peracetic acid against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus spore suspensions was tested in a defined concentration range during a contact time of 15 minutes, in the presence of various interfering substances (clean and dirty conditions) according to the European Standard PN-EN 17126: 2019-01. RESULTS The disinfecting preparation containing peracetic acid showed sporicidal activity against Bacillus subtilis at a concentration of 1% for 15 minutes under clean and dirty conditions and at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.00% and 1.25% against the Bacillus cereus spores during the same contact time but only under dirty conditions. The preparation showed no sporicidal activity against Bacillus cereus at concentrations of 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% during a contact time of 15 minutes under both dirty and clean conditions. CONCLUSIONS In areas where there is a risk of infecting a patient or contaminating clinical specimens, materials and equipment with spores of Bacillus spp., it is necessary to use disinfectants with sporicidal activity confirmed according to the PN-EN 17126: 2019-01 standard. The sporicidal activity of disinfectants containing peracetic acid may depend on the method of preparing the solutions, their concentration, pH, temperature and the contamination degree of the disinfected surface.
{"title":"The sporicidal activity of a disinfectant with peracetic acid against the spores of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus according to the european standard PN-EN 17126: 2019-01.","authors":"A. Chojecka","doi":"10.32394/pe.75.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe.75.49","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000The assessment of the sporicidal effectiveness of disinfectants is important from the point of view of the prevention of nosocomial infections and spore contamination of clinical samples, medical equipment and materials used in patient care. The rods of Bacillus spp. cause infections of the digestive system, bloodstream and, less often, respiratory tract. Cases were diagnosed in immunocompromised patients, malignant neoplasms and in neonatal wards. The source of the infection was hospital linen, reusable towels, catheters or milk from the human milk bank.\u0000\u0000\u0000AIM OF THE STUDY\u0000Determination of the minimal sporicidal parameters of a disinfectant containing peracetic acid.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS\u0000The sporicidal activity of a disinfectant containing peracetic acid against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus spore suspensions was tested in a defined concentration range during a contact time of 15 minutes, in the presence of various interfering substances (clean and dirty conditions) according to the European Standard PN-EN 17126: 2019-01.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The disinfecting preparation containing peracetic acid showed sporicidal activity against Bacillus subtilis at a concentration of 1% for 15 minutes under clean and dirty conditions and at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.00% and 1.25% against the Bacillus cereus spores during the same contact time but only under dirty conditions. The preparation showed no sporicidal activity against Bacillus cereus at concentrations of 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% during a contact time of 15 minutes under both dirty and clean conditions.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000In areas where there is a risk of infecting a patient or contaminating clinical specimens, materials and equipment with spores of Bacillus spp., it is necessary to use disinfectants with sporicidal activity confirmed according to the PN-EN 17126: 2019-01 standard. The sporicidal activity of disinfectants containing peracetic acid may depend on the method of preparing the solutions, their concentration, pH, temperature and the contamination degree of the disinfected surface.","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"75 4 1","pages":"524-536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46098756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIM The aim of this study is to assess the epidemiological situation of salmonellosis in Poland, in 2018 and 2019 compared with previous years. MATERIAL AND METHODS The assessment of the epidemiological situation was performed on the basis of data provided to the Department of Epidemiology Infectious Diseases and Surveillance of NIPH NIH - NRI by sanitary-epidemiological stations through the Epidemiological Case Reporting System (SRWE) and the Registry of Epidemic Outbreaks (ROE), as well as on the basis of data from the annual bulletins "Infectious Diseases and Poisonings in Poland" 2018 and 2019 (NIPH NIH - NRI, GIS, Warsaw, 2019 and 2020) and from information received from laboratories of sanitary-epidemiological stations and data from the Demographic Research Department of Statistics Poland (GIS). RESULTS In Poland in 2018 a total of 9,957 cases of salmonellosis were reported in the sanitaryepidemiological surveillance, among these infections 9,651 were cases of intestinal salmonellosis, 306 were cases of extraintestinal salmonellosis. The incidence rate for total salmonellosis was 25.9 per 100,000 population, for parenteral salmonellosis alone was 0.80 per 100,000 population. There were 9,370 cases of confirmed and 587 cases of probable salmonellosis registered. Hospital treatment was given to 65% of patients with intestinal salmonellosis and 88.6% of patients with extraintestinal forms of the disease. The increase in salmonellosis cases in 2018 occurred during the summer months with a peak in cases in August. The highest incidence of salmonellosis nationwide was in the Podkarpackie voivodeship 42.2/100,000, the lowest in the Lubuskie voivodeship 9.4/100,000. More cases were registered in urban areas - 5,866 salmonellosis cases. Cases in the age group 0-4 constituted 37.7% of all cases. Among parenteral salmonellosis 64.7% were people over 60 years of age. In ROE system there were 351 food poisoning outbreaks with Salmonella spp. as the etiological agent, mainly Enteritidis serotype. The most frequently isolated serotypes in Poland in 2018 were S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Infantis, the first of which was responsible for 76.3% of all Salmonella infections. There were 1,719 cases registered in which the serotype was not determined, most of them came from the Pomorskie voivodeship. Sanitary-epidemiological stations performed 547,976 bacteriological tests for Salmonella and Shigella, 0.2% of people working in contact with food had a positive result. There were 43 cases imported from abroad. Due to Salmonella infection 4 people died in 2018. In 2019 a total of 9,234 cases of salmonellosis were registered in Poland, including 8,919 food poisoning and 315 parenteral salmonellosis. The incidence for total salmonellosis in Poland was 24.1 per 100,000 population. There were 8,687 confirmed and 547 probable cases of salmonellosis reported. Due to food poisoning 63.1% of patients were hospitalized, while due to parenteral salmonellosis 87.
{"title":"Salmonellosis in Poland in 2018 and 2019.","authors":"M. Milczarek, M. Sadkowska-Todys, M. Czarkowski","doi":"10.32394/pe.75.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe.75.62","url":null,"abstract":"AIM\u0000The aim of this study is to assess the epidemiological situation of salmonellosis in Poland, in 2018 and 2019 compared with previous years.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS\u0000The assessment of the epidemiological situation was performed on the basis of data provided to the Department of Epidemiology Infectious Diseases and Surveillance of NIPH NIH - NRI by sanitary-epidemiological stations through the Epidemiological Case Reporting System (SRWE) and the Registry of Epidemic Outbreaks (ROE), as well as on the basis of data from the annual bulletins \"Infectious Diseases and Poisonings in Poland\" 2018 and 2019 (NIPH NIH - NRI, GIS, Warsaw, 2019 and 2020) and from information received from laboratories of sanitary-epidemiological stations and data from the Demographic Research Department of Statistics Poland (GIS).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000In Poland in 2018 a total of 9,957 cases of salmonellosis were reported in the sanitaryepidemiological surveillance, among these infections 9,651 were cases of intestinal salmonellosis, 306 were cases of extraintestinal salmonellosis. The incidence rate for total salmonellosis was 25.9 per 100,000 population, for parenteral salmonellosis alone was 0.80 per 100,000 population. There were 9,370 cases of confirmed and 587 cases of probable salmonellosis registered. Hospital treatment was given to 65% of patients with intestinal salmonellosis and 88.6% of patients with extraintestinal forms of the disease. The increase in salmonellosis cases in 2018 occurred during the summer months with a peak in cases in August. The highest incidence of salmonellosis nationwide was in the Podkarpackie voivodeship 42.2/100,000, the lowest in the Lubuskie voivodeship 9.4/100,000. More cases were registered in urban areas - 5,866 salmonellosis cases. Cases in the age group 0-4 constituted 37.7% of all cases. Among parenteral salmonellosis 64.7% were people over 60 years of age. In ROE system there were 351 food poisoning outbreaks with Salmonella spp. as the etiological agent, mainly Enteritidis serotype. The most frequently isolated serotypes in Poland in 2018 were S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Infantis, the first of which was responsible for 76.3% of all Salmonella infections. There were 1,719 cases registered in which the serotype was not determined, most of them came from the Pomorskie voivodeship. Sanitary-epidemiological stations performed 547,976 bacteriological tests for Salmonella and Shigella, 0.2% of people working in contact with food had a positive result. There were 43 cases imported from abroad. Due to Salmonella infection 4 people died in 2018. In 2019 a total of 9,234 cases of salmonellosis were registered in Poland, including 8,919 food poisoning and 315 parenteral salmonellosis. The incidence for total salmonellosis in Poland was 24.1 per 100,000 population. There were 8,687 confirmed and 547 probable cases of salmonellosis reported. Due to food poisoning 63.1% of patients were hospitalized, while due to parenteral salmonellosis 87.","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"75 4 1","pages":"665-668"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44927029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Persistent infection with oncogenic Human papillomavirus (HPV) types can lead to neoplasms involving urogenital and laryngeal tumors, which account for approximately 5% of all cancers worldwidely. Effective measures to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with HPV cancers are regular examinations including the Papanicolaou test and preventive vaccination. However, despite the registration of the first HPV vaccine already in 2006, there is still huge disparity in the vaccination coverage between countries. In Poland, vaccination coverage is still very low in comparison to other European Union countries (only a few percent). Constraints exist on the part of the state and health system organizations, as well as in the attitudes of health professionals and parents. One of the primary factors influencing the decision to vaccinate against HPV is the presence of the vaccine in The National Immunization Program, while often with financial support. Formalization of vaccination also forces physicians to be more attentive to informing and recommending immunization, increasing their level of education. The role of medical workers is crucial from a social point of view. For parents, an adequate discussion with the physician is a vital factor influencing HPV vaccination decisions. At the same time, health care workers express the need to change their work organization due to insufficient time for health promotion and prophylaxis during visits. A thorough understanding of the barriers can allow for the development of effective strategies to increase vaccination coverage.
{"title":"Human papillomavirus vaccination - limatations and opportunities in countries with low vaccine coverage.","authors":"Piotr Sypień, T. Zielonka","doi":"10.32394/pe.75.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe.75.50","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent infection with oncogenic Human papillomavirus (HPV) types can lead to neoplasms involving urogenital and laryngeal tumors, which account for approximately 5% of all cancers worldwidely. Effective measures to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with HPV cancers are regular examinations including the Papanicolaou test and preventive vaccination. However, despite the registration of the first HPV vaccine already in 2006, there is still huge disparity in the vaccination coverage between countries. In Poland, vaccination coverage is still very low in comparison to other European Union countries (only a few percent). Constraints exist on the part of the state and health system organizations, as well as in the attitudes of health professionals and parents. One of the primary factors influencing the decision to vaccinate against HPV is the presence of the vaccine in The National Immunization Program, while often with financial support. Formalization of vaccination also forces physicians to be more attentive to informing and recommending immunization, increasing their level of education. The role of medical workers is crucial from a social point of view. For parents, an adequate discussion with the physician is a vital factor influencing HPV vaccination decisions. At the same time, health care workers express the need to change their work organization due to insufficient time for health promotion and prophylaxis during visits. A thorough understanding of the barriers can allow for the development of effective strategies to increase vaccination coverage.","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"75 4 1","pages":"537-545"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47456842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joanna Bogusz, E. Augustynowicz, I. Paradowska-Stankiewicz
INTRODUCTION Rubella has been included in the elimination program coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2005. Elimination of rubella in the country is possible provided that min. 95% of the vaccination status of the population and monitoring the epidemiological situation, including recording all suspected rubella and conducting laboratory diagnostics at the WHO Reference Laboratory. AIM The aims of the present article are to analyze the epidemiological situation of rubella in Poland in 2019 and to discuss the rubella vaccination coverage. MATERIAL AND METHODS The assessment of the epidemiological situation of rubella in Poland was conducted on the basis of aggregated reports of suspected rubella cases sent to the National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene by Voivodeship Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations, and data from the bulletin "Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland in 2019" and "Vaccinations in Poland in 2019 ". RESULTS In 2019, there was a decrease in the number of rubella cases with registered 285 cases (in 2018 - 37 cases), and a decline in incidence (from 1.1 per 100,000 to 0.74). The highest incidence rate, regardless of gender and the environment, was observed among children agded 0-4 years (6.4 per 100,000). In 2019, no cases of congenital rubella syndrome were registered. In 2019, only 3 (1.05%) cases were classified as laboratoryconfirmed cases. The remaining 98.9% (282 cases) were diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In 2019, there was a decrease in the number of rubella cases. In Poland rubella in reported exclusively on the basis of the clinical picture. The proportion of laboratory tests confirming/excluding rubella infection is still very low in Poland.
{"title":"Rubella in Poland in 2019.","authors":"Joanna Bogusz, E. Augustynowicz, I. Paradowska-Stankiewicz","doi":"10.32394/pe.75.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe.75.55","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Rubella has been included in the elimination program coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2005. Elimination of rubella in the country is possible provided that min. 95% of the vaccination status of the population and monitoring the epidemiological situation, including recording all suspected rubella and conducting laboratory diagnostics at the WHO Reference Laboratory.\u0000\u0000\u0000AIM\u0000The aims of the present article are to analyze the epidemiological situation of rubella in Poland in 2019 and to discuss the rubella vaccination coverage.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS\u0000The assessment of the epidemiological situation of rubella in Poland was conducted on the basis of aggregated reports of suspected rubella cases sent to the National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene by Voivodeship Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations, and data from the bulletin \"Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland in 2019\" and \"Vaccinations in Poland in 2019 \".\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000In 2019, there was a decrease in the number of rubella cases with registered 285 cases (in 2018 - 37 cases), and a decline in incidence (from 1.1 per 100,000 to 0.74). The highest incidence rate, regardless of gender and the environment, was observed among children agded 0-4 years (6.4 per 100,000). In 2019, no cases of congenital rubella syndrome were registered. In 2019, only 3 (1.05%) cases were classified as laboratoryconfirmed cases. The remaining 98.9% (282 cases) were diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000In 2019, there was a decrease in the number of rubella cases. In Poland rubella in reported exclusively on the basis of the clinical picture. The proportion of laboratory tests confirming/excluding rubella infection is still very low in Poland.","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"75 4 1","pages":"588-596"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48423734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hasanpour Dehkordi, S. Mirfendereski, Ayda Hasanpour Dehkordi
BACKGROUND AND AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the status of anxiety, quality of work life, and fatigue of healthe care providers in six educational and medical centers of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in the southwest of Iran in the Covid-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was a cross-sectional study and included the statistical population of healthcare providers in six educational and medical centers of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in the southwest of Iran. Using random sampling method, 181 people who had direct involvement with patients with Covid-19 were selected and compared with 261 staff in other wards who had no direct contact with patients with Covid-19. For data collection, demographic information (demographic characteristics questionnaire), Covid-19 Anxiety Questionnaire, quality of work life and Rhoten fatigue questionnaires were used by self-administered online questionnaires. RESULTS The results showed that the quality of life in both groups decreased and fatigue and anxiety caused by Covid-19 increased, but there was no statistically significant difference between anxiety derived fatigues of personnel involved with Covid-19 with personnel of other wards which were no directly faced Covid-19 patients. Regarding the quality of work life, no significant difference was observed in other components except in the component of human resource development. The results also showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the level of anxiety caused by Covid-19 with quality of work life and fatigue. CONCLUSION According to the results of the present study, Covid-19 had a negative effect on physical, mental and various aspects of quality of life of health care staff and led to increased fatigue.
{"title":"Anxiety, quality of work life and fatigue of Iran health care providers in health care centers in COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"A. Hasanpour Dehkordi, S. Mirfendereski, Ayda Hasanpour Dehkordi","doi":"10.32394/pe.75.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe.75.42","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIM\u0000The aim of this study was to investigate the status of anxiety, quality of work life, and fatigue of healthe care providers in six educational and medical centers of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in the southwest of Iran in the Covid-19 pandemic.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS\u0000The present study was a cross-sectional study and included the statistical population of healthcare providers in six educational and medical centers of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in the southwest of Iran. Using random sampling method, 181 people who had direct involvement with patients with Covid-19 were selected and compared with 261 staff in other wards who had no direct contact with patients with Covid-19. For data collection, demographic information (demographic characteristics questionnaire), Covid-19 Anxiety Questionnaire, quality of work life and Rhoten fatigue questionnaires were used by self-administered online questionnaires.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The results showed that the quality of life in both groups decreased and fatigue and anxiety caused by Covid-19 increased, but there was no statistically significant difference between anxiety derived fatigues of personnel involved with Covid-19 with personnel of other wards which were no directly faced Covid-19 patients. Regarding the quality of work life, no significant difference was observed in other components except in the component of human resource development. The results also showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the level of anxiety caused by Covid-19 with quality of work life and fatigue.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000According to the results of the present study, Covid-19 had a negative effect on physical, mental and various aspects of quality of life of health care staff and led to increased fatigue.","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"75 4 1","pages":"463-470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49302059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Zajkowska, Elżbieta Waluk, J. Dunaj, R. Świerzbińska, Martyna Hordowicz, Olga Zajkowska, I. Paradowska-Stankiewicz
INTRODUCTION In Poland, the number of reported cases of tick-borne encephalitis, and thus the designation of the regions of TBE occurrence, seems to be underestimated. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the implementation of TBE virus infection tests in the routine diagnostics of patients with neuroinfections of undetermined viral etiology on the identification of TBE virus infections in areas considered non-endemic and finding new areas of TBE occurrence. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-nine departments in which patients with suspected neuroinfections are hospitalized participated in the study. The criterion for selecting the center was the location in an area considered non-endemic for TBE, where reporting is low or absent, and intermediate data indicate the possibility of undiagnosed disease (TBE). Diagnostics were performed in the Immunoserology Laboratory at the Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections of the Medical University of Bialystok using the ELISA method. The cooperation was undertaken with infectious wards or patients with suspected neuroinfection who are hospitalized and diagnosed (e.g., neurology ward). The supervising unit is the Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections of the Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok. For testing the submitted serum and CSF samples by ELISA method were used commercial kits from Virotech (Germany). RESULTS A total of 577 samples from 417 patients were tested, including 290 serum samples and 287 CSF samples. Serum antibodies against TBE were detected: IgM class in 27 samples, IgG class in 22 samples; in CSF: IgM class in 39 samples, IgG in 21 samples. The etiology of TBE was confirmed in 55 cases, i.e. in 13.19% of all tested people. CONCLUSIONS 1. Detection of the presence of antibodies against TBE in samples of patients with meningitis reported as other neuroinfections indicates the etiology of TBE. 2. The number of TBE cases may be undiagnosed, and thus underestimated due to the failure to perform serological tests for TBE in areas considered non-endemic. 3. The diagnosis and reporting of neuroinfections caused by the TBE virus is essential for a proper risk assessment and in promoting prophylaxis in the form of vaccinations. 4. Preliminary results of the research indicate the need for their continuation in all voivodeships.
{"title":"Assessment of the potential effect of the implementation of serological testing tick-borne encephalitis on the detection of this disease on areas considered as non-endemic in Poland - preliminary report.","authors":"J. Zajkowska, Elżbieta Waluk, J. Dunaj, R. Świerzbińska, Martyna Hordowicz, Olga Zajkowska, I. Paradowska-Stankiewicz","doi":"10.32394/pe.75.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe.75.48","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000In Poland, the number of reported cases of tick-borne encephalitis, and thus the designation of the regions of TBE occurrence, seems to be underestimated.\u0000\u0000\u0000AIM OF THE STUDY\u0000The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the implementation of TBE virus infection tests in the routine diagnostics of patients with neuroinfections of undetermined viral etiology on the identification of TBE virus infections in areas considered non-endemic and finding new areas of TBE occurrence.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS\u0000Twenty-nine departments in which patients with suspected neuroinfections are hospitalized participated in the study. The criterion for selecting the center was the location in an area considered non-endemic for TBE, where reporting is low or absent, and intermediate data indicate the possibility of undiagnosed disease (TBE). Diagnostics were performed in the Immunoserology Laboratory at the Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections of the Medical University of Bialystok using the ELISA method. The cooperation was undertaken with infectious wards or patients with suspected neuroinfection who are hospitalized and diagnosed (e.g., neurology ward). The supervising unit is the Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections of the Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok. For testing the submitted serum and CSF samples by ELISA method were used commercial kits from Virotech (Germany).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000A total of 577 samples from 417 patients were tested, including 290 serum samples and 287 CSF samples. Serum antibodies against TBE were detected: IgM class in 27 samples, IgG class in 22 samples; in CSF: IgM class in 39 samples, IgG in 21 samples. The etiology of TBE was confirmed in 55 cases, i.e. in 13.19% of all tested people.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u00001. Detection of the presence of antibodies against TBE in samples of patients with meningitis reported as other neuroinfections indicates the etiology of TBE. 2. The number of TBE cases may be undiagnosed, and thus underestimated due to the failure to perform serological tests for TBE in areas considered non-endemic. 3. The diagnosis and reporting of neuroinfections caused by the TBE virus is essential for a proper risk assessment and in promoting prophylaxis in the form of vaccinations. 4. Preliminary results of the research indicate the need for their continuation in all voivodeships.","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"75 4 1","pages":"515-523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45472112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayda Hasanpour Dehkordi, Hasan Askarpour, Farshid Karami Pordanjani, Z. Khazaei, S. Pordanjani
BACKGROUND Cancer is the second leading cause of death in children aged 0-14 years and leukemia is the most prevalent of them among children in the world and Iran. Estimating cancer incidence is a vital tool in epidemiology and subsequent cancer control programs. The aim is to evaluate the crude incidence, age-specific incidence and standardized incidence rates of leukemia in these children in Iran through a meta-analysis. METHODS This is a systematic review and meta-analysis between 1950 and 2019. We searched national (Iran Medex, Mag Iran and Scientific Information Database) and international (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and the Web of Sciences) databases for this purpose. The quality of articles was evaluated using the guidelines checklist for critically appraising studies of the incidence of a health problem. After the quality assessment the random effect meta-analysis was used to estimate the incidence rates in overall and based on sex. RESULTS A total of 382 articles were identified in the search phase and finally, 15 studies were included. The crude incidence rate in the total population using the Random effect model was estimated at 29.29 (CI %95, 25.74-32.84) per one million children aged 0-14 years. This rate was 34.72 (CI %95, 28.85-40.59) in boys and 24.89 (CI %95, 20.28-29.5) in girls. According to the results, three provinces of Fars (51.48), Golestan (40.86) and Qazvin (35.82) had the highest prevalence, respectively. CONCLUSION Given that the incidence of leukemia in boys is higher than in girls and it is more drastic in some Iranian provinces, further attention should be dedicated to risk factors in boys and high risk locations in Iran to help prevent of incidence of this disease.
背景癌症是0-14岁儿童的第二大死因，白血病是世界和伊朗儿童中最常见的死因。估计癌症发病率是流行病学和随后的癌症控制计划的重要工具。目的是通过荟萃分析评估伊朗这些儿童白血病的粗发病率、年龄特异性发病率和标准化发病率。为此，我们搜索了国家（Iran Medex、Mag Iran和科学信息数据库）和国际（Google Scholar、PubMed、Science Direct、Scopus和Web of Sciences）数据库。文章的质量使用指南检查表进行评估，该检查表用于对健康问题发生率的研究进行批判性评估。在质量评估后，使用随机效应荟萃分析来估计总体和基于性别的发病率。结果在检索阶段共发现382篇文章，最终纳入15项研究。使用随机效应模型估计，总人口中的粗发病率为每100万0-14岁儿童29.29（CI%95，25.74-32.84）。男孩和女孩的这一比率分别为34.72和24.89。根据结果，法尔斯省（51.48）、戈勒斯坦省（40.86）和卡兹温省（35.82）的患病率分别最高。结论鉴于男孩的白血病发病率高于女孩，而且在伊朗一些省份更为严重，应进一步关注男孩和伊朗高危地区的风险因素，以帮助预防这种疾病的发生。
{"title":"Crude incidence, age-specific incidence, and standardized incidence rates of leukemia in children under 14 years of age in Iran: an updated meta-analysis.","authors":"Ayda Hasanpour Dehkordi, Hasan Askarpour, Farshid Karami Pordanjani, Z. Khazaei, S. Pordanjani","doi":"10.32394/pe.75.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe.75.51","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Cancer is the second leading cause of death in children aged 0-14 years and leukemia is the most prevalent of them among children in the world and Iran. Estimating cancer incidence is a vital tool in epidemiology and subsequent cancer control programs. The aim is to evaluate the crude incidence, age-specific incidence and standardized incidence rates of leukemia in these children in Iran through a meta-analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000This is a systematic review and meta-analysis between 1950 and 2019. We searched national (Iran Medex, Mag Iran and Scientific Information Database) and international (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and the Web of Sciences) databases for this purpose. The quality of articles was evaluated using the guidelines checklist for critically appraising studies of the incidence of a health problem. After the quality assessment the random effect meta-analysis was used to estimate the incidence rates in overall and based on sex.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000A total of 382 articles were identified in the search phase and finally, 15 studies were included. The crude incidence rate in the total population using the Random effect model was estimated at 29.29 (CI %95, 25.74-32.84) per one million children aged 0-14 years. This rate was 34.72 (CI %95, 28.85-40.59) in boys and 24.89 (CI %95, 20.28-29.5) in girls. According to the results, three provinces of Fars (51.48), Golestan (40.86) and Qazvin (35.82) had the highest prevalence, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Given that the incidence of leukemia in boys is higher than in girls and it is more drastic in some Iranian provinces, further attention should be dedicated to risk factors in boys and high risk locations in Iran to help prevent of incidence of this disease.","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"75 4 1","pages":"546-555"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44971069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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