Pub Date : 1998-03-01DOI: 10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/013
J. Sherwood
Studies are outlined which have led to the production of large samples, of dimensions 2-10 cm, of organic electro-optic materials. The perfection of these is defined. The influence of lattice imperfections on the evaluation of fundamental physical parameters related to electro-optic device behaviour is discussed. The materials produced by these methods are of a quality and performance suited to their use as commercial electro-optic devices.
{"title":"The growth, perfection and structural properties of organic electro-optic materials","authors":"J. Sherwood","doi":"10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/013","url":null,"abstract":"Studies are outlined which have led to the production of large samples, of dimensions 2-10 cm, of organic electro-optic materials. The perfection of these is defined. The influence of lattice imperfections on the evaluation of fundamental physical parameters related to electro-optic device behaviour is discussed. The materials produced by these methods are of a quality and performance suited to their use as commercial electro-optic devices.","PeriodicalId":20787,"journal":{"name":"Pure and Applied Optics: Journal of The European Optical Society Part A","volume":"232 1","pages":"229-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77468832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-03-01DOI: 10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/029
I. Fogel, J. M. Bendickson, M. Tocci, M. Bloemer, M. Scalora, C. Bowden, J. Dowling
We present results of theoretical and experimental investigations into spontaneous emission alteration and nonlinear optical effects in thin-film multilayer devices. We begin with a brief section on one-dimensional photonic band gaps (PBGs) and photonic band edges. We then introduce the concept of nonlinear optical effects in PBG structures with the outline of the method of operation of an all-optical PBG switch. Next, we model a device that exhibits passive anisotropic optical transmission—the analogue of the electronic diode. This structure is designed to exhibit a greater shift in the location of the photonic band edge for light incident from one direction than from the opposite direction. Finally, we show enhancement of the spontaneous emission power spectrum of an emitter that is localized within a PBG structure—without the use of a typical microcavity—for frequencies near the photonic band edge. Two slightly different AlAs/AlGaAs/GaAs semiconductor PBG light emitting diodes (LEDs) were designed and fabricated. The emission spectra of these structures were measured and compared with that of a reference GaAs LED. We use a novel method for modeling the emission rate from within the structures.
{"title":"Spontaneous emission and nonlinear effects in photonic bandgap materials","authors":"I. Fogel, J. M. Bendickson, M. Tocci, M. Bloemer, M. Scalora, C. Bowden, J. Dowling","doi":"10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/029","url":null,"abstract":"We present results of theoretical and experimental investigations into spontaneous emission alteration and nonlinear optical effects in thin-film multilayer devices. We begin with a brief section on one-dimensional photonic band gaps (PBGs) and photonic band edges. We then introduce the concept of nonlinear optical effects in PBG structures with the outline of the method of operation of an all-optical PBG switch. Next, we model a device that exhibits passive anisotropic optical transmission—the analogue of the electronic diode. This structure is designed to exhibit a greater shift in the location of the photonic band edge for light incident from one direction than from the opposite direction. Finally, we show enhancement of the spontaneous emission power spectrum of an emitter that is localized within a PBG structure—without the use of a typical microcavity—for frequencies near the photonic band edge. Two slightly different AlAs/AlGaAs/GaAs semiconductor PBG light emitting diodes (LEDs) were designed and fabricated. The emission spectra of these structures were measured and compared with that of a reference GaAs LED. We use a novel method for modeling the emission rate from within the structures.","PeriodicalId":20787,"journal":{"name":"Pure and Applied Optics: Journal of The European Optical Society Part A","volume":"26 1","pages":"393-407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87204813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-03-01DOI: 10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/024
K. Bindra, S. M. Oak, K. Rustagi
We present a brief review of our recent experimental results on optical nonlinearities in semiconductor-doped glasses. It is shown that even below the absorption edge the nonlinearities are determined by nonlinear absorption. The optical Kerr effect is found to have a susceptibility which is comparable to that for nonlinear refraction. We also find that in degenerate four-wave mixing the observed intensity dependence can be strongly influenced by nonlinear absorption.
{"title":"Optical nonlinearities in semiconductor-doped glasses near and below the band edge","authors":"K. Bindra, S. M. Oak, K. Rustagi","doi":"10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/024","url":null,"abstract":"We present a brief review of our recent experimental results on optical nonlinearities in semiconductor-doped glasses. It is shown that even below the absorption edge the nonlinearities are determined by nonlinear absorption. The optical Kerr effect is found to have a susceptibility which is comparable to that for nonlinear refraction. We also find that in degenerate four-wave mixing the observed intensity dependence can be strongly influenced by nonlinear absorption.","PeriodicalId":20787,"journal":{"name":"Pure and Applied Optics: Journal of The European Optical Society Part A","volume":"183 1","pages":"345-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74619721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-03-01DOI: 10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/012
J. Hulliger, P. Langley, O. Koenig, S. Roth, A. Quintel, P. Rechsteiner
A supramolecular synthesis utilizing perhydrotriphenylene (PHTP) as an inclusion host compound has proven to be an efficient method of aligning guest nonlinear optical (NLO) molecules in a parallel fashion. Application of Markov's theory of stochastic processes explains successfully the experimentally observed spontaneous formation of polarity on a macroscopic level.
{"title":"A supramolecular approach to the parallel alignment of nonlinear optical molecules","authors":"J. Hulliger, P. Langley, O. Koenig, S. Roth, A. Quintel, P. Rechsteiner","doi":"10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/012","url":null,"abstract":"A supramolecular synthesis utilizing perhydrotriphenylene (PHTP) as an inclusion host compound has proven to be an efficient method of aligning guest nonlinear optical (NLO) molecules in a parallel fashion. Application of Markov's theory of stochastic processes explains successfully the experimentally observed spontaneous formation of polarity on a macroscopic level.","PeriodicalId":20787,"journal":{"name":"Pure and Applied Optics: Journal of The European Optical Society Part A","volume":"52 1","pages":"221-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73866911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-03-01DOI: 10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/022
J. Aitchison, C. Hamilton, M. W. Street, N. Whitbread, D. Hutchings, J. Marsh, G. Kennedy, W. Sibbett
We report the use of impurity-free vacancy disordering techniques to control the nonlinear optical properties of GaAs-AlGaAs multiple quantum wells. These processes result in a shift in the position of the absorption edge to higher energy and have been used to modify the second- and third-order nonlinear coefficients. Working at photon energies just below the half bandgap we have observed a reduction of in the value of nonlinear refractive coefficient for a bandgap shift of around 40 nm. This change arises due to the combined effects of increasing the bandgap and increasing the detuning. The process can also result in a modulation in the magnitude of the second-order susceptibility coefficient and provides a potential mechanism for realizing quasi-phase-matched structures.
{"title":"Control of the second- and third-order nonlinearities in GaAs-AlGaAs multiple quantum wells","authors":"J. Aitchison, C. Hamilton, M. W. Street, N. Whitbread, D. Hutchings, J. Marsh, G. Kennedy, W. Sibbett","doi":"10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/022","url":null,"abstract":"We report the use of impurity-free vacancy disordering techniques to control the nonlinear optical properties of GaAs-AlGaAs multiple quantum wells. These processes result in a shift in the position of the absorption edge to higher energy and have been used to modify the second- and third-order nonlinear coefficients. Working at photon energies just below the half bandgap we have observed a reduction of in the value of nonlinear refractive coefficient for a bandgap shift of around 40 nm. This change arises due to the combined effects of increasing the bandgap and increasing the detuning. The process can also result in a modulation in the magnitude of the second-order susceptibility coefficient and provides a potential mechanism for realizing quasi-phase-matched structures.","PeriodicalId":20787,"journal":{"name":"Pure and Applied Optics: Journal of The European Optical Society Part A","volume":"24 1","pages":"327-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82830588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-03-01DOI: 10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/019
M. Soskin, M. Vasnetsov
The physical background of singular optics dealing with phase singularities in light waves is reported as a new chapter in modern optics. A review of the current status of nonlinear singular optics is presented.
{"title":"Nonlinear singular optics","authors":"M. Soskin, M. Vasnetsov","doi":"10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/019","url":null,"abstract":"The physical background of singular optics dealing with phase singularities in light waves is reported as a new chapter in modern optics. A review of the current status of nonlinear singular optics is presented.","PeriodicalId":20787,"journal":{"name":"Pure and Applied Optics: Journal of The European Optical Society Part A","volume":"64 1","pages":"301-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87577258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-03-01DOI: 10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/010
Y. Koike, T. Ishigure, M. Satoh, E. Nihei
Recent progress in the graded-index polymer optical fibre (GI POF) is reviewed. The low-loss perfluorinated (PF) polymer-base GI POF achieved gigabit transmission experimentally over more than 100 m in the visible to near-infrared region. In addition, improvement of the thermal and long-term stability of the bandwidth of the GI POF by using a new dopant material is described.
{"title":"High-speed photonics polymer and its application","authors":"Y. Koike, T. Ishigure, M. Satoh, E. Nihei","doi":"10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/010","url":null,"abstract":"Recent progress in the graded-index polymer optical fibre (GI POF) is reviewed. The low-loss perfluorinated (PF) polymer-base GI POF achieved gigabit transmission experimentally over more than 100 m in the visible to near-infrared region. In addition, improvement of the thermal and long-term stability of the bandwidth of the GI POF by using a new dopant material is described.","PeriodicalId":20787,"journal":{"name":"Pure and Applied Optics: Journal of The European Optical Society Part A","volume":"72 1","pages":"201-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85760872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-03-01DOI: 10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/006
T. Gabler, A. Bräuer, R. Waldhäusl, U. Bartuch, H. Hörhold, F. Michelotti
Nonlinear optical waveguide elements have to be operated at wavelengths where the waveguide material exhibits minimum linear and higher-order absorption parameters and where the nonlinear refractive index parameter is as large as possible. The dispersion of these two quantities has been measured in the wavelength range between 780 and 990 nm. A stable semi-integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer as well as a spectral broadening set-up were used. The light source was an Ar-pumped tunable Ti:sapphire laser, generating picosecond light pulses. The measurements have been performed on one class of conjugated polymers, substituted poly(phenylene-vinylene) (PPV), which are promising candidates for the demonstration of nonlinear switching in waveguide elements. Low-loss waveguides with extreme stability against pulsed optical intensity (up to ), allowing for a nonlinear induced phase shift of more than , have been demonstrated. The nonresonant values are several times for the two PPV derivatives measured. Spatial solitons have been observed for the first time in a polymer waveguide.
{"title":"Nonresonant ? and TPA coefficient measurement in polymer waveguides by different measurement techniques","authors":"T. Gabler, A. Bräuer, R. Waldhäusl, U. Bartuch, H. Hörhold, F. Michelotti","doi":"10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/006","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear optical waveguide elements have to be operated at wavelengths where the waveguide material exhibits minimum linear and higher-order absorption parameters and where the nonlinear refractive index parameter is as large as possible. The dispersion of these two quantities has been measured in the wavelength range between 780 and 990 nm. A stable semi-integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer as well as a spectral broadening set-up were used. The light source was an Ar-pumped tunable Ti:sapphire laser, generating picosecond light pulses. The measurements have been performed on one class of conjugated polymers, substituted poly(phenylene-vinylene) (PPV), which are promising candidates for the demonstration of nonlinear switching in waveguide elements. Low-loss waveguides with extreme stability against pulsed optical intensity (up to ), allowing for a nonlinear induced phase shift of more than , have been demonstrated. The nonresonant values are several times for the two PPV derivatives measured. Spatial solitons have been observed for the first time in a polymer waveguide.","PeriodicalId":20787,"journal":{"name":"Pure and Applied Optics: Journal of The European Optical Society Part A","volume":"38 1","pages":"159-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89335266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-03-01DOI: 10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/020
T. Dekorsy, G. Segschneider, A. Kim, S. Hunsche, H. Kurz
The confinement of electrons and holes in quantum wells allows the fabrication of structures exhibiting enhanced nonlinear optical effects associated with excitonic transitions. By applying femtosecond spectroscopy, it has become possible to study the coherent and incoherent properties of these systems with high temporal resolution, thus gaining a detailed insight into the processes involved in the interactions of photons, electrons and the crystal lattice on a subpicosecond time scale. We present investigations of the nonlinear optical behaviour governed by the relaxation and thermalization dynamics in multiple quantum wells and in low-temperature grown GaAs. Experiments with high temporal and energetic resolution provide a detailed insight into the inter-valence-band thermalization in quantum wells and the influence of shallow bound defect levels in low-temperature grown GaAs.
{"title":"Nonlinear optics in semiconductors and multiple quantum wells","authors":"T. Dekorsy, G. Segschneider, A. Kim, S. Hunsche, H. Kurz","doi":"10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/020","url":null,"abstract":"The confinement of electrons and holes in quantum wells allows the fabrication of structures exhibiting enhanced nonlinear optical effects associated with excitonic transitions. By applying femtosecond spectroscopy, it has become possible to study the coherent and incoherent properties of these systems with high temporal resolution, thus gaining a detailed insight into the processes involved in the interactions of photons, electrons and the crystal lattice on a subpicosecond time scale. We present investigations of the nonlinear optical behaviour governed by the relaxation and thermalization dynamics in multiple quantum wells and in low-temperature grown GaAs. Experiments with high temporal and energetic resolution provide a detailed insight into the inter-valence-band thermalization in quantum wells and the influence of shallow bound defect levels in low-temperature grown GaAs.","PeriodicalId":20787,"journal":{"name":"Pure and Applied Optics: Journal of The European Optical Society Part A","volume":"21 1","pages":"313-318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72811893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-03-01DOI: 10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/003
S. Brasselet, J. Zyss
We demonstrate the possibility of controlling the symmetry of the susceptibility tensor of polymer films prepared by a photoinduced all-optical poling process. A rotationally invariant model is developed so as to analyse the underlying tensorial molecule-field coupling. The multipolar character of the `write' poling field is shown and implemented by way of ellipsometric polarization features, while selection rules connecting the rotational spectrum of the molecular hyperpolarizability to that of the write field tensor E are expressed in terms of molecular symmetry and spectroscopic properties, on the one hand, and electromagnetic polarization states, on the other hand. By means of adequate ellipsometric adjustment of the write field tensor symmetry, the possibility to monitor the multipolar anisotropy of the macroscopic susceptibility tensor is demonstrated on a grafted dispersed red 1 methylmetacrylate polymer thin film.
{"title":"A dual molecular and photonic engineering perspective in molecular nonlinear optics: ellipsometric control of optical poling","authors":"S. Brasselet, J. Zyss","doi":"10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/003","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate the possibility of controlling the symmetry of the susceptibility tensor of polymer films prepared by a photoinduced all-optical poling process. A rotationally invariant model is developed so as to analyse the underlying tensorial molecule-field coupling. The multipolar character of the `write' poling field is shown and implemented by way of ellipsometric polarization features, while selection rules connecting the rotational spectrum of the molecular hyperpolarizability to that of the write field tensor E are expressed in terms of molecular symmetry and spectroscopic properties, on the one hand, and electromagnetic polarization states, on the other hand. By means of adequate ellipsometric adjustment of the write field tensor symmetry, the possibility to monitor the multipolar anisotropy of the macroscopic susceptibility tensor is demonstrated on a grafted dispersed red 1 methylmetacrylate polymer thin film.","PeriodicalId":20787,"journal":{"name":"Pure and Applied Optics: Journal of The European Optical Society Part A","volume":"209 1","pages":"129-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76968599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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