Recent patents on cardiovascular drug discovery最新文献

Depression is a common mental health issue worldwide leading to disability, functional decline and increased mortality. Novel antidepressants have been developed during the last decades in order to treat depression syndromes. Some evidence suggests that major depression has been associated with the development of congestive heart failure and with adverse outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease. The purpose of the present article is to review the impact of novel antidepressant patent drugs on cardiovascular disease and arterial hypertension.

Steerable sheaths have been shown to reduce procedure time in the catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF), where catheter positioning and stability is typically challenging. This review critically addresses and highlights the recent developments in design of sheaths used to manipulate the ablation catheter and how these developments may impact on the ablation procedure itself, in particular the likelihood of first-time success. Patents relating to steerable sheaths are reviewed and discussed to gauge potential future developments in this area.

The rationale for intracoronary administration of abciximab is discussed. The data on use of intracoronary abciximab in percutaneous coronary interventions in acute coronary syndromes and STEMI are reviewed. Evaluation of the niche where intracoronary administration of abciximab may be useful and future research into the subject and relevant patents are discussed.

The most widely used heart valve worldwide is the Edwards Sapien, which currently has 60% of the worldwide transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) market. The CoreValve is next in line in popularity, encompassing 35% of the worldwide TAVI market. Although these two valves dominate the TAVI market, a number of newer transcatheter valves have been introduced and others are in early clinical evaluation. The new valves are designed to reduce catheter delivery diameter, improve ease of positioning and sealing, and facilitate repositioning or removal. The most recent transcatheter valves for transapical use include Acurate TA (Symetis), Engager (Medtronic), and JenaValve the Portico (St Jude), Sadra Lotus Medical (Boston Scientific), and the Direct Flow Medical. These new inventions may introduce more effective treatment options for high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. Improvements in transcatheter valves and the developing variability among them may allow for more tailored approaches with respect to patient's anatomy, while giving operators the opportunity to choose devices they feel more comfortable with. Moreover, introducing new devices to the market will create a competitive environment among producers that will reduce high prices and expand availability. The present review article includes a discussion of recent patents related to Transcatheter Aortic Valves.

Ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasingly common. Newer techniques have been developed and indications broadened to a greater number of patients with drug-resistant AF. The first end point of ablation is to cure AF without further need for Anti Arrhythmic Drugs (AADs), but the success rate at 1 year and over, after a single procedure, though higher than the success rate of AADs alone, is not 100% yet. The aim of the present work is to understand the added value of a persistent administration of previously ineffective AADs on the long-term success rate and to evaluate the timing of AADs suspension after ablation in different types of FA, when patients are in constant sinus rhythm after several months. The reduction of symptoms and the fear of asymptomatic recurrences of AF make physicians reluctant to discontinue AADs at the end of the blanking period, though the efficacy of AADs as a permanent solution late after procedure, to increase the sinus rhythm maintenance rate, is still a matter of ongoing debate. At the time, every patient undergoing ablation of AF should be assessed individually about the need to suspend AADs or not. To do this, good knowledge of AF recurrence predictors and long term success rates of AF ablation in specific clinical settings is essential. Loop Recorder as well is very useful in guiding the administration of AADs in a patient-tailored manner. Larger registries and controlled clinical trials in well-defined clinical settings are required to further elucidate the effects of a prolonged action of AADs after AF ablation. The article presented a short discussion of recent patents related to Anti Arrhythmic Drugs.

Canagliflozin-with the patent number WO2011142478A1- belongs to a novel class of antidiabetic drugs known as SGLT2 inhibitors, which has been approved by FDA in March 2013. This medication acts through the inhibition of glucose reabsorption in the kidney resulting in glucosuria and thus lowering of glucose blood levels. There are several phase III clinical ongoing trials involving this new class of medications. So far promising results have been shown. This review article summarizes current knowledge regarding the novel SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin and its future perspectives in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Coronary artery disease is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in the industrialized countries; in the United States of America and in Europe, it is responsible for one of every six deaths per year. In the setting of ischemic heart disease, angina pectoris and chest pain, in particular, are the major causes of emergency department accesses. Angina pectoris is a clinical syndrome characterized by discomfort typically in the chest, neck, chin and left arm induced by physical exertion, emotional stress and cold and is relieved by rest or by taking of nitrates. The main targets of treatment of angina pectoris are to improve quality of life by reducing the frequency and the severity of symptoms, to increase functional capacity and to improve prognosis. Ranolazine is a recent antianginal drug with unique methods of action. It was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2006 as add-on therapy in patients symptomatic for stable angina. With the inhibition of the late sodium current, Ranolazine protects against ion deregulation, prevents cellular calcium overload and the subsequent increase in diastolic tension without impacting heart rate and blood pressure. Short term clinical trials and patent research show that add on therapy with Ranolazine in patients with chronic stable angina significantly improves exercise duration, exercise time to angina and reduces the use of nitro glycerine. Long term clinical trials showed no significant differences in the rate of cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes but a reduction in terms of recurrent ischemia. Ranolazine is generally well tolerated and even if it increases the duration of QTc interval it is not associated with atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Therefore Ranolazine represents a good therapeutic approach in patients with chronic stable angina still symptomatic, while on optimal anti-ischemic therapy, or intolerant to traditional anti-ischemic drugs.

AF represents a significant burden for patients, clinicians and health policy makers alike. Catheter based AF ablation is gaining an increasing role as an effective treatment for AF, capable of reducing or even eliminating the disease. AF ablation relies on isolation of arrhthymogenic triggers and alteration of the atrial substrate by carefully targeted atrial ablation, using a minimally invasive approach. Pre-procedural CT, MRI and echocardiography are crucial in evaluating the degree of atrial remodelling which may impact of procedural success, as well as identification of crucial cardiac and non-cardiac adjacent structures, and LAA thrombus. Electro-anatomical mapping is the cornerstone of intra-procedural imaging, which can be optimised by integration with pre-procedural imaging. Other technologies such as 3D rotational angiograpy, intracardiac echocardiography and real-time MRI are improving the safety and efficacy of the procedure. Post-procedural MRI and CT can effectively monitor and evaluate procedural complications and atrial structure and remodelling. Recent patents demonstrate the wealth of technological advancements in AF ablation and are evident in multiple aspects of the procedure.

In the last decades, the outstanding role of Thyroid gland in regulating both physiological and pathological operation of cardiovascular system has been acknowledged worldwide. Three main domains of Thyroid function, that is to say, euthyroidism -hyperthyroidism-hypothyroidism, have a direct impact on cardiac response through a variety of mechanisms. Cellular pathways mediate in cardiac contractility, cardiac output, cardiac rhythm, arterial blood pressure and peripheral vessel resistance. Particular biochemical algorithms exist not only between Thyroid hormones' serum concentration and thyroid gland but also between the hormones' serum level and heart muscle genes. These biochemical pathways primarily regulate the appropriate secretion of levothyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine(T3) via Thyroid- Stimulating-Hormone(TSH) pituitary system, and secondly adjust the cardiac function. In this study, a mathematic model has been developed describing significant aspects of positive or negative feedback mechanisms of THYRO-CARDIAC (THY-CAR) system along with potential applications of novel up-to-date patents in this area of research.

Surgical aortic valve replacement is the treatment of choice in patients with severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis because it provides excellent early and long-term clinical outcomes in terms of hemodynamics, valve durability, and freedom from valve-related complications. In recent years, the number of high-risk patients being referred for surgical aortic valve replacement has increased. A considerable proportion of these patients are deemed operable despite the high risk. In order to modify the risk predominantly associated with duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and cross clamp time sutureless aortic valve technology has been developed. Sutureless aortic bioprosthetic valves, introduced in clinical practice in 2009, contrary to the conventional surgical technique for implantation (interrupted or continuous sutures, after thorough annular decalcification) are not hand sewn. This technological modification reduces the implantation time with potential translation into improved outcomes for high-risk patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement. Currently, three sutureless bioprostheses are available and amongst these the largest published experience is available for the patented and CE marked truly sutureless PERCEVAL S valve (Sorin Group, Saluggia, Italy). This article provides an overview of the published literature for Perceval S valve with an attempt to better define the role of sutureless aortic valve replacement in the treatment of critical aortic valve stenosis.