Pub Date : 2013-01-01Epub Date: 2013-12-09DOI: 10.1155/2013/384594
Ganna Chornokur, Ernest K Amankwah, Stacy N Davis, Catherine M Phelan, Jong Y Park, Julio Pow-Sang, Nagi B Kumar
Background. Prostate cancer (PCa) racial disparity is multifactorial, involving biological, sociocultural, and lifestyle determinants. We investigated the association between selected potentially functional polymorphisms (SNPs) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk in Black (AAM) and White (EAM) men. We further explored if these associations varied by the body mass index (BMI) and height. Methods. Age-matched DNA samples from 259 AAM and 269 EAM were genotyped for 10 candidate SNPs in 7 genes using the TaqMan allelic differentiation analysis. The dominant, recessive, and additive age-adjusted unconditional logistic regression models were fitted. Results. Three SNPs showed statistically significant associations with PCa risk: in AAM, HNF1B rs7501939 (OR = 2.42, P = 0.0046) and rs4430796 (OR = 0.57, P = 0.0383); in EAM, CTBP2 rs4962416 (OR = 1.52, P = 0.0384). In addition, high BMI in AAM (OR = 1.06, P = 0.022) and height in EAM (OR = 0.92, P = 0.0434) showed significant associations. Interestingly, HNF1B rs7501939 was associated with PCa exclusively in obese AAM (OR = 2.14, P = 0.0103). Conclusion. Our results suggest that variation in the HNF1B may influence PCa risk in obese AAM.
背景。前列腺癌(PCa)的种族差异是多因素的,涉及生物学、社会文化和生活方式的决定因素。我们研究了黑人(AAM)和白人(EAM)男性中选定的潜在功能多态性(snp)与前列腺癌(PCa)风险之间的关系。我们进一步探讨了这些关联是否因体重指数(BMI)和身高而异。方法。利用TaqMan等位基因分化分析,对259份AAM和269份EAM的年龄匹配DNA样本进行了7个基因的10个候选snp的基因分型。拟合了显性、隐性和加性年龄调整无条件logistic回归模型。结果。AAM、HNF1B、rs7501939 (OR = 2.42, P = 0.0046)、rs4430796 (OR = 0.57, P = 0.0383) 3个snp与PCa风险有统计学意义;在EAM中,CTBP2 rs4962416 (OR = 1.52, P = 0.0384)。此外,AAM的高BMI (OR = 1.06, P = 0.022)与EAM的高身高(OR = 0.92, P = 0.0434)呈显著相关。有趣的是,HNF1B rs7501939仅在肥胖AAM中与PCa相关(OR = 2.14, P = 0.0103)。结论。我们的研究结果表明,HNF1B的变异可能影响肥胖AAM中PCa的风险。
{"title":"Variation in HNF1B and Obesity May Influence Prostate Cancer Risk in African American Men: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Ganna Chornokur, Ernest K Amankwah, Stacy N Davis, Catherine M Phelan, Jong Y Park, Julio Pow-Sang, Nagi B Kumar","doi":"10.1155/2013/384594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/384594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. Prostate cancer (PCa) racial disparity is multifactorial, involving biological, sociocultural, and lifestyle determinants. We investigated the association between selected potentially functional polymorphisms (SNPs) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk in Black (AAM) and White (EAM) men. We further explored if these associations varied by the body mass index (BMI) and height. Methods. Age-matched DNA samples from 259 AAM and 269 EAM were genotyped for 10 candidate SNPs in 7 genes using the TaqMan allelic differentiation analysis. The dominant, recessive, and additive age-adjusted unconditional logistic regression models were fitted. Results. Three SNPs showed statistically significant associations with PCa risk: in AAM, HNF1B rs7501939 (OR = 2.42, P = 0.0046) and rs4430796 (OR = 0.57, P = 0.0383); in EAM, CTBP2 rs4962416 (OR = 1.52, P = 0.0384). In addition, high BMI in AAM (OR = 1.06, P = 0.022) and height in EAM (OR = 0.92, P = 0.0434) showed significant associations. Interestingly, HNF1B rs7501939 was associated with PCa exclusively in obese AAM (OR = 2.14, P = 0.0103). Conclusion. Our results suggest that variation in the HNF1B may influence PCa risk in obese AAM. </p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":"2013 ","pages":"384594"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/384594","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31996611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01Epub Date: 2013-12-12DOI: 10.1155/2013/418340
Emma Roberts, Davina A F Cossigny, Gerald M Y Quan
Despite the clinical implication and high incidence of bone and spinal metastases, the molecular mechanisms behind prostate cancer metastasis to bone and spine are not well understood. In this review the molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the highly metastatic phenotype of prostate cancer are discussed. Proangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been shown to not only aid in the metastatic capabilities of prostate cancer but also encourage the colonization and growth of prostate tumour cells in the skeleton. The importance of VEGF in the complex process of prostate cancer dissemination to the skeleton is discussed, including its role in the development of the bone premetastatic niche, metastatic tumour cell recognition of bone, and bone remodeling. The expression of VEGF has also been shown to be upregulated in prostate cancer and is associated with clinical stage, Gleason score, tumour stage, progression, metastasis, and survival. Due to the multifaceted effect VEGF has on tumour angiogenesis, tumour cell proliferation, and bone destruction, therapies targeting the VEGF pathways have shown promising clinical application and are being investigated in clinical trials.
{"title":"The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in metastatic prostate cancer to the skeleton.","authors":"Emma Roberts, Davina A F Cossigny, Gerald M Y Quan","doi":"10.1155/2013/418340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/418340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the clinical implication and high incidence of bone and spinal metastases, the molecular mechanisms behind prostate cancer metastasis to bone and spine are not well understood. In this review the molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the highly metastatic phenotype of prostate cancer are discussed. Proangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been shown to not only aid in the metastatic capabilities of prostate cancer but also encourage the colonization and growth of prostate tumour cells in the skeleton. The importance of VEGF in the complex process of prostate cancer dissemination to the skeleton is discussed, including its role in the development of the bone premetastatic niche, metastatic tumour cell recognition of bone, and bone remodeling. The expression of VEGF has also been shown to be upregulated in prostate cancer and is associated with clinical stage, Gleason score, tumour stage, progression, metastasis, and survival. Due to the multifaceted effect VEGF has on tumour angiogenesis, tumour cell proliferation, and bone destruction, therapies targeting the VEGF pathways have shown promising clinical application and are being investigated in clinical trials. </p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":"2013 ","pages":"418340"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/418340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32007000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01Epub Date: 2012-12-30DOI: 10.1155/2012/580306
Matthew E Johnson, Mark K Buyyounouski
Androgen deprivation therapy is commonly used in combination with radiotherapy as part of the definitive treatment for men with clinically localized and locally advanced prostate cancer. Androgen deprivation has been associated with a wide range of iatrogenic effects impacting a variety of body systems including metabolic, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, neurocognitive, and sexual. This review aims to provide the radiation oncology community with the knowledge to monitor and manage androgen deprivation therapy toxicity in an effort to provide the highest level of care for patients and to minimize the iatrogenic effects of androgen deprivation as much as possible.
{"title":"Androgen deprivation therapy toxicity and management for men receiving radiation therapy.","authors":"Matthew E Johnson, Mark K Buyyounouski","doi":"10.1155/2012/580306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/580306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Androgen deprivation therapy is commonly used in combination with radiotherapy as part of the definitive treatment for men with clinically localized and locally advanced prostate cancer. Androgen deprivation has been associated with a wide range of iatrogenic effects impacting a variety of body systems including metabolic, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, neurocognitive, and sexual. This review aims to provide the radiation oncology community with the knowledge to monitor and manage androgen deprivation therapy toxicity in an effort to provide the highest level of care for patients and to minimize the iatrogenic effects of androgen deprivation as much as possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":"2012 ","pages":"580306"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/580306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31167671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01Epub Date: 2012-12-24DOI: 10.1155/2012/814724
Allison Steigler, James W Denham, David S Lamb, Nigel A Spry, David Joseph, John Matthews, Chris Atkinson, Sandra Turner, John North, David Christie, Keen-Hun Tai, Chris Wynne
Purpose. Survival following biochemical failure is highly variable. Using a randomized trial dataset, we sought to define a risk stratification scheme in men with locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPC). Methods. The TROG 96.01 trial randomized 802 men with LAPC to radiation ± neoadjuvant androgen suppression therapy (AST) between 1996 and 2000. Ten-year follow-up data was used to develop three-tier post-biochemical failure risk stratification schemes based on cutpoints of time to biochemical failure (TTBF) and PSA doubling time (PSADT). Schemes were evaluated in univariable, competing risk models for prostate cancer-specific mortality. The performance was assessed by c-indices and internally validated by the simple bootstrap method. Performance rankings were compared in sensitivity analyses using multivariable models and variations in PSADT calculation. Results. 485 men developed biochemical failure. c-indices ranged between 0.630 and 0.730. The most discriminatory scheme had a high risk category defined by PSADT < 4 months or TTBF < 1 year and low risk category by PSADT > 9 months or TTBF > 3 years. Conclusion. TTBF and PSADT can be combined to define risk stratification schemes after biochemical failure in men with LAPC treated with short-term AST and radiotherapy. External validation, particularly in long-term AST and radiotherapy datasets, is necessary.
{"title":"Risk Stratification after Biochemical Failure following Curative Treatment of Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer: Data from the TROG 96.01 Trial.","authors":"Allison Steigler, James W Denham, David S Lamb, Nigel A Spry, David Joseph, John Matthews, Chris Atkinson, Sandra Turner, John North, David Christie, Keen-Hun Tai, Chris Wynne","doi":"10.1155/2012/814724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/814724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Purpose. Survival following biochemical failure is highly variable. Using a randomized trial dataset, we sought to define a risk stratification scheme in men with locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPC). Methods. The TROG 96.01 trial randomized 802 men with LAPC to radiation ± neoadjuvant androgen suppression therapy (AST) between 1996 and 2000. Ten-year follow-up data was used to develop three-tier post-biochemical failure risk stratification schemes based on cutpoints of time to biochemical failure (TTBF) and PSA doubling time (PSADT). Schemes were evaluated in univariable, competing risk models for prostate cancer-specific mortality. The performance was assessed by c-indices and internally validated by the simple bootstrap method. Performance rankings were compared in sensitivity analyses using multivariable models and variations in PSADT calculation. Results. 485 men developed biochemical failure. c-indices ranged between 0.630 and 0.730. The most discriminatory scheme had a high risk category defined by PSADT < 4 months or TTBF < 1 year and low risk category by PSADT > 9 months or TTBF > 3 years. Conclusion. TTBF and PSADT can be combined to define risk stratification schemes after biochemical failure in men with LAPC treated with short-term AST and radiotherapy. External validation, particularly in long-term AST and radiotherapy datasets, is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":"2012 ","pages":"814724"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/814724","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31162877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01Epub Date: 2011-07-13DOI: 10.1155/2012/130579
Dale W Litzenberg, James M Balter, Scott W Hadley, Daniel A Hamstra, Twyla R Willoughby, Patrick A Kupelian, Toufik Djemil, Arul Mahadevan, Shirish Jani, Geoffrey Weinstein, Timothy Solberg, Charles Enke, Lisa Levine, Howard M Sandler
The purpose of this work is to determine appropriate radiation therapy beam margins to account for intrafraction prostate translations for use with real-time electromagnetic position monitoring and correction strategies. Motion was measured continuously in 35 patients over 1157 fractions at 5 institutions. This data was studied using van Herk's formula of (αΣ + γσ') for situations ranging from no electromagnetic guidance to automated real-time corrections. Without electromagnetic guidance, margins of over 10 mm are necessary to ensure 95% dosimetric coverage while automated electromagnetic guidance allows the margins necessary for intrafraction translations to be reduced to submillimeter levels. Factors such as prostate deformation and rotation, which are not included in this analysis, will become the dominant concerns as margins are reduced. Continuous electromagnetic monitoring and automated correction have the potential to reduce prostate margins to 2-3 mm, while ensuring that a higher percentage of patients (99% versus 90%) receive a greater percentage (99% versus 95%) of the prescription dose.
{"title":"Prostate intrafraction translation margins for real-time monitoring and correction strategies.","authors":"Dale W Litzenberg, James M Balter, Scott W Hadley, Daniel A Hamstra, Twyla R Willoughby, Patrick A Kupelian, Toufik Djemil, Arul Mahadevan, Shirish Jani, Geoffrey Weinstein, Timothy Solberg, Charles Enke, Lisa Levine, Howard M Sandler","doi":"10.1155/2012/130579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/130579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this work is to determine appropriate radiation therapy beam margins to account for intrafraction prostate translations for use with real-time electromagnetic position monitoring and correction strategies. Motion was measured continuously in 35 patients over 1157 fractions at 5 institutions. This data was studied using van Herk's formula of (αΣ + γσ') for situations ranging from no electromagnetic guidance to automated real-time corrections. Without electromagnetic guidance, margins of over 10 mm are necessary to ensure 95% dosimetric coverage while automated electromagnetic guidance allows the margins necessary for intrafraction translations to be reduced to submillimeter levels. Factors such as prostate deformation and rotation, which are not included in this analysis, will become the dominant concerns as margins are reduced. Continuous electromagnetic monitoring and automated correction have the potential to reduce prostate margins to 2-3 mm, while ensuring that a higher percentage of patients (99% versus 90%) receive a greater percentage (99% versus 95%) of the prescription dose.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":"2012 ","pages":"130579"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/130579","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30276518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01Epub Date: 2011-09-08DOI: 10.1155/2012/593241
Helmut Bonkhoff
Tissue markers may be helpful in enhancing prediction of radiation therapy (RT) failure of prostate cancer (PCa). Among the various biomarkers tested in Phase III randomized trials conducted by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, p16, Ki-67, MDM2, COX-2, and PKA yielded the most robust data in predicting RT failure. Other pathways involved in RT failure are also implicated in the development of castration-resistant PCa, including the hypersensitive androgen receptor, EGFR, VEGF-R, and PI3K/Akt. Most of them are detectable in PCa tissue even at the time of initial diagnosis. Emerging evidence suggests that RT failure of PCa results from a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease process. A number of tissue markers are available to identify patients at high risk to fail RT. Some of these markers have the promise to be targeted by drugs currently available to enhance the efficacy of RT and delay disease progression.
{"title":"Factors implicated in radiation therapy failure and radiosensitization of prostate cancer.","authors":"Helmut Bonkhoff","doi":"10.1155/2012/593241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/593241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue markers may be helpful in enhancing prediction of radiation therapy (RT) failure of prostate cancer (PCa). Among the various biomarkers tested in Phase III randomized trials conducted by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, p16, Ki-67, MDM2, COX-2, and PKA yielded the most robust data in predicting RT failure. Other pathways involved in RT failure are also implicated in the development of castration-resistant PCa, including the hypersensitive androgen receptor, EGFR, VEGF-R, and PI3K/Akt. Most of them are detectable in PCa tissue even at the time of initial diagnosis. Emerging evidence suggests that RT failure of PCa results from a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease process. A number of tissue markers are available to identify patients at high risk to fail RT. Some of these markers have the promise to be targeted by drugs currently available to enhance the efficacy of RT and delay disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":"2012 ","pages":"593241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/593241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30373674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01Epub Date: 2012-12-31DOI: 10.1155/2012/587139
Daniel W Smith, Diliana Stoimenova, Khadijah Eid, Al Barqawi
Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among men in the United States, second only to nonmelanomatous skin cancer. Since prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing came into widespread use in the late 1980s, there has been a sharp increase in annual prostate cancer incidence. Cancer-specific mortality, though, is relatively low. The majority of these cancers will not progress to mortal disease, yet most men who are diagnosed opt for treatment as opposed to observation or active surveillance (AS). These men are thus burdened with the morbidities associated with aggressive treatments, commonly incontinence and erectile dysfunction, without receiving a mortality benefit. It is therefore necessary to both continue investigating outcomes associated with AS and to develop less invasive techniques for those who desire treatment but without the significant potential for quality-of-life side effects seen with aggressive modalities. The goals of this paper are to discuss the problems of overdiagnosis and overtreatment since the advent of PSA screening as well as the potential for targeted focal therapy (TFT) to bridge the gap between AS and definitive therapies. Furthermore, patient selection criteria for TFT, costs, side effects, and brachytherapy template-guided three-dimensional mapping biopsies (3DMB) for tumor localization will also be explored.
{"title":"The role of targeted focal therapy in the management of low-risk prostate cancer: update on current challenges.","authors":"Daniel W Smith, Diliana Stoimenova, Khadijah Eid, Al Barqawi","doi":"10.1155/2012/587139","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2012/587139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among men in the United States, second only to nonmelanomatous skin cancer. Since prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing came into widespread use in the late 1980s, there has been a sharp increase in annual prostate cancer incidence. Cancer-specific mortality, though, is relatively low. The majority of these cancers will not progress to mortal disease, yet most men who are diagnosed opt for treatment as opposed to observation or active surveillance (AS). These men are thus burdened with the morbidities associated with aggressive treatments, commonly incontinence and erectile dysfunction, without receiving a mortality benefit. It is therefore necessary to both continue investigating outcomes associated with AS and to develop less invasive techniques for those who desire treatment but without the significant potential for quality-of-life side effects seen with aggressive modalities. The goals of this paper are to discuss the problems of overdiagnosis and overtreatment since the advent of PSA screening as well as the potential for targeted focal therapy (TFT) to bridge the gap between AS and definitive therapies. Furthermore, patient selection criteria for TFT, costs, side effects, and brachytherapy template-guided three-dimensional mapping biopsies (3DMB) for tumor localization will also be explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":"2012 ","pages":"587139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3549346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31185223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01Epub Date: 2012-05-14DOI: 10.1155/2012/302894
Kristina A Trujillo, Anna C Jones, Jeffrey K Griffith, Marco Bisoffi
Field cancerization denotes the occurrence of genetic, epigenetic, and biochemical aberrations in structurally intact cells in histologically normal tissues adjacent to cancerous lesions. This paper tabulates markers of prostate field cancerization known to date and discusses their potential clinical value in the analysis of prostate biopsies, including diagnosis, monitoring progression during active surveillance, and assessing efficacy of presurgical neoadjuvant and focal therapeutic interventions.
{"title":"Markers of field cancerization: proposed clinical applications in prostate biopsies.","authors":"Kristina A Trujillo, Anna C Jones, Jeffrey K Griffith, Marco Bisoffi","doi":"10.1155/2012/302894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/302894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Field cancerization denotes the occurrence of genetic, epigenetic, and biochemical aberrations in structurally intact cells in histologically normal tissues adjacent to cancerous lesions. This paper tabulates markers of prostate field cancerization known to date and discusses their potential clinical value in the analysis of prostate biopsies, including diagnosis, monitoring progression during active surveillance, and assessing efficacy of presurgical neoadjuvant and focal therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":"2012 ","pages":"302894"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/302894","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30665640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01Epub Date: 2012-06-03DOI: 10.1155/2012/690210
Algimantas Sruogis, Albertas Ulys, Giedre Smailyte, Zygimantas Kardelis, Arunas Kulboka, Giedre Anglickienė, Nerimantas Samalavicius, Marius Anglickis
Objectives. To determine incidentally found prostate cancer frequency and impact on overall survival after RCP. Patients and Methods. The records of 81 men who underwent cystoprostatectomy from January 2000 to December 2009 were reviewed. The vital status of the study group was assessed as on September 1, 2009, by passive followup, using data from the population registry. Results. The 81 men underwent RCP. The incidental prostate cancer was found in the specimens of 27 (33.3%) patients. 13 (48.1%) of 27 prostate cancer cases were clinically significant. For 3 patients (11.1%) an extraprostatic extension was found. For 2 patients (7.4%)—positive margins, for 1 patient (3.7%)—Gleason sum 8, and for the rest 7 patients bigger than 0.5 cm3 volume tumor, and Gleason sum 7 was found. The mean follow-up time was 39.2 ± 33.8 months (varies from 0.8 to 131.2 months). The patients with bladder cancer and incidentally found prostate cancer lived shorter (28.1 ± 27.5 and 45.5 ± 35.40 months). Higher overall survival (P = 0.03) was found in the patient group with bladder cancer without incidentally diagnosed prostate cancer. Conclusion. There are indications that in this small study prostate cancer has influenced on patients' survival with bladder cancer after radical cystoprostatectomy.
目标。确定偶然发现前列腺癌的频率及其对RCP术后总生存率的影响。患者和方法。本文回顾了2000年1月至2009年12月行膀胱前列腺切除术的81例男性患者的记录。通过被动随访,使用人口登记处的数据,于2009年9月1日对研究组的生命状况进行评估。结果。81名男性接受了RCP。27例(33.3%)患者标本中发现偶发前列腺癌。27例前列腺癌中有13例(48.1%)具有临床意义。3例患者(11.1%)发现前列腺外展。2例(7.4%)边缘阳性,1例(3.7%)Gleason sum 8,其余7例肿瘤体积大于0.5 cm(3),并发现Gleason sum 7。平均随访时间39.2±33.8个月(0.8 ~ 131.2个月)。膀胱癌伴发前列腺癌患者生存时间较短,分别为28.1±27.5个月和45.5±35.40个月。膀胱癌患者的总生存率高于前列腺癌患者(P = 0.03)。结论。有迹象表明,在这项小型研究中,前列腺癌影响膀胱癌根治性膀胱前列腺切除术后患者的生存。
{"title":"Incidentally found prostate cancer and influence on overall survival after radical cystoprostatectomy.","authors":"Algimantas Sruogis, Albertas Ulys, Giedre Smailyte, Zygimantas Kardelis, Arunas Kulboka, Giedre Anglickienė, Nerimantas Samalavicius, Marius Anglickis","doi":"10.1155/2012/690210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/690210","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. To determine incidentally found prostate cancer frequency and impact on overall survival after RCP. Patients and Methods. The records of 81 men who underwent cystoprostatectomy from January 2000 to December 2009 were reviewed. The vital status of the study group was assessed as on September 1, 2009, by passive followup, using data from the population registry. Results. The 81 men underwent RCP. The incidental prostate cancer was found in the specimens of 27 (33.3%) patients. 13 (48.1%) of 27 prostate cancer cases were clinically significant. For 3 patients (11.1%) an extraprostatic extension was found. For 2 patients (7.4%)—positive margins, for 1 patient (3.7%)—Gleason sum 8, and for the rest 7 patients bigger than 0.5 cm3 volume tumor, and Gleason sum 7 was found. The mean follow-up time was 39.2 ± 33.8 months (varies from 0.8 to 131.2 months). The patients with bladder cancer and incidentally found prostate cancer lived shorter (28.1 ± 27.5 and 45.5 ± 35.40 months). Higher overall survival (P = 0.03) was found in the patient group with bladder cancer without incidentally diagnosed prostate cancer. Conclusion. There are indications that in this small study prostate cancer has influenced on patients' survival with bladder cancer after radical cystoprostatectomy.","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":"2012 ","pages":"690210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/690210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30693085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01Epub Date: 2012-11-13DOI: 10.1155/2012/323296
Fred Tabung, Susan E Steck, L Joseph Su, James L Mohler, Elizabeth T H Fontham, Jeannette T Bensen, James R Hebert, Hongmei Zhang, Lenore Arab
Purpose. To examine the associations among intake of refined grains, whole grains and dietary fiber and aggressiveness of prostate cancer in African Americans (AA, n = 930) and European Americans (EA, n = 993) in a population-based, case-only study (The North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project, PCaP). Methods. Prostate cancer aggressiveness was categorized as high, intermediate or low based on Gleason grade, PSA level and clinical stage. Dietary intake was assessed utilizing the NCI Diet History Questionnaire. Logistic regression (comparing high to intermediate/low aggressive cancers) and polytomous regression with adjustment for potential confounders were used to determine odds of high prostate cancer aggressiveness with intake of refined grains, whole grains and dietary fiber from all sources. Results. An inverse association with aggressive prostate cancer was observed in the 2nd and 3rd tertiles of total fiber intake (OR = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.50-0.97 and OR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40-0.93, resp.) as compared to the lowest tertile of intake. In the race-stratified analyses, inverse associations were observed in the 3rd tertile of total fiber intake for EA (OR = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.23-0.87) and the 2nd tertile of intake for AA (OR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.35-0.95). Conclusions. Dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with aggressive prostate cancer among both AA and EA men.
目的。在一项以人群为基础的病例研究(北卡罗莱纳州-路易斯安那州前列腺癌项目,PCaP)中,研究非裔美国人(AA, n = 930)和欧裔美国人(EA, n = 993)中精制谷物、全谷物和膳食纤维的摄入与前列腺癌侵袭性之间的关系。方法。根据Gleason分级、PSA水平和临床分期将前列腺癌侵袭性分为高、中、低三个级别。使用NCI饮食史问卷评估饮食摄入量。采用Logistic回归(比较高侵袭性与中/低侵袭性癌症)和校正潜在混杂因素的多元回归来确定摄入各种来源的精制谷物、全谷物和膳食纤维的前列腺癌高侵袭性的几率。结果。总纤维摄入量的第二和第三十分之一与侵袭性前列腺癌呈负相关(OR = 0.70;95% CI, 0.50-0.97, OR = 0.61;95% CI, 0.40-0.93,相对而言)。在种族分层分析中,在EA总纤维摄入量的第三分位数中观察到负相关(OR = 0.44;95% CI, 0.23-0.87)和AA摄取量的第二分位数(OR = 0.57;95% ci, 0.35-0.95)。结论。在AA和EA男性中,膳食纤维摄入量与侵袭性前列腺癌呈负相关。
{"title":"Intake of grains and dietary fiber and prostate cancer aggressiveness by race.","authors":"Fred Tabung, Susan E Steck, L Joseph Su, James L Mohler, Elizabeth T H Fontham, Jeannette T Bensen, James R Hebert, Hongmei Zhang, Lenore Arab","doi":"10.1155/2012/323296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/323296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Purpose. To examine the associations among intake of refined grains, whole grains and dietary fiber and aggressiveness of prostate cancer in African Americans (AA, n = 930) and European Americans (EA, n = 993) in a population-based, case-only study (The North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project, PCaP). Methods. Prostate cancer aggressiveness was categorized as high, intermediate or low based on Gleason grade, PSA level and clinical stage. Dietary intake was assessed utilizing the NCI Diet History Questionnaire. Logistic regression (comparing high to intermediate/low aggressive cancers) and polytomous regression with adjustment for potential confounders were used to determine odds of high prostate cancer aggressiveness with intake of refined grains, whole grains and dietary fiber from all sources. Results. An inverse association with aggressive prostate cancer was observed in the 2nd and 3rd tertiles of total fiber intake (OR = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.50-0.97 and OR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40-0.93, resp.) as compared to the lowest tertile of intake. In the race-stratified analyses, inverse associations were observed in the 3rd tertile of total fiber intake for EA (OR = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.23-0.87) and the 2nd tertile of intake for AA (OR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.35-0.95). Conclusions. Dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with aggressive prostate cancer among both AA and EA men.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":"2012 ","pages":"323296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/323296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31101152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}