Pub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202038467
D. Muller, O. C. Cyr, I. Zouganelis, H. Gilbert, R. Marsden, T. Nieves-chinchilla, E. Antonucci, F. Auchère, D. Berghmans, T. Horbury, R. Howard, S. Krucker, M. Maksimović, C. Owen, P. Rochus, J. Rodríguez-Pacheco, M. Romoli, S. Solanki, R. Bruno, M. Carlsson, A. Fludra, L. Harra, D. Hassler, S. Livi, P. Louarn, H. Peter, U. Schühle, L. Teriaca, J. C. D. T. Iniesta, R. Wimmer–Schweingruber, E. Marsch, M. Velli, A. Groof, A. Walsh, David R. Williams
The ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission will address the central question of heliophysics: How does the Sun create and control the heliosphere? The heliosphere represents a uniquely accessible domain of space, where fundamental physical processes common to solar, astrophysical and laboratory plasmas can be studied under conditions impossible to reproduce on Earth and unfeasible to observe from astronomical distances. In this paper, we present a brief overview of the mission.
{"title":"The Solar Orbiter mission","authors":"D. Muller, O. C. Cyr, I. Zouganelis, H. Gilbert, R. Marsden, T. Nieves-chinchilla, E. Antonucci, F. Auchère, D. Berghmans, T. Horbury, R. Howard, S. Krucker, M. Maksimović, C. Owen, P. Rochus, J. Rodríguez-Pacheco, M. Romoli, S. Solanki, R. Bruno, M. Carlsson, A. Fludra, L. Harra, D. Hassler, S. Livi, P. Louarn, H. Peter, U. Schühle, L. Teriaca, J. C. D. T. Iniesta, R. Wimmer–Schweingruber, E. Marsch, M. Velli, A. Groof, A. Walsh, David R. Williams","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202038467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038467","url":null,"abstract":"The ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission will address the central question of heliophysics: How does the Sun create and control the heliosphere? The heliosphere represents a uniquely accessible domain of space, where fundamental physical processes common to solar, astrophysical and laboratory plasmas can be studied under conditions impossible to reproduce on Earth and unfeasible to observe from astronomical distances. In this paper, we present a brief overview of the mission.","PeriodicalId":209106,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Photonics - Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125464776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I will describe explanations of 1) Michelson-Morley type experiments, 2) Muon decay puzzle, and 3) Doppler’s effect in light. The explanation of Michelson-Morley type experiments is based on the emission-wave mechanism. The resolution of the muon decay puzzle is then based on Pauli’s exclusion principle as applied to a system of interacting muon and electrons surrounding it during its passage in the Earth’s atmosphere. The explanation of the Doppler shift in frequency is then based on the analysis of proper locations on the light fronts. Notably, these explanations do not involve either the time-dilation or the length contraction as in the Special Theory of Relativity. That is to say, these explanations do not use the Lorentz transformations. Nevertheless, they are based on the principle that the speed of light is the same for all observers, whether accelerated or not. These results then render the concepts of special relativity, like time-dilation and length-contraction, to be inessential for physics, in general. But, these results are consistent with the framework of the Universal Theory of Relativity that allows for universal time running at the same rate for all observers and are definite pointers to subtlety in the applications of the concepts of relativity, therefore.
{"title":"Subtlety in relativity","authors":"S. Wagh","doi":"10.1117/12.2022734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2022734","url":null,"abstract":"I will describe explanations of 1) Michelson-Morley type experiments, 2) Muon decay puzzle, and 3) Doppler’s effect in light. The explanation of Michelson-Morley type experiments is based on the emission-wave mechanism. The resolution of the muon decay puzzle is then based on Pauli’s exclusion principle as applied to a system of interacting muon and electrons surrounding it during its passage in the Earth’s atmosphere. The explanation of the Doppler shift in frequency is then based on the analysis of proper locations on the light fronts. Notably, these explanations do not involve either the time-dilation or the length contraction as in the Special Theory of Relativity. That is to say, these explanations do not use the Lorentz transformations. Nevertheless, they are based on the principle that the speed of light is the same for all observers, whether accelerated or not. These results then render the concepts of special relativity, like time-dilation and length-contraction, to be inessential for physics, in general. But, these results are consistent with the framework of the Universal Theory of Relativity that allows for universal time running at the same rate for all observers and are definite pointers to subtlety in the applications of the concepts of relativity, therefore.","PeriodicalId":209106,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Photonics - Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"130 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130205056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Direct detection is a very promising field in exoplanet science. It allows the detection of companions with large separation and allows their spectral analysis. A few planets have already been detected and are under spectral analysis. But the full spectral characterization of smaller and colder planets requires higher contrast levels over large spectral bandwidths. Coronagraphs can be used to reach these contrasts, but their efficiency is limited by wavefront aberrations. These deformations induce speckles, star lights leaks, in the focal plane after the coronagraph. The wavefront aberrations should be estimated directly in the science image to avoid usual limitations by differential aberrations in classical adaptive optics. In this context, we introduce the Self- Coherent Camera (SCC). The SCC uses the coherence of the star light to produce a spatial modulation of the speckles in the focal plane and estimate the associated electric complex field. Controlling the wavefront with a deformable mirror, high contrasts have already been reached in monochromatic light with this technique. The performance of the current version of the SCC is limited when widening the spectral bandwidth. We will present a theoretical analysis of these issues and their possible solution. Finally, we will present test bench performance in polychromatic light.
{"title":"Speckle correction in polychromatic light with the self-coherent camera for the direct detection of exoplanets","authors":"J. Mazoyer, R. Galicher, P. Baudoz, G. Rousset","doi":"10.1117/12.2023508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2023508","url":null,"abstract":"Direct detection is a very promising field in exoplanet science. It allows the detection of companions with large separation and allows their spectral analysis. A few planets have already been detected and are under spectral analysis. But the full spectral characterization of smaller and colder planets requires higher contrast levels over large spectral bandwidths. Coronagraphs can be used to reach these contrasts, but their efficiency is limited by wavefront aberrations. These deformations induce speckles, star lights leaks, in the focal plane after the coronagraph. The wavefront aberrations should be estimated directly in the science image to avoid usual limitations by differential aberrations in classical adaptive optics. In this context, we introduce the Self- Coherent Camera (SCC). The SCC uses the coherence of the star light to produce a spatial modulation of the speckles in the focal plane and estimate the associated electric complex field. Controlling the wavefront with a deformable mirror, high contrasts have already been reached in monochromatic light with this technique. The performance of the current version of the SCC is limited when widening the spectral bandwidth. We will present a theoretical analysis of these issues and their possible solution. Finally, we will present test bench performance in polychromatic light.","PeriodicalId":209106,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Photonics - Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130031147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this project was to design a “telescope” whose mirrors and support structures were all made of aluminum in order for it to remain in focus for all environmental temperatures. The telescope was mounted on a gimbal structure that was an elevation over azimuth assembly. The purpose of the telescope was to track in all directions in order to detect “enemy” activities such as visual or sound detection at the site of the telescope. The final assembly was eventually purchased by the Secession Activists of Quebec to scan all around for non-French speaking dissidents seeking to spy on them. It was also shipped to South Korea to detect activities by North Korea and shipped to Northern Ireland to spy on the British and finally it also was sent to a high altitude location in Israel. The peculiar thing about the one in Israel was that similar to reading and writing Hebrew from right to left, the telescope was only allowed to scan from right to left. Two unique mechanical designs involved in this telescope are discussed here. The first one is the design of a stop at each end of the azimuth travel that was greater than 360 degrees, and the second was the design of a gearing system that drove both elevation and azimuth assemblies with no backlash
{"title":"See evil, hear evil","authors":"P. Pressel","doi":"10.1117/12.2065768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2065768","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this project was to design a “telescope” whose mirrors and support structures were all made of aluminum in order for it to remain in focus for all environmental temperatures. The telescope was mounted on a gimbal structure that was an elevation over azimuth assembly. The purpose of the telescope was to track in all directions in order to detect “enemy” activities such as visual or sound detection at the site of the telescope. The final assembly was eventually purchased by the Secession Activists of Quebec to scan all around for non-French speaking dissidents seeking to spy on them. It was also shipped to South Korea to detect activities by North Korea and shipped to Northern Ireland to spy on the British and finally it also was sent to a high altitude location in Israel. The peculiar thing about the one in Israel was that similar to reading and writing Hebrew from right to left, the telescope was only allowed to scan from right to left. Two unique mechanical designs involved in this telescope are discussed here. The first one is the design of a stop at each end of the azimuth travel that was greater than 360 degrees, and the second was the design of a gearing system that drove both elevation and azimuth assemblies with no backlash","PeriodicalId":209106,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Photonics - Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115841745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I have two subjects I want to talk about today – one is on some historical experiences, and the other is about mistakes made in the development of high-performance optical systems, develop of functional requirements and flow-downs, identification of design approaches for an instrument, etc. One thing I'm working on relates to polarization and how it affects radiometry and the image quality of an optical system and so we’ll spend a little bit of time talking about that. Finally, though the HST failure has been widely covered, a few additional comments are probably also worthy of mention.
{"title":"Bumps in the road","authors":"J. Breckinridge","doi":"10.1117/12.2066922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2066922","url":null,"abstract":"I have two subjects I want to talk about today – one is on some historical experiences, and the other is about mistakes made in the development of high-performance optical systems, develop of functional requirements and flow-downs, identification of design approaches for an instrument, etc. One thing I'm working on relates to polarization and how it affects radiometry and the image quality of an optical system and so we’ll spend a little bit of time talking about that. Finally, though the HST failure has been widely covered, a few additional comments are probably also worthy of mention.","PeriodicalId":209106,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Photonics - Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124064977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is about the development, design, fabrication and use of the KH-9 Hexagon spy in the sky satellite camera system that was finally declassified by the National Reconnaissance Office on September 17, 2011 twenty five years after the program ended. It was the last film based reconnaissance camera and was known by experts in the field as “the most complicated system ever put up in orbit.” It provided important intelligence for the United States government and was the reason that President Nixon was able to sign the SALT treaty, and when President Reagan said “Trust but Verify” it provided the means of verification. Each satellite weighed 30,000 pounds and carried two cameras thereby permitting photographs of the entire landmass of the earth to be taken in stereo. Each camera carried up to 30 miles of film for a total of 60 miles of film. Ultra-complex mechanisms controlled the structurally “wimpy” film that traveled at speeds up to 204 inches per second at the focal plane and was perfectly synchronized to the optical image.
{"title":"History of the formerly top secret KH-9 Hexagon spy satellite","authors":"P. Pressel","doi":"10.1117/12.2066927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2066927","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is about the development, design, fabrication and use of the KH-9 Hexagon spy in the sky satellite camera system that was finally declassified by the National Reconnaissance Office on September 17, 2011 twenty five years after the program ended. It was the last film based reconnaissance camera and was known by experts in the field as “the most complicated system ever put up in orbit.” It provided important intelligence for the United States government and was the reason that President Nixon was able to sign the SALT treaty, and when President Reagan said “Trust but Verify” it provided the means of verification. Each satellite weighed 30,000 pounds and carried two cameras thereby permitting photographs of the entire landmass of the earth to be taken in stereo. Each camera carried up to 30 miles of film for a total of 60 miles of film. Ultra-complex mechanisms controlled the structurally “wimpy” film that traveled at speeds up to 204 inches per second at the focal plane and was perfectly synchronized to the optical image.","PeriodicalId":209106,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Photonics - Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127412945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This presentation will cover 64 years of experience with telescopes, optical components, optical coatings, large optics, optical fabrication, lasers and related subjects. It will focus on five topic areas paying special attention to critical lessons learned in these areas. Part 1 will cover contributions and inherent value of mentoring in optical and astronomical sciences. This will include specific personal experiences and valuable lessons learned from teachers and mentors going back to the beginning of the space age and the first satellites. It will also cover selected examples from the author’s mentoring and community optics and astronomy outreach efforts. Part 2 will delineate the lessons learned from the investigation and independent expert review and assessment of optical damage incidents over a period of five decades. It will also recount frequent optical misconceptions that have negatively impacted efficient system development and implementation over the years and how to avoid them. Part 3 will consist of a short tutorial on the tools, techniques, and the “how and why” of optical inspection. This will be interlinked with the previous optical damage and mistakes topic, where possible. Part 4 will consist of the author’s involvement and experiences in optical education with emphasis on the founding and early years of the University of Arizona Optical Sciences Center, now the College of Optical Sciences. Part 5 will cover the enduring issues and challenges for managers, planners and contributing scientists for large optics and telescope projects. This brief overview will follow up and expand upon the author’s presentation on this topic at the 1985 “SPIE Optical Fabrication and Testing Workshop: Large Telescope Optics”, Albuquerque, NM. Throughout all topic areas presented, the author will stress the lessons learned and the value of these lessons to the planning, management and successful execution of future optics projects and programs.
{"title":"Two to the sixth and counting: a lifetime of optical experiences","authors":"J. Mayo","doi":"10.1117/12.2066923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2066923","url":null,"abstract":"This presentation will cover 64 years of experience with telescopes, optical components, optical coatings, large optics, optical fabrication, lasers and related subjects. It will focus on five topic areas paying special attention to critical lessons learned in these areas. Part 1 will cover contributions and inherent value of mentoring in optical and astronomical sciences. This will include specific personal experiences and valuable lessons learned from teachers and mentors going back to the beginning of the space age and the first satellites. It will also cover selected examples from the author’s mentoring and community optics and astronomy outreach efforts. Part 2 will delineate the lessons learned from the investigation and independent expert review and assessment of optical damage incidents over a period of five decades. It will also recount frequent optical misconceptions that have negatively impacted efficient system development and implementation over the years and how to avoid them. Part 3 will consist of a short tutorial on the tools, techniques, and the “how and why” of optical inspection. This will be interlinked with the previous optical damage and mistakes topic, where possible. Part 4 will consist of the author’s involvement and experiences in optical education with emphasis on the founding and early years of the University of Arizona Optical Sciences Center, now the College of Optical Sciences. Part 5 will cover the enduring issues and challenges for managers, planners and contributing scientists for large optics and telescope projects. This brief overview will follow up and expand upon the author’s presentation on this topic at the 1985 “SPIE Optical Fabrication and Testing Workshop: Large Telescope Optics”, Albuquerque, NM. Throughout all topic areas presented, the author will stress the lessons learned and the value of these lessons to the planning, management and successful execution of future optics projects and programs.","PeriodicalId":209106,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Photonics - Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115787078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thank you very much for coming to attend this talk. I see a few familiar faces in the crowd that have had their own journeys, and if you're thinking of starting your own optics business, this is not the authoritative talk on how to do. It’s just a talk on what I've learned from my journey and some of my own stories on Lessons Learned. It does tie into some of the previous talks, and I do give credit to some mentors. The developments I’ve been involved with do make use of the ability to adapt and change, and there have been Bumps in the Road here and there, and I'll tell you a little bit more about that during this Talk.
{"title":"Lessons learned from starting Rochester Precision Optics","authors":"W. Hurley","doi":"10.1117/12.2066943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2066943","url":null,"abstract":"Thank you very much for coming to attend this talk. I see a few familiar faces in the crowd that have had their own journeys, and if you're thinking of starting your own optics business, this is not the authoritative talk on how to do. It’s just a talk on what I've learned from my journey and some of my own stories on Lessons Learned. It does tie into some of the previous talks, and I do give credit to some mentors. The developments I’ve been involved with do make use of the ability to adapt and change, and there have been Bumps in the Road here and there, and I'll tell you a little bit more about that during this Talk.","PeriodicalId":209106,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Photonics - Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133690281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Establishing San Diego as the venue for SPIE annual meetings was an activity loaded with unusual efforts and imagination on the part Joe Yaver, his wife, Anita, and some southern California members. Of interest is the origin (and retention) of SPIE as a name for the organization. Few know the associated logo has real technical meaning. Then there was moving SPIE headquarters to Bellingham, Washington, to complicate things.
{"title":"Timing is the elusive connector of dreams","authors":"J. Lones, Lance Lones","doi":"10.1117/12.2066911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2066911","url":null,"abstract":"Establishing San Diego as the venue for SPIE annual meetings was an activity loaded with unusual efforts and imagination on the part Joe Yaver, his wife, Anita, and some southern California members. Of interest is the origin (and retention) of SPIE as a name for the organization. Few know the associated logo has real technical meaning. Then there was moving SPIE headquarters to Bellingham, Washington, to complicate things.","PeriodicalId":209106,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Photonics - Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"8 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133105691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This project was to design and build a protective weapon for a group of associations that believed in aliens and UFO’s. They collected enough contributions from societies and individuals to be able to sponsor and totally fund the design, fabrication and testing of this equipment. The location of this facility is classified. It also eventually was redesigned by the Quartus Engineering Company for use at a major amusement park as a “shoot at targets facility.” The challenge of this project was to design a “smart rock,” namely an infrared bullet (the size of a gallon can of paint) that could be shot from the ground to intercept a UFO or any incoming suspicious item heading towards the earth. Some of the challenges to design this weapon were to feed cryogenic helium at 5 degrees Kelvin from an inair environment through a unique rotary coupling and air-vacuum seal while spinning the bullet at 1500 rpm and maintain its dynamic stability (wobble) about its spin axis to less than 10 micro-radians (2 arc seconds) while it operated in a vacuum. Precision optics monitored the dynamic motion of the “smart rock.”
{"title":"A smart rock","authors":"P. Pressel","doi":"10.1117/12.2065765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2065765","url":null,"abstract":"This project was to design and build a protective weapon for a group of associations that believed in aliens and UFO’s. They collected enough contributions from societies and individuals to be able to sponsor and totally fund the design, fabrication and testing of this equipment. The location of this facility is classified. It also eventually was redesigned by the Quartus Engineering Company for use at a major amusement park as a “shoot at targets facility.” The challenge of this project was to design a “smart rock,” namely an infrared bullet (the size of a gallon can of paint) that could be shot from the ground to intercept a UFO or any incoming suspicious item heading towards the earth. Some of the challenges to design this weapon were to feed cryogenic helium at 5 degrees Kelvin from an inair environment through a unique rotary coupling and air-vacuum seal while spinning the bullet at 1500 rpm and maintain its dynamic stability (wobble) about its spin axis to less than 10 micro-radians (2 arc seconds) while it operated in a vacuum. Precision optics monitored the dynamic motion of the “smart rock.”","PeriodicalId":209106,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Photonics - Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"20 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120856588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：