The pyrolysis behavior of torrefied wood produced in Portugal was investigated. Torrefaction is the thermochemical upgrading of biomass at approximately 300oC in an atmosphere free of oxidizing agents to increase fuel density and to improve fuel quality, decreasing moisture and increasing heating value. Torrefied woodchips were pyrolysed at pressurized conditions in an inert atmosphere at 600oC. All the condensable liquids were sampled for analyses. All pyrolysis hydrocarbon liquids were analysed using simulated distillation (simdis) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). Torrefied wood hydrocarbon liquid showed higher concentrations of aliphatic aldehydes liquid. A decrease in all the other molecular components was observed for the torrefied wood hydrocarbon liquid. The main organic components in the torrefied wood pyrolysis water fractions were acids, alcohols and aliphatic oxygenates. Torrefied wood pyrolysis water exhibited a significantly lower acid concentration when compared to nontorrefied wood pyrolysis water. The biomass chars (prepared at 600oC) were analysed using proximate analyses and carbon dioxide char reactivity. Proximate analyses showed that volatile matter was still present in the torrefied wood, but was almost completely devolatilized after pyrolysis.
{"title":"Characterization of the effect of pyrolysis in torrefied wood chips","authors":"L. Nunes, R. Godina, J. Matias, J. Catalão","doi":"10.24084/REPQJ16.371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24084/REPQJ16.371","url":null,"abstract":"The pyrolysis behavior of torrefied wood produced in Portugal was investigated. Torrefaction is the thermochemical upgrading of biomass at approximately 300oC in an atmosphere free of oxidizing agents to increase fuel density and to improve fuel quality, decreasing moisture and increasing heating value. Torrefied woodchips were pyrolysed at pressurized conditions in an inert atmosphere at 600oC. All the condensable liquids were sampled for analyses. All pyrolysis hydrocarbon liquids were analysed using simulated distillation (simdis) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). Torrefied wood hydrocarbon liquid showed higher concentrations of aliphatic aldehydes liquid. A decrease in all the other molecular components was observed for the torrefied wood hydrocarbon liquid. The main organic components in the torrefied wood pyrolysis water fractions were acids, alcohols and aliphatic oxygenates. Torrefied wood pyrolysis water exhibited a significantly lower acid concentration when compared to nontorrefied wood pyrolysis water. The biomass chars (prepared at 600oC) were analysed using proximate analyses and carbon dioxide char reactivity. Proximate analyses showed that volatile matter was still present in the torrefied wood, but was almost completely devolatilized after pyrolysis.","PeriodicalId":21007,"journal":{"name":"Renewable energy & power quality journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"516-521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76273266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. N. Goncalves, Matheus Ribeiro Martins, J. Camacho
{"title":"Proposal to Evaluate the Potential of Biogas and Lifetime of Landfills for the Production of Electrical Energy","authors":"M. N. Goncalves, Matheus Ribeiro Martins, J. Camacho","doi":"10.24084/repqj16.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24084/repqj16.201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21007,"journal":{"name":"Renewable energy & power quality journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"26-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79785514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Ren, J. Wang, P. Schellmanns, N. Batut, G. Goubard
{"title":"Modeling of a New Super-Gain BJT and an innovative Low-loss AC Switch based on Gummel-Poon model","authors":"Z. Ren, J. Wang, P. Schellmanns, N. Batut, G. Goubard","doi":"10.24084/repqj16.390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24084/repqj16.390","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21007,"journal":{"name":"Renewable energy & power quality journal","volume":"60 1","pages":"572-577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83594498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hatem Tameem Alfarra, Maritime Transpotation Aastmt. Egypt, A. Attia, C. S. M. E. Safty
Non-technical losses (NTL) during transmission and distribution (T&D) of electrical energy is a major problem faced by utility companies which is very difficult to fight and detect. For that, more of power utilities spend thousands dollar for research centres to find efficient methods for detecting and controlling abnormalities. Electricity theft and billing irregularities forms the main portion of NTL. With the introduction of smart meter, the frequency of reporting energy consumption data to the utility company has been increased. Incoming and outgoing energy could be monitored and analyzed. Electricity theft is a complex problem with many parameters to be evaluated before implementing any measures to detect and control that. These parameters include some issues like social, economic, regional, managerial, infrastructural, and corruption. In recent years, several data mining and research studies on fraud detection and prediction techniques have been carried out in the electricity distribution sector. Support vector machine (SVM) technique has dominated the research for classifying data and detecting fraudulent electricity customers. SVM technique has good ability in data mining and data classification. The paper objective is to analyze the metered energy consumption data recorded and predict the pattern or the form of daily user’s energy consumption, then using SVM to classify the data whether normal or theft. The suggested technique is then tested using real data from Alexandria Electricity Distribution Company (AEDC). The proposed technique was able to distinguish between healthy and theft cases.
{"title":"Nontechnical Loss Detection for Metered Customers in Alexandria Electricity Distribution Company Using Support Vector Machine","authors":"Hatem Tameem Alfarra, Maritime Transpotation Aastmt. Egypt, A. Attia, C. S. M. E. Safty","doi":"10.24084/repqj16.353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24084/repqj16.353","url":null,"abstract":"Non-technical losses (NTL) during transmission and distribution (T&D) of electrical energy is a major problem faced by utility companies which is very difficult to fight and detect. For that, more of power utilities spend thousands dollar for research centres to find efficient methods for detecting and controlling abnormalities. Electricity theft and billing irregularities forms the main portion of NTL. With the introduction of smart meter, the frequency of reporting energy consumption data to the utility company has been increased. Incoming and outgoing energy could be monitored and analyzed. Electricity theft is a complex problem with many parameters to be evaluated before implementing any measures to detect and control that. These parameters include some issues like social, economic, regional, managerial, infrastructural, and corruption. In recent years, several data mining and research studies on fraud detection and prediction techniques have been carried out in the electricity distribution sector. Support vector machine (SVM) technique has dominated the research for classifying data and detecting fraudulent electricity customers. SVM technique has good ability in data mining and data classification. The paper objective is to analyze the metered energy consumption data recorded and predict the pattern or the form of daily user’s energy consumption, then using SVM to classify the data whether normal or theft. The suggested technique is then tested using real data from Alexandria Electricity Distribution Company (AEDC). The proposed technique was able to distinguish between healthy and theft cases.","PeriodicalId":21007,"journal":{"name":"Renewable energy & power quality journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"468-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86964004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Taborda, Sa. Coimbra. Portugal Edp Servico Universal, P. Andrade
{"title":"EDP Serviço Universal’s energy market performance","authors":"A. Taborda, Sa. Coimbra. Portugal Edp Servico Universal, P. Andrade","doi":"10.24084/REPQJ16.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24084/REPQJ16.269","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21007,"journal":{"name":"Renewable energy & power quality journal","volume":"2004 1","pages":"232-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82969599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eduardo Baffi, Comptroller-General Brasília. Brazil, Rafael Martin Lamaison Urioste, M. Peñalba
{"title":"Potential benefits of distributed generation in the reduction of non-technical losses","authors":"Eduardo Baffi, Comptroller-General Brasília. Brazil, Rafael Martin Lamaison Urioste, M. Peñalba","doi":"10.24084/repqj16.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24084/repqj16.208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21007,"journal":{"name":"Renewable energy & power quality journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"39-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91518518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Voltage Sourced Converter (VSC) based on multiple FACTS controllers for the improvement of power quality","authors":"S. A. Mohamed, N. Luo, T. Pujol, L. Pacheco","doi":"10.24084/REPQJ16.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24084/REPQJ16.213","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21007,"journal":{"name":"Renewable energy & power quality journal","volume":"70 1","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91524225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
State-of-the-art switched-capacitor DC-DC power converters mainly focus on low voltage and/or high power applications. However, at high voltage and low power levels, new designs are anticipated to emerge and a power converter that has both high efficiency and high power density is highly desirable. This paper presents such a high voltage low power switched-capacitor DC-DC converter with an input voltage up to 380 V (compatible with rectified European mains) and an output power experimentally validated up to 21.3 W. The wide band gap semiconductor devices of GaN switches and SiC diodes are combined to compose the proposed power stage. Their switching and loss characteristics are analyzed with transient waveforms and thermal images. Different isolated driving circuits are compared and a compact isolated halfbridge driving circuit is proposed. The full-load efficiencies of 98.3% and 97.6% are achieved for the power stage and the complete power converter, without heatsink or airflow. The corresponding power densities are 7.9 W/cm and 2.7 W/cm, based on boxed volumes, respectively.
{"title":"A 380 V High Efficiency and High Power Density Switched-Capacitor Power Converter using Wide Band Gap Semiconductors","authors":"L. Fan, A. Knott, I. Jørgensen","doi":"10.24084/REPQJ16.422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24084/REPQJ16.422","url":null,"abstract":"State-of-the-art switched-capacitor DC-DC power converters mainly focus on low voltage and/or high power applications. However, at high voltage and low power levels, new designs are anticipated to emerge and a power converter that has both high efficiency and high power density is highly desirable. This paper presents such a high voltage low power switched-capacitor DC-DC converter with an input voltage up to 380 V (compatible with rectified European mains) and an output power experimentally validated up to 21.3 W. The wide band gap semiconductor devices of GaN switches and SiC diodes are combined to compose the proposed power stage. Their switching and loss characteristics are analyzed with transient waveforms and thermal images. Different isolated driving circuits are compared and a compact isolated halfbridge driving circuit is proposed. The full-load efficiencies of 98.3% and 97.6% are achieved for the power stage and the complete power converter, without heatsink or airflow. The corresponding power densities are 7.9 W/cm and 2.7 W/cm, based on boxed volumes, respectively.","PeriodicalId":21007,"journal":{"name":"Renewable energy & power quality journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"657-662"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85562333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Albino Moisés Faro de Morais Junior, M. Tostes, U. Bezerra, T. M. Soares
With the increasing use of nonlinear loads in homes in Brazil comes the problem of harmonic injection in the power system and increasingly is a problem for the electric sector that needs to scale it. Knowing the loads that consume energy and inject harmonics into the system is important so that solutions are sought to make the use of the system more efficient and improve the quality of the energy that circulates in the electrical grid. This work presents simulations of DHTv and DHTi of a set of residences in order to predict the behaviour of the load over time, using previous measurements. The modelling is conducted using an ANFIS, which uses a neural network to adjust the parameters of the output that uses fuzzy rule to determine the output values of the system.
{"title":"Using ANFIS to Predict Harmonic Distortion in Residential Building Loads: A case study in the Amazonian Region of Brazil","authors":"Albino Moisés Faro de Morais Junior, M. Tostes, U. Bezerra, T. M. Soares","doi":"10.24084/REPQJ16.291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24084/REPQJ16.291","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing use of nonlinear loads in homes in Brazil comes the problem of harmonic injection in the power system and increasingly is a problem for the electric sector that needs to scale it. Knowing the loads that consume energy and inject harmonics into the system is important so that solutions are sought to make the use of the system more efficient and improve the quality of the energy that circulates in the electrical grid. This work presents simulations of DHTv and DHTi of a set of residences in order to predict the behaviour of the load over time, using previous measurements. The modelling is conducted using an ANFIS, which uses a neural network to adjust the parameters of the output that uses fuzzy rule to determine the output values of the system.","PeriodicalId":21007,"journal":{"name":"Renewable energy & power quality journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"298-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88541935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Reyes-Ramírez, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tec México, J. Fonseca-Campos, J. L. M. Machuca
{"title":"Measurement of the Current-Voltage Curve of Photovoltaic Cells Based on a DAQ and Python","authors":"I. Reyes-Ramírez, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tec México, J. Fonseca-Campos, J. L. M. Machuca","doi":"10.24084/REPQJ16.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24084/REPQJ16.223","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21007,"journal":{"name":"Renewable energy & power quality journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"94-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75431001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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