Pub Date : 2002-06-27DOI: 10.1109/WPC.2002.1021318
M. Pinzger, H. Gall
Architectural patterns and styles represent important design decisions and thus are valuable abstractions for architecture recovery. Recognizing them is a challenge because styles and patterns basically span several architectural elements and can be implemented in various ways depending on the problem domain and the implementation variants. Our approach uses source code structures as patterns and introduces an iterative and interactive architecture recovery approach built upon such lower-level patterns extracted from source code. Associations between extracted pattern instances and architectural elements such as modules arise which result in new and higher-level views of the software system. These pattern views provide information for a consecutive refinement of pattern definitions to aggregate and abstract higher-level patterns which finally enable the description of a software system's architecture.
{"title":"Pattern-supported architecture recovery","authors":"M. Pinzger, H. Gall","doi":"10.1109/WPC.2002.1021318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPC.2002.1021318","url":null,"abstract":"Architectural patterns and styles represent important design decisions and thus are valuable abstractions for architecture recovery. Recognizing them is a challenge because styles and patterns basically span several architectural elements and can be implemented in various ways depending on the problem domain and the implementation variants. Our approach uses source code structures as patterns and introduces an iterative and interactive architecture recovery approach built upon such lower-level patterns extracted from source code. Associations between extracted pattern instances and architectural elements such as modules arise which result in new and higher-level views of the software system. These pattern views provide information for a consecutive refinement of pattern definitions to aggregate and abstract higher-level patterns which finally enable the description of a software system's architecture.","PeriodicalId":210649,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 10th International Workshop on Program Comprehension","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124652121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-06-27DOI: 10.1109/WPC.2002.1021346
Jianjun Zhao
Program slicing has many applications in software engineering activities including program comprehension, debugging, testing, maintenance, and model checking. In this paper, we propose an approach to slicing aspect-oriented software. To solve this problem, we present a dependence-based representation called aspect-oriented system dependence graph (ASDG), which extends previous dependence graphs, to represent aspect-oriented software. The ASDG of an aspect-oriented program consists of three parts: a system dependence graph for non-aspect code, a group of dependence graphs for aspect code, and some additional dependence arcs used to connect the system dependence graph to the dependence graphs for aspect code. After that, we show how to compute a static slice of an aspect-oriented program based on the ASDG.
{"title":"Slicing aspect-oriented software","authors":"Jianjun Zhao","doi":"10.1109/WPC.2002.1021346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPC.2002.1021346","url":null,"abstract":"Program slicing has many applications in software engineering activities including program comprehension, debugging, testing, maintenance, and model checking. In this paper, we propose an approach to slicing aspect-oriented software. To solve this problem, we present a dependence-based representation called aspect-oriented system dependence graph (ASDG), which extends previous dependence graphs, to represent aspect-oriented software. The ASDG of an aspect-oriented program consists of three parts: a system dependence graph for non-aspect code, a group of dependence graphs for aspect code, and some additional dependence arcs used to connect the system dependence graph to the dependence graphs for aspect code. After that, we show how to compute a static slice of an aspect-oriented program based on the ASDG.","PeriodicalId":210649,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 10th International Workshop on Program Comprehension","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129978445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-06-27DOI: 10.1109/WPC.2002.1021334
Q. Tu, Michael W. Godfrey
Studying how a software system has evolved over time is difficult, time consuming, and costly; existing techniques are often limited in their applicability, are hard to extend, and provide little support for coping with architectural change. The paper introduces an approach to studying software evolution that integrates the use of metrics, software visualization, and origin analysis, which is a set of techniques for reasoning about structural and architectural change. Our approach incorporates data from various statistical and metrics tools, and provides a query engine as well as a Web-based visualization and navigation interface. It aims to provide an extensible, integrated environment for aiding software maintainers in understanding the evolution of long-lived systems that have undergone significant architectural change. We use the evolution of GCC as an example to demonstrate the uses of various functionalities of BEAGLE, a prototype implementation of the proposed environment.
{"title":"An integrated approach for studying architectural evolution","authors":"Q. Tu, Michael W. Godfrey","doi":"10.1109/WPC.2002.1021334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPC.2002.1021334","url":null,"abstract":"Studying how a software system has evolved over time is difficult, time consuming, and costly; existing techniques are often limited in their applicability, are hard to extend, and provide little support for coping with architectural change. The paper introduces an approach to studying software evolution that integrates the use of metrics, software visualization, and origin analysis, which is a set of techniques for reasoning about structural and architectural change. Our approach incorporates data from various statistical and metrics tools, and provides a query engine as well as a Web-based visualization and navigation interface. It aims to provide an extensible, integrated environment for aiding software maintainers in understanding the evolution of long-lived systems that have undergone significant architectural change. We use the evolution of GCC as an example to demonstrate the uses of various functionalities of BEAGLE, a prototype implementation of the proposed environment.","PeriodicalId":210649,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 10th International Workshop on Program Comprehension","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129017950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-06-27DOI: 10.1109/WPC.2002.1021329
E. Burd, Dawn Overy, Ady Wheetman
This paper describes an experiment whereby the benefit of using animation to improve the comprehensibility of UML sequence diagrams is assessed. The paper hypothesizes that through animation the control flow of sequence diagram will become more evident. The development a system that seeks to enable stakeholders to better interpret UML modeling behaviour is described. This system aims to provide dynamic visualization through the use of animation techniques. A study to evaluate the extent to which the animation of a diagram can aid its interpretation is then described. The results of the study show that the animation system did improve the comprehensibility of the sequence diagram control flow thus improving the comprehensibility when compared to the comprehensibility of a traditional static representation. Finally, this paper discusses the reasoning for these results.
{"title":"Evaluating using animation to improve understanding of sequence diagrams","authors":"E. Burd, Dawn Overy, Ady Wheetman","doi":"10.1109/WPC.2002.1021329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPC.2002.1021329","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an experiment whereby the benefit of using animation to improve the comprehensibility of UML sequence diagrams is assessed. The paper hypothesizes that through animation the control flow of sequence diagram will become more evident. The development a system that seeks to enable stakeholders to better interpret UML modeling behaviour is described. This system aims to provide dynamic visualization through the use of animation techniques. A study to evaluate the extent to which the animation of a diagram can aid its interpretation is then described. The results of the study show that the animation system did improve the comprehensibility of the sequence diagram control flow thus improving the comprehensibility when compared to the comprehensibility of a traditional static representation. Finally, this paper discusses the reasoning for these results.","PeriodicalId":210649,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 10th International Workshop on Program Comprehension","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117137103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-06-27DOI: 10.1109/WPC.2002.1021325
S. Somé, T. Lethbridge
State transition machines are high-level behavior descriptions often used as modeling tools for the design and implementation of a large class of software systems. Some of the state transition machine implementation approaches are such that the static structure of the resulting code closely matches that of the original state transition machines. Therefore, having a representation of the original state transition machines is likely to improve the corresponding code understandability. We present an approach supported by a prototype tool, to extract state transition machines by static analysis of source code. An objective of this work is to enhance program comprehension with visual representations of the behavior of the programs being analyzed.
{"title":"Enhancing program comprehension with recovered state models","authors":"S. Somé, T. Lethbridge","doi":"10.1109/WPC.2002.1021325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPC.2002.1021325","url":null,"abstract":"State transition machines are high-level behavior descriptions often used as modeling tools for the design and implementation of a large class of software systems. Some of the state transition machine implementation approaches are such that the static structure of the resulting code closely matches that of the original state transition machines. Therefore, having a representation of the original state transition machines is likely to improve the corresponding code understandability. We present an approach supported by a prototype tool, to extract state transition machines by static analysis of source code. An objective of this work is to enhance program comprehension with visual representations of the behavior of the programs being analyzed.","PeriodicalId":210649,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 10th International Workshop on Program Comprehension","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124759747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-06-27DOI: 10.1109/WPC.2002.1021308
S. Counsell, E. Mendes, S. Swift
Chidamber and Kemerer (1991) proposed an object-oriented (OO) metric suite which included the Lack of Cohesion Of Methods (LCOM) metric. Despite considerable effort both theoretically and empirically since then, the software engineering community is still no nearer finding a generally accepted definition or measure of OO cohesion. Yet, achieving highly cohesive software is a cornerstone of software comprehension and hence, maintainability. In this paper, we suggest a number of suppositions as to why a definition has eluded (and we feel will continue to elude) us. We support these suppositions with empirical evidence from three large C++ systems and a cohesion metric based on the parameters of the class methods; we also draw from other related work. Two major conclusions emerge from the study. Firstly, any sensible cohesion metric does at least provide insight into the features of the systems being analysed. Secondly however, and less reassuringly, the deeper the investigative search for a definitive measure of cohesion, the more problematic its understanding becomes; this casts serious doubt on the use of cohesion as a meaningful feature of object-orientation and its viability as a tool for software comprehension.
{"title":"Comprehension of object-oriented software cohesion: the empirical quagmire","authors":"S. Counsell, E. Mendes, S. Swift","doi":"10.1109/WPC.2002.1021308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPC.2002.1021308","url":null,"abstract":"Chidamber and Kemerer (1991) proposed an object-oriented (OO) metric suite which included the Lack of Cohesion Of Methods (LCOM) metric. Despite considerable effort both theoretically and empirically since then, the software engineering community is still no nearer finding a generally accepted definition or measure of OO cohesion. Yet, achieving highly cohesive software is a cornerstone of software comprehension and hence, maintainability. In this paper, we suggest a number of suppositions as to why a definition has eluded (and we feel will continue to elude) us. We support these suppositions with empirical evidence from three large C++ systems and a cohesion metric based on the parameters of the class methods; we also draw from other related work. Two major conclusions emerge from the study. Firstly, any sensible cohesion metric does at least provide insight into the features of the systems being analysed. Secondly however, and less reassuringly, the deeper the investigative search for a definitive measure of cohesion, the more problematic its understanding becomes; this casts serious doubt on the use of cohesion as a meaningful feature of object-orientation and its viability as a tool for software comprehension.","PeriodicalId":210649,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 10th International Workshop on Program Comprehension","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125240089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-06-27DOI: 10.1109/WPC.2002.1021349
C. Exton
Program comprehension strategies and learning theories are difficult topics in themselves, and the combination of both can provide some interesting observations. Constructivism differs from the traditional learning theories which suggest knowledge exists as something independent of the individual in several ways. One major premise of constructivism is that we actively construct our knowledge rather than simply absorbing it through repeated practice or predefined steps. Constructivism asserts that there is no knowledge independent of that constructed by the learner, and its construction is a unique experience for each individual. This paper provides an overview of existing program comprehension strategies and contrasts them in relation to the learning theory of constructivism.
{"title":"Constructivism and program comprehension strategies","authors":"C. Exton","doi":"10.1109/WPC.2002.1021349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPC.2002.1021349","url":null,"abstract":"Program comprehension strategies and learning theories are difficult topics in themselves, and the combination of both can provide some interesting observations. Constructivism differs from the traditional learning theories which suggest knowledge exists as something independent of the individual in several ways. One major premise of constructivism is that we actively construct our knowledge rather than simply absorbing it through repeated practice or predefined steps. Constructivism asserts that there is no knowledge independent of that constructed by the learner, and its construction is a unique experience for each individual. This paper provides an overview of existing program comprehension strategies and contrasts them in relation to the learning theory of constructivism.","PeriodicalId":210649,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 10th International Workshop on Program Comprehension","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129875891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-06-27DOI: 10.1109/WPC.2002.1021350
S. Tilley, Shihong Huang
Discusses issues related to selecting software visualization tools for program understanding in an industrial context. Visualization tools are often advocated as an effective means of aiding program understanding by creating graphical representations of the subject system through reverse engineering. However, there are numerous practical considerations related to tool selection for large, real-world projects that are unaddressed. For example, the choices are often limited to commercial tools that are widely available, that have a low cost of deployment and training, and that easily integrate into existing software engineering processes. To illustrate some of these unique issues, two types of constraints imposed on the process of software visualization tool selection to support program understanding in the domain of embedded, real-time control systems are described.
{"title":"On selecting software visualization tools for program understanding in an industrial context","authors":"S. Tilley, Shihong Huang","doi":"10.1109/WPC.2002.1021350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPC.2002.1021350","url":null,"abstract":"Discusses issues related to selecting software visualization tools for program understanding in an industrial context. Visualization tools are often advocated as an effective means of aiding program understanding by creating graphical representations of the subject system through reverse engineering. However, there are numerous practical considerations related to tool selection for large, real-world projects that are unaddressed. For example, the choices are often limited to commercial tools that are widely available, that have a low cost of deployment and training, and that easily integrate into existing software engineering processes. To illustrate some of these unique issues, two types of constraints imposed on the process of software visualization tool selection to support program understanding in the domain of embedded, real-time control systems are described.","PeriodicalId":210649,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 10th International Workshop on Program Comprehension","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127728281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-06-27DOI: 10.1109/WPC.2002.1021327
D. Binkley
Software engineers face a wide range of difficult tasks. Understanding semantic relationships, such as the semantic differences between two programs, should aid a software engineer address many of these tasks. A series of experiments was conducted with an implementation of a semantic differencing algorithm for the C language. Sixty-three subjects participated in two controlled experiments. There is evidence that the experimental group, which had access to semantic differences, performed significantly faster (p=0.023) and more accurately (p=0.047) than the control group. The study provides empirical support to the assertion that semantic information assists program comprehension.
{"title":"An empirical study of the effect of semantic differences on programmer comprehension","authors":"D. Binkley","doi":"10.1109/WPC.2002.1021327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPC.2002.1021327","url":null,"abstract":"Software engineers face a wide range of difficult tasks. Understanding semantic relationships, such as the semantic differences between two programs, should aid a software engineer address many of these tasks. A series of experiments was conducted with an implementation of a semantic differencing algorithm for the C language. Sixty-three subjects participated in two controlled experiments. There is evidence that the experimental group, which had access to semantic differences, performed significantly faster (p=0.023) and more accurately (p=0.047) than the control group. The study provides empirical support to the assertion that semantic information assists program comprehension.","PeriodicalId":210649,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 10th International Workshop on Program Comprehension","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128669688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-06-27DOI: 10.1109/WPC.2002.1021315
Thomas Vestdam, K. Nørmark
It is difficult and challenging to comprehend the internal aspects of a program. The internal aspects are seen as contrasts to end user aspects and interface aspects. Internal program documentation is relevant for almost any kind of software. The internal program documentation represents the original as well as the accumulated understanding of the program, which is very difficult to extract from the source program and its modifications over time. Elucidative programming is a documentation technique that was originally inspired by literate programming. As an important difference between the two, elucidative programming does not call for any reorganization of the source programs, as required by literate programming tools. Elucidative programming provides for mutual navigation in between program source files and sections of the documentation. The navigation takes place in an Internet browser applying a two-framed layout. In this paper we investigate the applicability of elucidative programming in a number of areas related to internal program documentation. It is concluded that elucidative programming can solve a number of concrete problems in the areas of program tutorials, frameworks, and program reviews. In addition we see positive impacts of elucidative programming in the area of programming education.
{"title":"Aspects of internal program documentation-an elucidative perspective","authors":"Thomas Vestdam, K. Nørmark","doi":"10.1109/WPC.2002.1021315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPC.2002.1021315","url":null,"abstract":"It is difficult and challenging to comprehend the internal aspects of a program. The internal aspects are seen as contrasts to end user aspects and interface aspects. Internal program documentation is relevant for almost any kind of software. The internal program documentation represents the original as well as the accumulated understanding of the program, which is very difficult to extract from the source program and its modifications over time. Elucidative programming is a documentation technique that was originally inspired by literate programming. As an important difference between the two, elucidative programming does not call for any reorganization of the source programs, as required by literate programming tools. Elucidative programming provides for mutual navigation in between program source files and sections of the documentation. The navigation takes place in an Internet browser applying a two-framed layout. In this paper we investigate the applicability of elucidative programming in a number of areas related to internal program documentation. It is concluded that elucidative programming can solve a number of concrete problems in the areas of program tutorials, frameworks, and program reviews. In addition we see positive impacts of elucidative programming in the area of programming education.","PeriodicalId":210649,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 10th International Workshop on Program Comprehension","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123397732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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