Genes and Behaviour最新文献

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How the Dual Inheritance of Genes and Culture Shapes Behaviour: A Critical Review with a Focus on Human Culture and Behavioural Diversity 基因和文化的双重遗传如何塑造行为:以人类文化和行为多样性为焦点的批判性回顾

Genes and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/9781119313663.CH3

Thomas E. Currie

引用次数: 0

Nature-Nurture in the Twenty-First Century 21世纪的自然-养育

Genes and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/9781119313663.CH12

N. Wedell, J. Hunt, D. Hosken

引用次数: 0

Ultimate (Re)Thinking for Behavioural Biology 行为生物学的终极(再)思考

Genes and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/9781119313663.CH2

Sasha R. X. Dall, J. McNamara, Alastair J. Wilson

引用次数: 0

Nature, Nurture, and Nature-by-Nurture - Killing the Dichotomy 先天，后天，先天与后天——消除二分法

Genes and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/9781119313663.CH1

D. Hosken, J. Hunt, N. Wedell

The primary purpose of this book is to provide a broad snapshot of recent findings showing how the environment and genes influence behaviour. At face value, this should be uncontroversial but unfortunately, the history of genetics includes eugenic movements and Lysenkoism. As a result, discussions of how nature and nurture affect behaviour have been dogged by polemic disputes because ideological views about their contributions have tended to cloud what is really an empirical question. This is in some ways exemplified by the book Not in Our Genes (Lewontin et al. 1984), which begins with a political confession from the authors – we are committed socialists – and starts with a chapter on right-wing politics and determinism. For us, the evidence, and not political or any other beliefs, is what counts and any ‘belief’ approach puts the desire for the world to be a certain way ahead of the evidence that it is not so, ultimately committing a version of the naturalistic fallacy – if something is ‘natural’, it is morally correct, which is clearly rubbish (also see Chapter 10). Infanticide, cannibalism, forced copulation (rape), and killing other members of your species (murder) are rife in nature, but it would be difficult to convince anyone of intelligence that these acts are moral because they are natural. Furthermore, ‘politically’ motivated arguments against ‘reductionism’, reducing complex behaviours to single causes, are frequently concocted to protect against a biological determinism that must be fought at all costs. However, as we hope to explain, acknowledging that there are genes underlying behaviour, even genes of large effect, is imperative if that is what the data tell us. After all, it is no use playing music to cows if milk yield is totally determined by genes and unaffected by the environment, and as we outline below, in a polygenic world that includes inevitable environmental effects and all manner of interactions, prediction is tricky and determinism dubious because of the probabilistic and complex nature of the gene–behaviour link. But again, even if single genes were completely responsible for single behaviours, which they cannot be in the strictest sense (see below), let us not fall into a naturalistic fallacy. Rather than engage in further fruitless arguments about world-views, this book explores exciting new findings about behaviour and where we go from here. Before moving on to these new advances and the interesting questions that arise from them, we wish to make another – a final? – attempt to kill the nature versus nurture polarity

这本书的主要目的是提供一个广泛的快照最近的发现显示环境和基因如何影响行为。从表面上看，这应该是没有争议的，但不幸的是，遗传学的历史包括优生运动和李森科主义。因此，关于先天和后天如何影响行为的讨论一直受到激烈争论的困扰，因为关于先天和后天的贡献的意识形态观点往往会掩盖真正的经验问题。在某种程度上，这一点在《不在我们的基因里》(Lewontin et al. 1984)一书中得到了体现，这本书以作者的政治坦白开始——我们是坚定的社会主义者——并以右翼政治和决定论的一章开始。对我们来说，最重要的是证据，而不是政治或任何其他信仰，任何“信仰”方法都把对世界的某种渴望置于事实并非如此的证据之前，最终犯下了自然主义谬论的一个版本——如果某物是“自然的”，它在道德上是正确的，这显然是垃圾(也见第10章)。杀婴、同类相食、强迫交配(强奸)和杀害同类(谋杀)在自然界中很普遍，但很难说服任何有智慧的人相信这些行为是道德的，因为它们是自然的。此外，反对“还原论”(将复杂行为归结为单一原因)的“政治”动机论点，经常被炮制出来，以抵御必须不惜一切代价与之抗争的生物决定论。然而，正如我们希望解释的那样，承认行为背后有基因，甚至是影响很大的基因，如果这是数据告诉我们的，是必要的。毕竟，如果产奶量完全由基因决定而不受环境影响，那么给奶牛放音乐是没有用的，正如我们下面所述，在一个多基因的世界里，包括不可避免的环境影响和各种各样的相互作用，由于基因-行为联系的概率性和复杂性，预测是棘手的，决定论是可疑的。但是，再一次，即使单个基因完全对单个行为负责，在最严格的意义上，它们也不可能(见下文)，让我们不要陷入自然主义的谬论。这本书没有进一步讨论关于世界观的毫无结果的争论，而是探讨了关于行为和我们从这里出发的令人兴奋的新发现。在继续讨论这些新进展和由此产生的有趣问题之前，我们希望再问一个问题——最后的问题?-试图消除先天与后天的对立

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引用次数: 0

Index 指数

Genes and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/9781119313663.index

引用次数: 0

Genes and Environments in Drosophila Sex 果蝇性别的基因和环境

Genes and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/9781119313663.CH6

D. Hosken, A. Bretman, S. Goodwin, C. R. Archer

引用次数: 2

Nature and Nurture in Parental Care 亲代养育中的先天与后天

Genes and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/9781119313663.CH7

N. Royle, A. J. Moore

引用次数: 1

The Nature and Nurturing of Animal Minds 动物心灵的本质与培育

Genes and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/9781119313663.CH9

Alex Thornton, N. Boogert

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the link in this record

这是作者接受的稿件。最终版本可通过本记录中的链接从Wiley获得

引用次数: 7

The Effect of Non-Self Genes on the Behaviour of Hosts 非自体基因对寄主行为的影响

Genes and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/9781119313663.CH8

N. Wedell

引用次数: 4

Genes and Behaviour 基因与行为

Genes and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/9781119313663.CH5

Chelsea A Weitekamp, L. Keller

Behaviour is the response of an animal to stimuli in its internal or external environment, ranging from simple reflexive behaviours to those that are more complex and goal directed, such as foraging, finding a mate, or engaging in aggressive interactions. However, even reflexive behaviours can be modified by experience. For example, in the zebrafish, Danio rerio, the decision to escape or swim is influenced by social status, achieved through a shift in the excitability of neural circuits (Miller et al. 2017). Therefore, a behavioural act requires an individual not only to process sensory information and respond with motor output, but also to integrate its current internal motivational state and memory of past experiences (Bendesky and Bargmann 2011; O’Connell and Hofmann 2011). As such, the genes that affect behaviour can act to influence many different layers of the nervous system, ranging from sensory perception to the connectivity and modulation of neural circuits (Marder 2012; McGrath 2013). This feature of behaviour, the ability to be modified at many different levels, may contribute to the high evolvability of behavioural traits (Blomberg et al. 2003). To gain an understanding of how animal behaviour evolves requires an integrative approach that examines how behavioural traits are inherited and also characterizes the genetic variants underlying behaviour and their specific effects on neural processing. In this chapter, we present a current understanding of the relationship between genes (of large effect) and behaviour. We first outline how most phenotypic traits, including behaviour, are controlled by many variants of small effect (see also Chapters 1 and 2). We then describe several well-studied examples of single genes that mediate behaviour, as well as ‘supergenes’ that can control behavioural divergence within species. Next, we discuss how certain classes of genes may be more likely to influence the evolution of behaviour. Finally, we consider whether the genetic architecture of behavioural traits is unique in relation to other phenotypic traits. We conclude the chapter by suggesting that an integrative approach to the study of genes and behaviour will lend the most insight into the forces underlying behavioural and genetic diversity.

行为是动物对其内部或外部环境刺激的反应，从简单的反射性行为到更复杂的目标导向行为，如觅食、寻找配偶或参与攻击性互动。然而，即使是反射性行为也可以通过经验来修改。例如，在斑马鱼Danio rerio中，逃跑或游泳的决定受到社会地位的影响，这是通过神经回路兴奋性的转变来实现的(Miller et al. 2017)。因此，行为行为不仅需要个体处理感觉信息并以运动输出作出反应，还需要个体整合其当前的内部动机状态和对过去经验的记忆(Bendesky and Bargmann 2011;O 'Connell and Hofmann 2011)。因此，影响行为的基因可以影响神经系统的许多不同层面，从感觉知觉到神经回路的连接和调节(Marder 2012;麦格拉思2013)。这种行为特征，即在许多不同层次上进行修改的能力，可能有助于行为特征的高度可进化性(Blomberg et al. 2003)。为了了解动物行为是如何进化的，需要一种综合的方法来研究行为特征是如何遗传的，并描述行为背后的基因变异及其对神经处理的具体影响。在本章中，我们介绍了目前对基因(影响很大)和行为之间关系的理解。我们首先概述了大多数表型特征，包括行为，是如何由许多小影响的变体控制的(参见第1章和第2章)。然后我们描述了几个研究得很好的例子，即介导行为的单基因，以及可以控制物种内行为差异的“超基因”。接下来，我们将讨论某些类型的基因如何更有可能影响行为的进化。最后，我们考虑行为特征的遗传结构是否相对于其他表型特征是独特的。在本章的最后，我们建议采用一种综合的方法来研究基因和行为，这将使我们更深入地了解行为和遗传多样性背后的力量。

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