This chapter draws on the examples of the professionalisation of operating department practitioners (ODPs), pedorthists and developmental educators (DEs) to examine the pathway to professionalism in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. These examples illustrate potential pathways that can be adopted for successful professionalisation by other occupational groups. Newly emerging allied health professions at the end of the 20th century and start of the 21st century have been able to access a far more straightforward pathway to achieve their professional project. Newly emerging occupations that meet a series of minimum professional standards face limited opposition from the state and minimal, if any, intervention from the medical profession. Their primary challenge is achieving professional closure and convincing large (mostly state) funding bodies to recognise and purchase their services, effectively achieving professional closure.
{"title":"Emerging allied health professions","authors":"S. Nancarrow, A. Borthwick","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1hqdj86.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1hqdj86.10","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter draws on the examples of the professionalisation of operating department practitioners (ODPs), pedorthists and developmental educators (DEs) to examine the pathway to professionalism in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. These examples illustrate potential pathways that can be adopted for successful professionalisation by other occupational groups. Newly emerging allied health professions at the end of the 20th century and start of the 21st century have been able to access a far more straightforward pathway to achieve their professional project. Newly emerging occupations that meet a series of minimum professional standards face limited opposition from the state and minimal, if any, intervention from the medical profession. Their primary challenge is achieving professional closure and convincing large (mostly state) funding bodies to recognise and purchase their services, effectively achieving professional closure.","PeriodicalId":210893,"journal":{"name":"The Allied Health Professions","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114858700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter explores post-professional roles in detail, and the implications of these roles for the allied health professions generally. One relatively unique feature of the allied health professions is the extent of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary working across the continuum of professionalisation. These trans- and interdisciplinary relationships can be negotiated at a team or institutional level; however, they are also formalised into recognised training structures and professional hierarchies, particularly in the fields of diabetes education, mental health and in generic assessment and case management roles, such as with the National Disability Insurance Scheme in Australia and with intermediate and transitional care for older people in the UK.
{"title":"Post-professionalism and allied health","authors":"S. Nancarrow, A. Borthwick","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1hqdj86.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1hqdj86.13","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores post-professional roles in detail, and the implications of these roles for the allied health professions generally. One relatively unique feature of the allied health professions is the extent of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary working across the continuum of professionalisation. These trans- and interdisciplinary relationships can be negotiated at a team or institutional level; however, they are also formalised into recognised training structures and professional hierarchies, particularly in the fields of diabetes education, mental health and in generic assessment and case management roles, such as with the National Disability Insurance Scheme in Australia and with intermediate and transitional care for older people in the UK.","PeriodicalId":210893,"journal":{"name":"The Allied Health Professions","volume":"22 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113934548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter draws on the examples of occupational therapy assistants (OTAs) and podiatry assistants to examine the development and growth of the support workforce in allied health, and the considerations for the allied health professions. Allied health professionals have successfully devolved several aspects of their work to a growing support workforce, such as allied health assistants. These roles are becoming increasingly standardised in terms of training, titles, recognition and regulation. These occupations are often seen as transitional roles rather than aspiring professions in their own right, and may occupy an interdisciplinary space; however, there is evidence of growth and extended scope within these disciplines, such as the expansion of OTA roles into assistant practitioners.
{"title":"The support workforce within the allied health division of labour","authors":"S. Nancarrow, A. Borthwick","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1hqdj86.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1hqdj86.11","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter draws on the examples of occupational therapy assistants (OTAs) and podiatry assistants to examine the development and growth of the support workforce in allied health, and the considerations for the allied health professions. Allied health professionals have successfully devolved several aspects of their work to a growing support workforce, such as allied health assistants. These roles are becoming increasingly standardised in terms of training, titles, recognition and regulation. These occupations are often seen as transitional roles rather than aspiring professions in their own right, and may occupy an interdisciplinary space; however, there is evidence of growth and extended scope within these disciplines, such as the expansion of OTA roles into assistant practitioners.","PeriodicalId":210893,"journal":{"name":"The Allied Health Professions","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122574440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter examines the concept of allied health as a confederation of constituent professions. We examine: the way that different jurisdictions define the allied health collective; the rationale for those groupings; and the impact of inclusion (or otherwise) of the groupings on the individual professional project of specific allied health professions. Concepts that will be explored include the considerations around a heterogeneous group of occupations attempting to work together to achieve a single professional project. It also also explores the international contexts of the allied health professions and the relevance of the specific comparisons between Australia and the UK.
{"title":"The allied health collective","authors":"S. Nancarrow, A. Borthwick","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1hqdj86.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1hqdj86.7","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the concept of allied health as a confederation of constituent professions. We examine: the way that different jurisdictions define the allied health collective; the rationale for those groupings; and the impact of inclusion (or otherwise) of the groupings on the individual professional project of specific allied health professions. Concepts that will be explored include the considerations around a heterogeneous group of occupations attempting to work together to achieve a single professional project. It also also explores the international contexts of the allied health professions and the relevance of the specific comparisons between Australia and the UK.","PeriodicalId":210893,"journal":{"name":"The Allied Health Professions","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128194558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter is dedicated to an analysis of diversity within the allied health professions, including the intersectional relationships between gender, class, ethnicity, interprofessionality and cultural competence. The chapter explores the complex interplay of the intersectionality in the allied health professions. Gender and the patriarchal origins of the health professions have shaped professional repertoires, the roles individuals adopt within their professions and their interrelationships with other professional groups. The picture is far from complete and requires further investigation, but clearly the allied health professions need to understand the way their gendered histories can influence their current and future opportunities. The role of ethnicity, cultural competence and cultural safety is poorly understood within the allied health professions. All professions face challenges of how to best meet the needs of culturally and linguistically diverse populations who may also experience other inequities that impact on their health and wellbeing. The heterogeneity of the allied health professions mean that each discipline will face unique challenges in best meeting the needs of their specific populations and in a variety of contexts.
{"title":"Diversity in the allied health professions","authors":"S. Nancarrow, A. Borthwick","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1hqdj86.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1hqdj86.8","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter is dedicated to an analysis of diversity within the allied health professions, including the intersectional relationships between gender, class, ethnicity, interprofessionality and cultural competence. The chapter explores the complex interplay of the intersectionality in the allied health professions. Gender and the patriarchal origins of the health professions have shaped professional repertoires, the roles individuals adopt within their professions and their interrelationships with other professional groups. The picture is far from complete and requires further investigation, but clearly the allied health professions need to understand the way their gendered histories can influence their current and future opportunities. The role of ethnicity, cultural competence and cultural safety is poorly understood within the allied health professions. All professions face challenges of how to best meet the needs of culturally and linguistically diverse populations who may also experience other inequities that impact on their health and wellbeing. The heterogeneity of the allied health professions mean that each discipline will face unique challenges in best meeting the needs of their specific populations and in a variety of contexts.","PeriodicalId":210893,"journal":{"name":"The Allied Health Professions","volume":"6 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126716376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter explores in detail using the examples of optometry and radiography the early development of the well-established and more mature allied health professions who have had to negotiate their professional boundaries with the state and the medical profession. In many ways, it is these early disputes and negotiations that are responsible for shaping the modern health workforce and the allied health division of labour. Optometry and radiology constitute two clear examples of professions that may be regarded as established within contemporary mainstream healthcare. One has a long pre-modern history, with a degree of autonomy built on its claim to a unique knowledge base that is independent of medicine and a track record of retail business success; the other emerged firmly rooted in hospital practice comprising technicians competing with medicine within a medical sphere of practice. Optometry, historically male-dominated, was established prior to the advent of full medical hegemony and power; radiography, mainly female, arose within it. Yet, both continue to operate within limits to a scope of practice defined by the presence of two major medical specialities with which they closely interface: ophthalmology and radiology. Both groups have a clearly limited and subordinate role in the provision of healthcare within their own spheres, and both had to concede the right to make diagnoses within their fields of expertise. It is the latter that has so clearly influenced the limitations set on the prescribing of medicines for both groups, even in the current policy climate of workforce redesign and role flexibility.
{"title":"The established allied health professions","authors":"S. Nancarrow, A. Borthwick","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1hqdj86.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1hqdj86.9","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores in detail using the examples of optometry and radiography the early development of the well-established and more mature allied health professions who have had to negotiate their professional boundaries with the state and the medical profession. In many ways, it is these early disputes and negotiations that are responsible for shaping the modern health workforce and the allied health division of labour. Optometry and radiology constitute two clear examples of professions that may be regarded as established within contemporary mainstream healthcare. One has a long pre-modern history, with a degree of autonomy built on its claim to a unique knowledge base that is independent of medicine and a track record of retail business success; the other emerged firmly rooted in hospital practice comprising technicians competing with medicine within a medical sphere of practice. Optometry, historically male-dominated, was established prior to the advent of full medical hegemony and power; radiography, mainly female, arose within it. Yet, both continue to operate within limits to a scope of practice defined by the presence of two major medical specialities with which they closely interface: ophthalmology and radiology. Both groups have a clearly limited and subordinate role in the provision of healthcare within their own spheres, and both had to concede the right to make diagnoses within their fields of expertise. It is the latter that has so clearly influenced the limitations set on the prescribing of medicines for both groups, even in the current policy climate of workforce redesign and role flexibility.","PeriodicalId":210893,"journal":{"name":"The Allied Health Professions","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133017460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter explores the development of podiatric surgery as a state-registered allied health specialisation, and the negotiations with the state and the medical profession that shaped it. Few allied health professions have successfully achieved recognised specialisms. The medical profession particularly and the nursing profession to a lesser extent have both been successful in achieving internal divisions of labour through state-recognised specialisations. While many allied health professions recognise 'special interests' and endorse specialist areas of practice, few of these specialisms are formally recognised by the state or attract a higher level of professional recognition through higher roles and reimbursement. The two notable exceptions to this are the practice of psychology and podiatry.
{"title":"Specialisation in allied health","authors":"S. Nancarrow, A. Borthwick","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1hqdj86.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1hqdj86.12","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the development of podiatric surgery as a state-registered allied health specialisation, and the negotiations with the state and the medical profession that shaped it. Few allied health professions have successfully achieved recognised specialisms. The medical profession particularly and the nursing profession to a lesser extent have both been successful in achieving internal divisions of labour through state-recognised specialisations. While many allied health professions recognise 'special interests' and endorse specialist areas of practice, few of these specialisms are formally recognised by the state or attract a higher level of professional recognition through higher roles and reimbursement. The two notable exceptions to this are the practice of psychology and podiatry.","PeriodicalId":210893,"journal":{"name":"The Allied Health Professions","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124156097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editors’ overview","authors":"M. Saks, M. Dent","doi":"10.1353/cwh.2015.0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2015.0043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":210893,"journal":{"name":"The Allied Health Professions","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129257820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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