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Cancer Patients' Attitudes Towards the Anti-Covid-19 Vaccine: A Collective Case Study. 癌症患者对抗Covid-19疫苗的态度:一项集体案例研究。
IF 1.9 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871258981231024103349
Mara Mirandola, Federica Andreis, Chiara Deori, Sonia Abdel Kader, Anna Chiara Wedenissow, Clelia Malighetti, Fausto Meriggi, Alberto Zaniboni

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to determine cancer patients' attitudes toward the anti-COVID-19 vaccine.

Background: Historically, the scientific community's responsibility was to investigate attitudes about vaccination. The course of COVID-19 in cancer patients makes them a high priority for vaccination. Cancer patients are at greater risk of serious complications and death because of COVID-19 infection.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine cancer patients' attitudes toward the anti-COVID-19 vaccine. We examined several constructs that potentially influenced cancer patients' perceptions of the vaccine: health status, knowledge of COVID-19 and vaccination, cancer patients' perceptions of vulnerability, and attitudes toward general vaccines.

Methods: We conducted a collective case study with 200 cancer patients undergoing treatment, and divided the sample into two groups: patients who "expected to heal" (Group A) and patients who "expected to chronicize" (Group B). Data were collected through a purpose-built questionnaire consisting of 22 questions and a study of medical records.

Results: Data analysis showed that both groups, Group A (M= 3.89 SD= 0.64) and Group B (M= 3.98 SD= 0.64), had a favorable attitude toward the anti-COVID-19 vaccine. This favorable attitude toward the anti-COVID-19 vaccine depended on several factors: perception of vulnerability to COVID-19, perception of the severity of their oncological situation, and communication with oncologists.

Conclusion: Our study highlighted the plurality of factors that influence attitudes toward the anti-COVID-19 vaccine. It is therefore of fundamental importance to increase the use of the shared decision-making approach (SDM) to guide the patient to an informed choice.

目的:本研究旨在确定癌症患者对抗COVID-19疫苗的态度。背景:从历史上看,科学界的责任是调查人们对疫苗接种的态度。癌症患者的新冠肺炎病程使他们成为接种疫苗的高度优先对象。由于新冠肺炎感染,癌症患者出现严重并发症和死亡的风险更大。目的:本研究旨在确定癌症患者对抗新冠肺炎疫苗的态度。我们研究了几种可能影响癌症患者对疫苗认知的结构:健康状况、对新冠肺炎和疫苗接种的了解、癌症患者对脆弱性的认知以及对普通疫苗的态度。方法:我们对200名正在接受治疗的癌症患者进行了集体病例研究,并将样本分为两组:“有望治愈”的患者(a组)和“有望慢性化”的患者。数据是通过一份由22个问题组成的专门问卷和一项医疗记录研究收集的。结果:数据分析显示,A组(M=3.89 SD=0.64)和B组(M/3.98 SD=0.64。这种对抗新冠肺炎疫苗的积极态度取决于几个因素:对新冠肺炎脆弱性的认知、对肿瘤病情严重性的认知以及与肿瘤医生的沟通。结论:我们的研究强调了影响人们对抗COVID-19疫苗态度的多种因素。因此,更多地使用共享决策方法(SDM)来引导患者做出明智的选择至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
The Power of the Underutilized and Neglected Medicinal Plants and Herbs of the Middle East. 中东未充分利用和被忽视的药用植物和草药的力量。
IF 1.4 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871276544240212105612
Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian, Wenli Sun

The Middle east and North Africa harbour many native species with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential. Since the beginning of history, food and herbal medicinal plants have been an essential part of human lives and the traditional Middle Eastern healthcare system. The notable medicinal plants that have been mentioned in the Bible, which are common in West Asia and some regions of North Africa, are Aloe vera, anise, balm, cassia, cinnamon, cumin, flax, and fig. Chemical components of Aloe vera are aloin, sinapinic acid, catechin, chromone, myricetin, quercitrin and syringic acid. Anethole, safrole, and estragole are the main chemical components of anise. The chemical components of cassia are coumarin, emodin, cinnamyl alcohol, and cinnamaldehyde. The major chemical ingredients of cumin are terpinene, cuminaldehyde, sabinene, thujene, and thymoquinone. The goal of this article is to review the considerable health benefits and pharmaceutical benefits of medicinal herbs and plants that have been neglected and underutilized in the Middle East and North Africa, as well as to promote their utilization. On the basis of the results, the experimented neglected medicinal plant can offer various advantages when used together with conventional medicinal treatments for various health conditions, such as palliative care in managing the side effects of conventional treatments, access to a wider range of treatments, increased patient satisfaction, and improved emotional and mental well-being. Moreover, consuming medicinal plants may help to manage and prevent diabetes, cancer, and heart disease with notable anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory properties.

中东和北非蕴藏着许多具有制药和营养保健潜力的本地物种。有史以来,食物和草本药用植物一直是人类生活和中东传统医疗保健系统的重要组成部分。圣经》中提到的常见于西亚和北非一些地区的著名药用植物有芦荟、八角、香膏、桂皮、肉桂、小茴香、亚麻和无花果。芦荟的化学成分有芦荟素、山奈酸、儿茶素、色酮、杨梅素、槲皮素和丁香酸。茴香的主要化学成分是茴香醚、黄樟素和雌甾醇。桂皮的化学成分是香豆素、大黄素、桂皮醇和桂皮醛。小茴香的主要化学成分是萜品烯、积雪草醛、沙比利烯、�侧烯和百里香醌。本文旨在回顾中东和北非地区被忽视和利用不足的药草和植物对健康的巨大益处和药用价值,并促进对它们的利用。根据研究结果,实验中被忽视的药用植物在与常规药物疗法一起用于治疗各种健康状况时,可提供各种优势,如在控制常规疗法副作用方面的姑息治疗、获得更广泛的治疗、提高患者满意度以及改善情绪和精神健康。此外,食用药用植物还有助于控制和预防糖尿病、癌症和心脏病,具有显著的抗肿瘤和抗炎特性。
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引用次数: 0
Gender Differences in Patients with Prolactinoma: Single-center Ukrainian Experience. 泌乳素瘤患者的性别差异:乌克兰单中心经验。
IF 1.4 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871288948240325080936
Oleksandr Voznyak, Iaroslav Zinkevych, Andrii Lytvynenko, Nazarii Hryniv, Roman Ilyuk, Nazarii Kobyliak

Introduction: Prolactinomas are the most common type of pituitary gland tumors that secrete overly prolactin. They account for approximately 60% of all hormone-secreting hypophysis tumors.

Aim: This study aims to analyze gender differences in patients with prolactinomas who were operated on transsphenoidal surgery and conduct a single-center retrospective analysis of patient data.

Material and methods: This study evaluated the medical records of 109 patients (61 females and 48 males) from 2009 to 2019 at Feofaniya Clinical Hospital of the State Administration of Affairs in Kyiv, Ukraine. The primary criterion for including patients was a Serum Prolactin (PRL) level of over 100 ng/ml and the presence of a pituitary adenoma (PA) as observed on MRI. Additionally, the histological examination needed to confirm the presence of Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas (PSPAs) without plurihormonal activity through both microscopy and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.

Results: Significant differences in preoperative PRL levels were not observed. However, males had significantly larger tumor sizes and prevalence of macroadenomas. In male patients, the preoperative PLR levels showed a weak negative correlation with age (r=-0.304, p < 0.036) and a positive correlation with tumor size (r=0.555, p < 0.001) and cavernous sinus invasion (r=0.339, p < 0.018). In females, preoperative PRL was significantly associated only with tumor size and Knosp grade.

Conclusion: Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas (PSPAs) are more common in women than men and are characterized by larger and more invasive tumors with high PRL levels at diagnosis. The PRL level and tumor size before surgery can predict early biochemical remission in both males and females with an accuracy of 58.3% and 68.8%, respectively.

简介泌乳素瘤是垂体肿瘤中最常见的一种,会过度分泌泌乳素。目的:本研究旨在分析经蝶窦手术的泌乳素瘤患者的性别差异,并对患者数据进行单中心回顾性分析:本研究评估了乌克兰基辅国家事务管理局费奥法尼亚临床医院2009年至2019年109名患者(61名女性和48名男性)的病历。纳入患者的主要标准是血清泌乳素(PRL)水平超过 100 ng/ml,以及核磁共振成像观察到存在垂体腺瘤(PA)。此外,组织学检查需要通过显微镜和免疫组化(IHC)染色确认存在无多激素活性的泌乳素分泌型垂体腺瘤(PSPA):术前PRL水平无明显差异。然而,男性患者的肿瘤体积明显更大,大腺瘤的发病率也更高。在男性患者中,术前PLR水平与年龄呈弱负相关(r=-0.304,p<0.036),与肿瘤大小(r=0.555,p<0.001)和海绵窦侵犯(r=0.339,p<0.018)呈正相关。在女性患者中,术前PRL仅与肿瘤大小和Knosp分级显著相关:结论:泌乳素分泌型垂体腺瘤(PSPA)在女性中的发病率高于男性,其特点是肿瘤更大、侵袭性更强、诊断时PRL水平较高。手术前的 PRL 水平和肿瘤大小可预测男性和女性的早期生化缓解,准确率分别为 58.3% 和 68.8%。
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引用次数: 0
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Statin Therapy on Heart Transplantation. 他汀类药物疗法对心脏移植影响的系统性回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 1.4 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871301446240513093612
Hossein Mardani-Nafchi, Seyed Mahmoud Reza Hashemi Rafsanjani, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani, Saber Abbaszadeh, Babak Gholamine, Nasrollah Naghdi

Background: Most of the mortality after Heart Transplantation (HT) is attributed to severe cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) and rejection.

Objectives: This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of postoperative statin therapy on outcomes (mortality, rejection, and CAV in HT patients).

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed on publications between 1980 and October 2023 in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Embase databases. Heterogeneity was assessed using Chi-square, I2, and forest plots. Publication bias was evaluated using Begg's and Egger's tests. Analyses were performed in Stata 15 with significance at p < 0.05.

Results: This meta-analysis included 17 studies comprising 4,627 participants and conducted between 1995 to 2021. Compared to non-users, the odds of mortality were lower among statin users (OR= 0.49, 95% CI: 0.32-0.75, p < 0.001). The odds of CAV were also reduced with statin use (OR= 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53-0.96, p = 0.027). The odds of rejection were not significantly different (OR= 0.69, 95% CI: 0.41-1.15, p = 0.152). However, rejection odds were lower with statins in RCTs (OR= 0.42, 95% CI: 0.21-0.82, p = 0.012) but not in case-control studies (OR= 0.87, 95% CI: 0.49-1.52, p = 0.615). No publication bias was observed with Begg's test, but Egger's test showed possible bias.

Conclusion: This meta-analysis found postoperative statin use associated with lower mortality and CAV, but not overall rejection, though RCT subgroup analysis showed decreased rejection with statins. Statin therapy may improve prognosis in HT patients.

背景:心脏移植术(HT)后的大部分死亡率归因于严重的心脏异体移植血管病变(CAV)和排斥反应:本荟萃分析旨在研究他汀类药物术后治疗对预后(HT 患者的死亡率、排斥反应和 CAV)的影响:本系统综述和荟萃分析针对1980年至2023年10月期间在Web of Science、Scopus、PubMed、Cochrane、Science Direct、Google Scholar和Embase数据库中发表的论文。采用Chi-square、I2和森林图评估异质性。发表偏倚采用 Begg's 和 Egger's 检验进行评估。分析在 Stata 15 中进行,显著性为 p <0.05:这项荟萃分析包括 1995 年至 2021 年间进行的 17 项研究,共有 4627 人参与。与不使用他汀类药物者相比,使用他汀类药物者的死亡几率较低(OR= 0.49,95% CI:0.32-0.75,p < 0.001)。使用他汀类药物也会降低 CAV 的几率(OR= 0.71,95% CI:0.53-0.96,p = 0.027)。发生排斥反应的几率没有明显差异(OR= 0.69,95% CI:0.41-1.15,p = 0.152)。然而,在研究性临床试验中,他汀类药物的排斥几率较低(OR= 0.42,95% CI:0.21-0.82,p = 0.012),但在病例对照研究中则不然(OR= 0.87,95% CI:0.49-1.52,p = 0.615)。Begg检验未发现发表偏倚,但Egger检验显示可能存在偏倚:这项荟萃分析发现,术后使用他汀类药物与较低的死亡率和CAV有关,但与总体排斥反应无关,尽管RCT亚组分析显示他汀类药物可降低排斥反应。他汀类药物治疗可改善高危人群的预后。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of Clinical Trial Results of the Recently Approved Immunotherapeutic Drugs for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers. 近期获批的晚期胆道癌免疫治疗药物临床试验结果比较。
IF 1.4 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871276666240123043710
Samayita Das

The recently approved immunotherapeutic drugs are Keytruda (pembrolizumab) and Imfinzi (durvalumab) for advanced biliary tract cancers that inhibit PD-1 receptor and PD-L1 ligand, respectively. In this perspective, the results of the two clinical trials, i.e., TOPAZ-1 (NCT03875235) and KEYNOTE-966 (NCT04003636), are critically appraised, compared, and discussed to assess the benefits of these two drugs in the context of the treatment of advanced biliary tract cancers with a focus on PD-L1 status and MIS (microsatellite instability) status and therapy responsiveness in the subgroups. Analyzing the PD-L2 status in biliary tract cancer patients can aid in assessing the prognostic value of PD-L2 expression in determining the clinical response and this may aid in appropriate patient stratification.

最近获批用于晚期胆道癌的免疫治疗药物是Keytruda(pembrolizumab)和Imfinzi(durvalumab),它们分别抑制PD-1受体和PD-L1配体。本研究从这一角度出发,对TOPAZ-1(NCT03875235)和KEYNOTE-966(NCT04003636)两项临床试验的结果进行了严格的评估、比较和讨论,以评估这两种药物在治疗晚期胆道癌方面的优势,重点关注PD-L1状态和MIS(微卫星不稳定性)状态以及亚组的治疗反应性。分析胆道癌患者的PD-L2状态有助于评估PD-L2表达在确定临床反应方面的预后价值,这可能有助于对患者进行适当的分层。
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引用次数: 0
The Inevitability Prospects of Regulatory Information Management Software RegDesk to Ease Regulation Approvals. 监管信息管理软件RegDesk放宽监管审批的必然性前景。
IF 1.4 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871254734230929201816
Animesh Ranjan, Dilpreet Singh
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引用次数: 0
Preface 前言
IF 1.9 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1109/CGIV.2005.60
L. Abenavoli
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引用次数: 0
Clinical Trial Authorisation: A Final Look Back to Better Appraise the New European Regulation. 临床试验授权:更好地评估欧洲新法规的最后回顾。
IF 1.9 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1574887118666230320124012
Stéphane Vignot, Gaelle Guyader, Valérie Salomon, Philippe Vella, Isabelle Yoldjian, Patrick Maison, Christelle Ratignier-Carbonneil

The implementation of the new European Clinical Trial Regulation on 31 January 2022, is a major step to promote clinical research in Europe. The French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM) proposes to share some key aspects of the preparation for the application of the Regulation initiated in 2017 and to discuss shared indicators that should be considered to monitor clinical trials opportunities on a territory with regards to access to innovation for patients and attractiveness for sponsors. New criteria based on the time from the first request for authorisation to the first inclusion could be of particular interest to appraise the implementation of the European Clinical Trial Regulation.

新的《欧洲临床试验条例》于2022年1月31日实施,是促进欧洲临床研究的重要一步。法国国家药品和保健品安全局(ANSM)建议分享2017年启动的《条例》应用准备的一些关键方面,并讨论应考虑的共享指标,以监测一个地区在患者获得创新和赞助商吸引力方面的临床试验机会。基于从首次申请授权到首次纳入的时间的新标准对评估《欧洲临床试验条例》的实施可能特别有意义。
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引用次数: 0
Cladribine Efficacy in a Patient with Hairy Cell Leukemia and Severe Renal Insufficiency. 克拉屈滨对毛细胞白血病和严重肾功能不全患者的疗效。
IF 1.9 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871241817230919062313
Alessandro Gozzetti, Francesca Bacchiarri, Donatella Raspadori, Anna Sicuranza, Vincenzo Sammartano, Monica Bocchia

Background: Hairy cell leukemia commonly presents with pancytopenia, indolent course, and predisposition as infectious complications. Current first-line therapeutic options are purine analogues, particularly cladribine, with a high percentage of complete responses and durable remissions. However, their use is poorly investigated in patients affected by severe chronic renal insufficiency.

Case presentation: Here, we describe a case of HCL in a 68-year-old man affected by multiple comorbidities, including severe chronic renal failure. After a course of interferon-α, the patient received therapy with Cladribine every other week, obtaining a complete hematological remission and improvement of renal function.

Discussion: With a different soft schedule of cladribine, the patient was treated adequately, obtaining a complete remission.

Conclusion: Cladribine can be administered with caution, even in patients with renal failure, with good results.

背景:毛细胞白血病通常表现为全血细胞减少、病程缓慢和易患感染性并发症。目前的一线治疗选择是嘌呤类似物,特别是克拉屈滨,具有高百分比的完全缓解和持久缓解。然而,对严重慢性肾功能不全患者使用它们的研究很少。病例介绍:在这里,我们描述了一名68岁男性的HCL病例,他患有多种合并症,包括严重的慢性肾功能衰竭。在一个疗程的干扰素-α治疗后,患者每隔一周接受一次克拉屈滨治疗,血液学完全缓解,肾功能改善。讨论:使用不同的克拉屈滨软方案,患者得到了充分治疗,获得了完全缓解。结论:即使在肾功能衰竭的患者中也可以谨慎使用克拉屈滨,效果良好。
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引用次数: 0
Is the Patient Actually Failing on Enzalutamide? A Case Report and Issues to Consider in Enzalutamide-Resistant Oligoprogressive Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer. 病人服用恩杂鲁胺真的失败了吗?恩杂鲁胺耐药少进展性转移性去势耐药前列腺癌一例报告及需要考虑的问题。
IF 1.9 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1574887118666230412112136
Georgios I Papageorgiou, Nikolaos Skouteris, Aikaterini Kosma, Athina Markouizou, Nikolaos Charalampakis

Background: Metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a challenging disease, especially in heavily pretreated patients. Androgen pathway inhibitors have contributed to a notable improvement in the overall survival and quality of life in patients with mCRPC during the last decade. Still, a considerable percentage of patients are unable to draw benefits from this drug category and are deprived of a treatment that offers limited toxicity and preserves a good quality of life. The mechanisms leading to this pre-existing or acquired resistance, as well as the possible strategies to overcome this resistance have been put at the center of scientists' attention.

Case presentation: With the present report we present the case of a 70-year-old patient with mCRPC, who was apparently an enzalutamide non-responder, but a multimodal approach with enzalutamide continuation and irradiation to his symptomatic oligoprogressive disease converted him to a responder with clinical, biochemical and imaging response; furthermore, we discuss the existing data providing evidence for the use of metastasis-directed therapy in combination with androgen pathway inhibitors in order to overcome drug resistance in patients with oligoprogressive disease.

Conclusion: A considerable proportion of patients with oligometastatic or oligoprogressive prostate cancer who seem not to respond to androgen pathway inhibitors, such as enzalutamide, due to preexisting or acquired resistance, could benefit from MDT with a multimodal treatment approach. This strategy allows androgen pathway inhibitor continuation beyond biochemical progression and delays the switch to next-line systemic treatment.

背景:转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌(mCRPC)是一种具有挑战性的疾病,特别是在大量预处理的患者中。在过去的十年中,雄激素途径抑制剂对mCRPC患者的总体生存率和生活质量的显著改善做出了贡献。尽管如此,仍有相当大比例的患者无法从这类药物中获益,无法获得毒性有限且能保持良好生活质量的治疗。导致这种预先存在或获得性耐药性的机制,以及克服这种耐药性的可能策略,一直是科学家关注的焦点。病例介绍:在本报告中,我们报告了一名70岁的mCRPC患者,他显然对恩杂鲁胺无反应,但对他的症状性少进展性疾病进行了多模式治疗,继续使用恩杂鲁胺并进行放射治疗,使他对临床、生化和影像学有反应;此外,我们讨论了现有的数据,这些数据为使用转移导向治疗联合雄激素途径抑制剂来克服少进展性疾病患者的耐药性提供了证据。结论:相当比例的少转移性或少进展性前列腺癌患者,由于先前存在或获得性耐药,对雄激素途径抑制剂(如enzalutamide)似乎没有反应,可以从MDT和多模式治疗方法中获益。这种策略允许雄激素途径抑制剂在生化进展之外继续存在,并延迟转向下一步全身治疗。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Reviews on recent clinical trials
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