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Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) and Natural Remedies for Treatment of the Common Cold and Flu. 伊朗传统医学和治疗普通感冒和流感的自然疗法。
IF 1.4 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871275500231127065053
Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian, Wenli Sun

Traditional Iranian medicine is usually used for both prevention and relief of cold and flu symptoms in China, Iran, and many other Asian countries all over the world. There are 4 kinds of influenza viruses. Unlike type B, which may cause seasonal epidemics, type A viruses can cause pandemics, and influenza C may lead to mild human infection with little public health effects. A literature review was done by using multiple databases such as ISI Web of knowledge, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. The most notable antiviral medicinal plants for flu and cold are honeysuckle flowers, thyme leaf, green chiretta, andrographis, peppermint oil and leaf and calendula. The most important expectorant medicinal plants for cold and flu are snake root, tulsi, licorice root, slippery elm, clove, and sage leaf. Recommended immunostimulant medicinal plants for cold and flu are eucalyptus, Echinacea root, ginseng, garlic, slippery elm, marshmallow, Usnea lichen, Isatis root, ginger root, and myrrh resin. Iranian traditional medicine, which is one of the oldest schools of traditional medicine, is one of the main concepts of disease and health, and it can be considered as an important complementary and alternative medicine, as in some cases, modern medicine has many side effects, low efficiency, and high costs. Medicinal plants and herbs, which are included in many traditional systems, have significant and promising bioactive components in organic life.

在中国、伊朗和世界上许多其他亚洲国家,伊朗传统医学通常用于预防和缓解感冒和流感症状。流感病毒有四种。与可能引起季节性流行病的B型病毒不同,A型病毒可引起大流行,而C型流感可能导致轻微的人类感染,对公共卫生几乎没有影响。利用ISI Web of knowledge、PubMed、Science Direct和Google Scholar等多个数据库进行文献综述。治疗流感和感冒最显著的抗病毒药用植物是金银花、百里香叶、绿灯芯草、穿心莲、薄荷油和金盏花。对感冒和流感最重要的祛痰药用植物是蛇根、杜尔茜、甘草根、榆树、丁香和鼠尾草叶。推荐用于感冒和流感的免疫刺激药用植物有桉树、紫锥菊根、人参、大蒜、榆树、棉花糖、Usnea地衣、板蓝根、姜根和没药树脂。伊朗传统医学是最古老的传统医学流派之一,是疾病和健康的主要概念之一,可被视为一种重要的补充和替代医学,因为在某些情况下,现代医学有许多副作用,效率低,费用高。药用植物和草药,包括在许多传统系统中,是有机生命中重要的和有前途的生物活性成分。
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引用次数: 0
Gender Differences in Patients with Prolactinoma: Single-center Ukrainian Experience. 泌乳素瘤患者的性别差异:乌克兰单中心经验。
IF 1.4 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871288948240325080936
Oleksandr Voznyak, Iaroslav Zinkevych, Andrii Lytvynenko, Nazarii Hryniv, Roman Ilyuk, Nazarii Kobyliak

Introduction: Prolactinomas are the most common type of pituitary gland tumors that secrete overly prolactin. They account for approximately 60% of all hormone-secreting hypophysis tumors.

Aim: This study aims to analyze gender differences in patients with prolactinomas who were operated on transsphenoidal surgery and conduct a single-center retrospective analysis of patient data.

Material and methods: This study evaluated the medical records of 109 patients (61 females and 48 males) from 2009 to 2019 at Feofaniya Clinical Hospital of the State Administration of Affairs in Kyiv, Ukraine. The primary criterion for including patients was a Serum Prolactin (PRL) level of over 100 ng/ml and the presence of a pituitary adenoma (PA) as observed on MRI. Additionally, the histological examination needed to confirm the presence of Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas (PSPAs) without plurihormonal activity through both microscopy and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.

Results: Significant differences in preoperative PRL levels were not observed. However, males had significantly larger tumor sizes and prevalence of macroadenomas. In male patients, the preoperative PLR levels showed a weak negative correlation with age (r=-0.304, p < 0.036) and a positive correlation with tumor size (r=0.555, p < 0.001) and cavernous sinus invasion (r=0.339, p < 0.018). In females, preoperative PRL was significantly associated only with tumor size and Knosp grade.

Conclusion: Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas (PSPAs) are more common in women than men and are characterized by larger and more invasive tumors with high PRL levels at diagnosis. The PRL level and tumor size before surgery can predict early biochemical remission in both males and females with an accuracy of 58.3% and 68.8%, respectively.

简介泌乳素瘤是垂体肿瘤中最常见的一种,会过度分泌泌乳素。目的:本研究旨在分析经蝶窦手术的泌乳素瘤患者的性别差异,并对患者数据进行单中心回顾性分析:本研究评估了乌克兰基辅国家事务管理局费奥法尼亚临床医院2009年至2019年109名患者(61名女性和48名男性)的病历。纳入患者的主要标准是血清泌乳素(PRL)水平超过 100 ng/ml,以及核磁共振成像观察到存在垂体腺瘤(PA)。此外,组织学检查需要通过显微镜和免疫组化(IHC)染色确认存在无多激素活性的泌乳素分泌型垂体腺瘤(PSPA):术前PRL水平无明显差异。然而,男性患者的肿瘤体积明显更大,大腺瘤的发病率也更高。在男性患者中,术前PLR水平与年龄呈弱负相关(r=-0.304,p<0.036),与肿瘤大小(r=0.555,p<0.001)和海绵窦侵犯(r=0.339,p<0.018)呈正相关。在女性患者中,术前PRL仅与肿瘤大小和Knosp分级显著相关:结论:泌乳素分泌型垂体腺瘤(PSPA)在女性中的发病率高于男性,其特点是肿瘤更大、侵袭性更强、诊断时PRL水平较高。手术前的 PRL 水平和肿瘤大小可预测男性和女性的早期生化缓解,准确率分别为 58.3% 和 68.8%。
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引用次数: 0
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Statin Therapy on Heart Transplantation. 他汀类药物疗法对心脏移植影响的系统性回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 1.4 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871301446240513093612
Hossein Mardani-Nafchi, Seyed Mahmoud Reza Hashemi Rafsanjani, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani, Saber Abbaszadeh, Babak Gholamine, Nasrollah Naghdi

Background: Most of the mortality after Heart Transplantation (HT) is attributed to severe cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) and rejection.

Objectives: This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of postoperative statin therapy on outcomes (mortality, rejection, and CAV in HT patients).

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed on publications between 1980 and October 2023 in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Embase databases. Heterogeneity was assessed using Chi-square, I2, and forest plots. Publication bias was evaluated using Begg's and Egger's tests. Analyses were performed in Stata 15 with significance at p < 0.05.

Results: This meta-analysis included 17 studies comprising 4,627 participants and conducted between 1995 to 2021. Compared to non-users, the odds of mortality were lower among statin users (OR= 0.49, 95% CI: 0.32-0.75, p < 0.001). The odds of CAV were also reduced with statin use (OR= 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53-0.96, p = 0.027). The odds of rejection were not significantly different (OR= 0.69, 95% CI: 0.41-1.15, p = 0.152). However, rejection odds were lower with statins in RCTs (OR= 0.42, 95% CI: 0.21-0.82, p = 0.012) but not in case-control studies (OR= 0.87, 95% CI: 0.49-1.52, p = 0.615). No publication bias was observed with Begg's test, but Egger's test showed possible bias.

Conclusion: This meta-analysis found postoperative statin use associated with lower mortality and CAV, but not overall rejection, though RCT subgroup analysis showed decreased rejection with statins. Statin therapy may improve prognosis in HT patients.

背景:心脏移植术(HT)后的大部分死亡率归因于严重的心脏异体移植血管病变(CAV)和排斥反应:本荟萃分析旨在研究他汀类药物术后治疗对预后(HT 患者的死亡率、排斥反应和 CAV)的影响:本系统综述和荟萃分析针对1980年至2023年10月期间在Web of Science、Scopus、PubMed、Cochrane、Science Direct、Google Scholar和Embase数据库中发表的论文。采用Chi-square、I2和森林图评估异质性。发表偏倚采用 Begg's 和 Egger's 检验进行评估。分析在 Stata 15 中进行,显著性为 p <0.05:这项荟萃分析包括 1995 年至 2021 年间进行的 17 项研究,共有 4627 人参与。与不使用他汀类药物者相比,使用他汀类药物者的死亡几率较低(OR= 0.49,95% CI:0.32-0.75,p < 0.001)。使用他汀类药物也会降低 CAV 的几率(OR= 0.71,95% CI:0.53-0.96,p = 0.027)。发生排斥反应的几率没有明显差异(OR= 0.69,95% CI:0.41-1.15,p = 0.152)。然而,在研究性临床试验中,他汀类药物的排斥几率较低(OR= 0.42,95% CI:0.21-0.82,p = 0.012),但在病例对照研究中则不然(OR= 0.87,95% CI:0.49-1.52,p = 0.615)。Begg检验未发现发表偏倚,但Egger检验显示可能存在偏倚:这项荟萃分析发现,术后使用他汀类药物与较低的死亡率和CAV有关,但与总体排斥反应无关,尽管RCT亚组分析显示他汀类药物可降低排斥反应。他汀类药物治疗可改善高危人群的预后。
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引用次数: 0
The Power of the Underutilized and Neglected Medicinal Plants and Herbs of the Middle East. 中东未充分利用和被忽视的药用植物和草药的力量。
IF 1.4 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871276544240212105612
Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian, Wenli Sun

The Middle east and North Africa harbour many native species with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential. Since the beginning of history, food and herbal medicinal plants have been an essential part of human lives and the traditional Middle Eastern healthcare system. The notable medicinal plants that have been mentioned in the Bible, which are common in West Asia and some regions of North Africa, are Aloe vera, anise, balm, cassia, cinnamon, cumin, flax, and fig. Chemical components of Aloe vera are aloin, sinapinic acid, catechin, chromone, myricetin, quercitrin and syringic acid. Anethole, safrole, and estragole are the main chemical components of anise. The chemical components of cassia are coumarin, emodin, cinnamyl alcohol, and cinnamaldehyde. The major chemical ingredients of cumin are terpinene, cuminaldehyde, sabinene, thujene, and thymoquinone. The goal of this article is to review the considerable health benefits and pharmaceutical benefits of medicinal herbs and plants that have been neglected and underutilized in the Middle East and North Africa, as well as to promote their utilization. On the basis of the results, the experimented neglected medicinal plant can offer various advantages when used together with conventional medicinal treatments for various health conditions, such as palliative care in managing the side effects of conventional treatments, access to a wider range of treatments, increased patient satisfaction, and improved emotional and mental well-being. Moreover, consuming medicinal plants may help to manage and prevent diabetes, cancer, and heart disease with notable anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory properties.

中东和北非蕴藏着许多具有制药和营养保健潜力的本地物种。有史以来,食物和草本药用植物一直是人类生活和中东传统医疗保健系统的重要组成部分。圣经》中提到的常见于西亚和北非一些地区的著名药用植物有芦荟、八角、香膏、桂皮、肉桂、小茴香、亚麻和无花果。芦荟的化学成分有芦荟素、山奈酸、儿茶素、色酮、杨梅素、槲皮素和丁香酸。茴香的主要化学成分是茴香醚、黄樟素和雌甾醇。桂皮的化学成分是香豆素、大黄素、桂皮醇和桂皮醛。小茴香的主要化学成分是萜品烯、积雪草醛、沙比利烯、�侧烯和百里香醌。本文旨在回顾中东和北非地区被忽视和利用不足的药草和植物对健康的巨大益处和药用价值,并促进对它们的利用。根据研究结果,实验中被忽视的药用植物在与常规药物疗法一起用于治疗各种健康状况时,可提供各种优势,如在控制常规疗法副作用方面的姑息治疗、获得更广泛的治疗、提高患者满意度以及改善情绪和精神健康。此外,食用药用植物还有助于控制和预防糖尿病、癌症和心脏病,具有显著的抗肿瘤和抗炎特性。
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引用次数: 0
The Inevitability Prospects of Regulatory Information Management Software RegDesk to Ease Regulation Approvals. 监管信息管理软件RegDesk放宽监管审批的必然性前景。
IF 1.4 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871254734230929201816
Animesh Ranjan, Dilpreet Singh
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of Clinical Trial Results of the Recently Approved Immunotherapeutic Drugs for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers. 近期获批的晚期胆道癌免疫治疗药物临床试验结果比较。
IF 1.4 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871276666240123043710
Samayita Das

The recently approved immunotherapeutic drugs are Keytruda (pembrolizumab) and Imfinzi (durvalumab) for advanced biliary tract cancers that inhibit PD-1 receptor and PD-L1 ligand, respectively. In this perspective, the results of the two clinical trials, i.e., TOPAZ-1 (NCT03875235) and KEYNOTE-966 (NCT04003636), are critically appraised, compared, and discussed to assess the benefits of these two drugs in the context of the treatment of advanced biliary tract cancers with a focus on PD-L1 status and MIS (microsatellite instability) status and therapy responsiveness in the subgroups. Analyzing the PD-L2 status in biliary tract cancer patients can aid in assessing the prognostic value of PD-L2 expression in determining the clinical response and this may aid in appropriate patient stratification.

最近获批用于晚期胆道癌的免疫治疗药物是Keytruda(pembrolizumab)和Imfinzi(durvalumab),它们分别抑制PD-1受体和PD-L1配体。本研究从这一角度出发,对TOPAZ-1(NCT03875235)和KEYNOTE-966(NCT04003636)两项临床试验的结果进行了严格的评估、比较和讨论,以评估这两种药物在治疗晚期胆道癌方面的优势,重点关注PD-L1状态和MIS(微卫星不稳定性)状态以及亚组的治疗反应性。分析胆道癌患者的PD-L2状态有助于评估PD-L2表达在确定临床反应方面的预后价值,这可能有助于对患者进行适当的分层。
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引用次数: 0
Preface 前言
IF 1.9 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1109/CGIV.2005.60
L. Abenavoli
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引用次数: 0
Clinical Trial Authorisation: A Final Look Back to Better Appraise the New European Regulation. 临床试验授权:更好地评估欧洲新法规的最后回顾。
IF 1.9 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1574887118666230320124012
Stéphane Vignot, Gaelle Guyader, Valérie Salomon, Philippe Vella, Isabelle Yoldjian, Patrick Maison, Christelle Ratignier-Carbonneil

The implementation of the new European Clinical Trial Regulation on 31 January 2022, is a major step to promote clinical research in Europe. The French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM) proposes to share some key aspects of the preparation for the application of the Regulation initiated in 2017 and to discuss shared indicators that should be considered to monitor clinical trials opportunities on a territory with regards to access to innovation for patients and attractiveness for sponsors. New criteria based on the time from the first request for authorisation to the first inclusion could be of particular interest to appraise the implementation of the European Clinical Trial Regulation.

新的《欧洲临床试验条例》于2022年1月31日实施,是促进欧洲临床研究的重要一步。法国国家药品和保健品安全局(ANSM)建议分享2017年启动的《条例》应用准备的一些关键方面,并讨论应考虑的共享指标,以监测一个地区在患者获得创新和赞助商吸引力方面的临床试验机会。基于从首次申请授权到首次纳入的时间的新标准对评估《欧洲临床试验条例》的实施可能特别有意义。
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引用次数: 0
Cladribine Efficacy in a Patient with Hairy Cell Leukemia and Severe Renal Insufficiency. 克拉屈滨对毛细胞白血病和严重肾功能不全患者的疗效。
IF 1.4 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871241817230919062313
Alessandro Gozzetti, Francesca Bacchiarri, Donatella Raspadori, Anna Sicuranza, Vincenzo Sammartano, Monica Bocchia

Background: Hairy cell leukemia commonly presents with pancytopenia, indolent course, and predisposition as infectious complications. Current first-line therapeutic options are purine analogues, particularly cladribine, with a high percentage of complete responses and durable remissions. However, their use is poorly investigated in patients affected by severe chronic renal insufficiency.

Case presentation: Here, we describe a case of HCL in a 68-year-old man affected by multiple comorbidities, including severe chronic renal failure. After a course of interferon-α, the patient received therapy with Cladribine every other week, obtaining a complete hematological remission and improvement of renal function.

Discussion: With a different soft schedule of cladribine, the patient was treated adequately, obtaining a complete remission.

Conclusion: Cladribine can be administered with caution, even in patients with renal failure, with good results.

背景:毛细胞白血病通常表现为全血细胞减少、病程缓慢和易患感染性并发症。目前的一线治疗选择是嘌呤类似物,特别是克拉屈滨,具有高百分比的完全缓解和持久缓解。然而,对严重慢性肾功能不全患者使用它们的研究很少。病例介绍:在这里,我们描述了一名68岁男性的HCL病例,他患有多种合并症,包括严重的慢性肾功能衰竭。在一个疗程的干扰素-α治疗后,患者每隔一周接受一次克拉屈滨治疗,血液学完全缓解,肾功能改善。讨论:使用不同的克拉屈滨软方案,患者得到了充分治疗,获得了完全缓解。结论:即使在肾功能衰竭的患者中也可以谨慎使用克拉屈滨,效果良好。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness Among the Stakeholders of Clinical Research at the Site: A Collaborative, Electronic-Survey Approach to Identify the Indicators of Quality. 现场临床研究利益相关者的知识和意识评估:一种确定质量指标的协作式电子调查方法。
IF 1.9 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1574887118666221019100542
Chandana Pal, Aravind Kumar Rengan, Latha Moodahadu, Jayanthi Swaminathan, Balakrishna Nagalla

Background: There has been a concern about the quality of clinical trials conducted in terms of data integrity, accuracy or ethical conduct. This study aimed to assess the tangible gap existing in knowledge and application of rules and guidelines among the Researcher, Research staff (RS) and Ethics Committee (EC) members - the three research stakeholders at the study sites.

Methods: A validated e-questionnaire with details for demography, role, years of experience, affiliation and questions on knowledge and understanding about their clinical research functions based on the New Drugs and Clinical Trials (NDCT) Rules 2019, including: 'Role and responsibility, Regulations, Reporting timelines, Documentation, Conflict of interest and Miscellaneous' was circulated among the seven research sites of one organization with their fourteen Institutional ECs, as part of planned annual survey. Responses with >60% correct answers were arbitrarily considered to represent adequate knowledge.

Results: Of 201 participants, there were 27.4% Researchers, 50.2% were from the EC and 22.4% RS. A greater proportion of the Researchers (43.6%) had >5 years of experience. The mean ± SD of correct answers obtained was 66.9 ± 14.77 and was statistically significant (p<0.05) among the groups, highest for the EC members (71.4 ± 11.51), those with 2-5 years of experience (68.4 ± 14.40), and least for the RS (56.8 ± 11.93). Researchers (> 90%) were aware of their role in the clinical trial agreement and the importance of the trial registration in the Clinical Trials Registry India. There were gaps in the knowledge on Informed Consent (IC) process and post-trial access. Awareness regarding the IC process was adequate among the RS (84%). Awareness that the responsibility of all delegation at the site finally lies with the Researchers was adequate (60%), but 20% incorrectly believed that the sponsor can have access to subject identification details. Deficiencies were noted regarding documentation, NDCT rules -2019 and serious adverse event (SAE) reporting process. Five percent answered that Data Clarification Forms were generated after reviewing the case report forms. The awareness that NDCT rules-2019 was not for medical devices, student projects or Investigator Initiated Studies was inadequate (56%). The EC members' awareness of roles and responsibilities was adequate (≥ 90%). Knowledge gaps were noted in EC monitoring of the ongoing trials (32%) and SAE reporting on the SUGAM portal (8.8%), where stakeholders can access the regulator's web services using a single window interface for clinical trial related activities.

Conclusion: There are gaps in the knowledge of the 3 stakeholders at the site. Identifying and rectifying the gray areas will improve the site's performance. There is a need for regular training and assessments.

背景:人们一直关注临床试验在数据完整性、准确性或伦理行为方面的质量。本研究旨在评估研究者、研究人员(RS)和伦理委员会(EC)成员(研究地点的三个研究利益相关者)在规则和指南的知识和应用方面存在的切实差距。方法:根据2019年《新药和临床试验(NDCT)规则》,制作一份经过验证的电子问卷,详细填写人口统计、角色、经验年限、隶属关系以及对其临床研究职能的知识和理解问题,包括:“角色和责任,条例,报告时间表,文件,利益冲突和杂项”作为计划年度调查的一部分,在一个组织及其14个机构委员会的七个研究地点之间分发。正确答案大于60%的回答被武断地认为代表了足够的知识。结果:在201名参与者中,研究人员占27.4%,来自欧委会的占50.2%,来自RS的占22.4%,研究人员中有>5年经验的比例较大(43.6%)。获得的正确答案的平均值±标准差为66.9±14.77,具有统计学意义(p为90%),意识到他们在临床试验协议中的作用以及在印度临床试验注册中心注册试验的重要性。在知情同意(IC)程序和试验后获取方面存在空白。RS(84%)对IC流程的认识是足够的。在现场所有授权的责任最终取决于研究人员的意识是充分的(60%),但20%的人错误地认为赞助商可以获得受试者身份识别细节。报告指出了文件、2019年NDCT规则和严重不良事件(SAE)报告流程方面的缺陷。5%的人回答说,数据澄清表是在审查案件报告表格后生成的。意识到2019年NDCT规则不适用于医疗器械、学生项目或研究者发起的研究是不充分的(56%)。EC成员的角色和责任意识是充分的(≥90%)。在EC对正在进行的试验的监测(32%)和SAE在SUGAM门户网站上的报告(8.8%)中注意到知识差距,在SUGAM门户网站上,利益相关者可以使用单一窗口界面访问监管机构的web服务,进行临床试验相关活动。结论:现场3个利益相关者的知识存在差距。识别和纠正灰色地带将提高网站的性能。有必要定期进行培训和评估。
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引用次数: 0
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Reviews on recent clinical trials
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