Recently, multi-stable origami structures and material systems have shown promising potentials to achieve multi-functionality. Especially, origami folding is fundamentally a three-dimensional mechanism, which imparts unique capabilities not seen in the more traditional multi-stable systems. This paper proposes and analytically examines a multi-stable origami cellular structure that can exhibit asymmetric energy barriers and a mechanical diode behavior in compression. Such a structure consists of many stacked Miura-ori sheets of different folding stiffness and accordion-shaped connecting sheets, and it can be divided into unit cells that features two different stable equilibria. To understand the desired diode behavior, this study focuses on two adjacent unit cells and examines how folding can create a kinematic constraint onto the deformation of these two cells. Via estimating the elastic potential energy landscape of this dual cell system. we find that the folding-induced kinematic constraint can significantly increase the potential energy barrier for compressing the dual-cell structure from a certain stable state to another, however, the same constraint would not increase the energy barrier of the opposite extension switch. As a result, one needs to apply a large force to compress the origami cellular structure but only a small force to stretch it, hence a mechanical diode behavior. Results of this study can open new possibilities for achieving structural motion rectifying, wave propagation control, and embedded mechanical computation.
{"title":"Exploiting the Asymmetric Energy Barrier in Multi-Stable Origami to Enable Mechanical Diode Behavior in Compression","authors":"Nasim Baharisangari, Suyi Li","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97420","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Recently, multi-stable origami structures and material systems have shown promising potentials to achieve multi-functionality. Especially, origami folding is fundamentally a three-dimensional mechanism, which imparts unique capabilities not seen in the more traditional multi-stable systems. This paper proposes and analytically examines a multi-stable origami cellular structure that can exhibit asymmetric energy barriers and a mechanical diode behavior in compression. Such a structure consists of many stacked Miura-ori sheets of different folding stiffness and accordion-shaped connecting sheets, and it can be divided into unit cells that features two different stable equilibria. To understand the desired diode behavior, this study focuses on two adjacent unit cells and examines how folding can create a kinematic constraint onto the deformation of these two cells. Via estimating the elastic potential energy landscape of this dual cell system. we find that the folding-induced kinematic constraint can significantly increase the potential energy barrier for compressing the dual-cell structure from a certain stable state to another, however, the same constraint would not increase the energy barrier of the opposite extension switch. As a result, one needs to apply a large force to compress the origami cellular structure but only a small force to stretch it, hence a mechanical diode behavior. Results of this study can open new possibilities for achieving structural motion rectifying, wave propagation control, and embedded mechanical computation.","PeriodicalId":211780,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5B: 43rd Mechanisms and Robotics Conference","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115931556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many numerical approaches have been proposed to simulate the folding process of origami pattern under external force or displacement. Based on the Finite Particle Method (FPM), this paper develops a method to simulate the unfolding process of the Origami Pattern named triangular Resch Pattern by the energy stored in the crease. The formulations of the FPM for particle-bar-hinge models are derived. A simple fold origami example is given to verify the proposed formulations. Finally, the unfolding process of the triangular Resch pattern is simulated, and the symmetry properties of the triangular Resch pattern are obtained. The symmetry properties of this pattern have potential use in the degree-of-freedom reduction and motion control.
{"title":"On the Unfolding Process of Triangular Resch Patterns: A Finite Particle Method Investigation","authors":"Ying Yu, Yan Chen, G. Paulino","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-98121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98121","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Many numerical approaches have been proposed to simulate the folding process of origami pattern under external force or displacement. Based on the Finite Particle Method (FPM), this paper develops a method to simulate the unfolding process of the Origami Pattern named triangular Resch Pattern by the energy stored in the crease. The formulations of the FPM for particle-bar-hinge models are derived. A simple fold origami example is given to verify the proposed formulations. Finally, the unfolding process of the triangular Resch pattern is simulated, and the symmetry properties of the triangular Resch pattern are obtained. The symmetry properties of this pattern have potential use in the degree-of-freedom reduction and motion control.","PeriodicalId":211780,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5B: 43rd Mechanisms and Robotics Conference","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126253488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we present the mechanical design and control system of a new indoor and outdoor Quad-Tilt-Wing flying robot. The proposed flying robot can achieve vertical takeoff, hovering, and long duration horizontal high-speed flight. All of these flight modes can be achieved by simply changing the angle of the rotors and wings by a tilt mechanism. We present the details on design and prototyping, the attitude control system, and experimental results, including wind-tunnel experiments, full flight tests, and performance tests. The experimental results show that our Quad-Tilt-Wing flying robot successfully achieves full conversion flight: vertical and rapid takeoff, high-speed cruise, and vertical landing. Performance test results show that during horizontal flight, the wings generate lift and effectively reduce energy use compared to a fixed quad rotor architecture. Consequently, the proposed platform combines unique features of multi-rotor and fixed wing systems to achieve long-duration flight with low-energy compared to a conventional multi-rotor UAV.
{"title":"Development and Experimental Evaluation of a Quad-Tilt-Wing Flying Robot Platform","authors":"A. Aihaitijiang, C. Onal","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-98500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98500","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, we present the mechanical design and control system of a new indoor and outdoor Quad-Tilt-Wing flying robot. The proposed flying robot can achieve vertical takeoff, hovering, and long duration horizontal high-speed flight. All of these flight modes can be achieved by simply changing the angle of the rotors and wings by a tilt mechanism. We present the details on design and prototyping, the attitude control system, and experimental results, including wind-tunnel experiments, full flight tests, and performance tests. The experimental results show that our Quad-Tilt-Wing flying robot successfully achieves full conversion flight: vertical and rapid takeoff, high-speed cruise, and vertical landing. Performance test results show that during horizontal flight, the wings generate lift and effectively reduce energy use compared to a fixed quad rotor architecture. Consequently, the proposed platform combines unique features of multi-rotor and fixed wing systems to achieve long-duration flight with low-energy compared to a conventional multi-rotor UAV.","PeriodicalId":211780,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5B: 43rd Mechanisms and Robotics Conference","volume":"41 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134545018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, quasi-static out-of-plane compression behaviors of Miura-ori patterned sheets were investigated numerically by using finite element analysis (FEA). The simulation results show a reasonable agreement with the experimental results. In addition, the parametric analysis of the Miura-ori patterned sheets with different cell wall thicknesses, side lengths, dihedral angles and sector angles were carried out using FEA method. The influences of different parameters on the peak force and mean force were determined.
{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Quasi-Static Out-of-Plane Compression of Miura-Ori Patterned Sheets","authors":"X. Xiang, G. Lu","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97113","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, quasi-static out-of-plane compression behaviors of Miura-ori patterned sheets were investigated numerically by using finite element analysis (FEA). The simulation results show a reasonable agreement with the experimental results. In addition, the parametric analysis of the Miura-ori patterned sheets with different cell wall thicknesses, side lengths, dihedral angles and sector angles were carried out using FEA method. The influences of different parameters on the peak force and mean force were determined.","PeriodicalId":211780,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5B: 43rd Mechanisms and Robotics Conference","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133862382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on observations from nature, tails are believed to help animals achieve highly agile motions. Traditional single-link robotic tails serve as a good simplification for both modeling and implementation purposes. However, this approach cannot explain the complicated tail behaviors exhibited in nature where multi-link structures are more commonly observed. Unlike its single-link counterpart, articulated multi-link tails essentially belong to the serial manipulator family which possesses special transmission design challenges. To address this challenge, a cable driven hyper-redundant design becomes the most used approach. Limited by cable strength and elastic components, this approach suffers from low frequency responses, inadequate generated inertial loading, and fragile hardware, which are all critical drawbacks for robotic tails design. To solve these structure related shortcomings, a multi-link robotic tail made up of rigid links is proposed in this paper. The new structure takes advantage of the traditional hybrid mechanism architecture, but utilizes rigid mechanisms to couple the motions between ith link and i + 1th link rather than using cable actuation. By doing so, the overall tail becomes a rigid mechanism which achieves quasi-uniform spatial bending for each segment and allows performing highly dynamic motions. The mechanism and detailed design for this new tail are synthesized. The kinematic model was developed and an optimization process was conducted to minimize the bending non-uniformity for the rigid tail.
{"title":"Design, Analysis, and Optimization of a New Two-DOF Articulated Multi-Link Robotic Tail","authors":"Yujiong Liu, P. Ben-Tzvi","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97537","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Based on observations from nature, tails are believed to help animals achieve highly agile motions. Traditional single-link robotic tails serve as a good simplification for both modeling and implementation purposes. However, this approach cannot explain the complicated tail behaviors exhibited in nature where multi-link structures are more commonly observed. Unlike its single-link counterpart, articulated multi-link tails essentially belong to the serial manipulator family which possesses special transmission design challenges. To address this challenge, a cable driven hyper-redundant design becomes the most used approach. Limited by cable strength and elastic components, this approach suffers from low frequency responses, inadequate generated inertial loading, and fragile hardware, which are all critical drawbacks for robotic tails design. To solve these structure related shortcomings, a multi-link robotic tail made up of rigid links is proposed in this paper. The new structure takes advantage of the traditional hybrid mechanism architecture, but utilizes rigid mechanisms to couple the motions between ith link and i + 1th link rather than using cable actuation. By doing so, the overall tail becomes a rigid mechanism which achieves quasi-uniform spatial bending for each segment and allows performing highly dynamic motions. The mechanism and detailed design for this new tail are synthesized. The kinematic model was developed and an optimization process was conducted to minimize the bending non-uniformity for the rigid tail.","PeriodicalId":211780,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5B: 43rd Mechanisms and Robotics Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122506739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robustness, compactness, and portability of tensegrity robots make them suitable candidates for locomotion on unknown terrains. Locomotion is achieved by breaking symmetry and altering the position of center-of-mass to induce “tip-over”. The design of curved links of tensegrity mechanisms allows continuous change in the point of contact (along the curve) as compared to discontinuities in the traditional straight links (point contact) which induces impulse reaction forces during locomotion. The illustrated curve-link tensegrity robot achieves smooth locomotion through internal mass-shifting. Additionally, this tensegrity robot displays folding and unfolding. Introduced is a design methodology for fabricating tensegrity robots of varying morphologies with modular components created using rapid prototyping techniques, including 3D printing and laser-cutting. The techniques are utilized to fabricate simple tensegrity structures, followed by locomotive tensegrity robots in icosahedron and half-circle arc morphologies.
{"title":"Compact Tensegrity Robots Capable of Locomotion Through Mass-Shifting","authors":"Tyler Rhodes, V. Vikas","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-98513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98513","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Robustness, compactness, and portability of tensegrity robots make them suitable candidates for locomotion on unknown terrains. Locomotion is achieved by breaking symmetry and altering the position of center-of-mass to induce “tip-over”. The design of curved links of tensegrity mechanisms allows continuous change in the point of contact (along the curve) as compared to discontinuities in the traditional straight links (point contact) which induces impulse reaction forces during locomotion. The illustrated curve-link tensegrity robot achieves smooth locomotion through internal mass-shifting. Additionally, this tensegrity robot displays folding and unfolding. Introduced is a design methodology for fabricating tensegrity robots of varying morphologies with modular components created using rapid prototyping techniques, including 3D printing and laser-cutting. The techniques are utilized to fabricate simple tensegrity structures, followed by locomotive tensegrity robots in icosahedron and half-circle arc morphologies.","PeriodicalId":211780,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5B: 43rd Mechanisms and Robotics Conference","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121080301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A polynomial system that contains parameters is termed a parametric polynomial system (PPS). We had previously proposed a method of kinematic analysis of mechanisms based on PPS with Gröbner cover, where the parameters are used to express link lengths, displacements of active joints, and so on. Calculating Gröbner cover of PPS that expresses kinematic constraints, and interpreting the segments of the parameter space that are generated by Gröbner cover, it is possible to gain an insight for comprehensively understanding kinematic properties of mechanisms characterized by the parameters. In this study, certain improvements to the method were made to enhance its practical application. The validity check of the segments in the real domain using quantifier elimination provides an automatic reliable check even for a large number of segments. The evaluation of the solution spaces in the segments using primary decomposition facilitates the kinematic interpretation of the complex solution spaces. The active joint selection based on the variable order in Gröbner cover enables the analyses without explicitly specifying active joints. Moreover, the alternative algebraic formulation of kinematic problems based on a homogeneous transformation matrix provides further insight regarding the mechanisms containing zero-length links. The effectiveness of these improvements was verified by the analyses of the configurations of 3RPR mechanism and five-bar linkage.
{"title":"Improving the Method for Kinematic Analysis of Mechanisms That Was Based on Parametric Polynomial System With Gröbner Cover","authors":"K. Arikawa","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97679","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A polynomial system that contains parameters is termed a parametric polynomial system (PPS). We had previously proposed a method of kinematic analysis of mechanisms based on PPS with Gröbner cover, where the parameters are used to express link lengths, displacements of active joints, and so on. Calculating Gröbner cover of PPS that expresses kinematic constraints, and interpreting the segments of the parameter space that are generated by Gröbner cover, it is possible to gain an insight for comprehensively understanding kinematic properties of mechanisms characterized by the parameters. In this study, certain improvements to the method were made to enhance its practical application. The validity check of the segments in the real domain using quantifier elimination provides an automatic reliable check even for a large number of segments. The evaluation of the solution spaces in the segments using primary decomposition facilitates the kinematic interpretation of the complex solution spaces. The active joint selection based on the variable order in Gröbner cover enables the analyses without explicitly specifying active joints. Moreover, the alternative algebraic formulation of kinematic problems based on a homogeneous transformation matrix provides further insight regarding the mechanisms containing zero-length links. The effectiveness of these improvements was verified by the analyses of the configurations of 3RPR mechanism and five-bar linkage.","PeriodicalId":211780,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5B: 43rd Mechanisms and Robotics Conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125058918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current vehicle energy absorbers have two defects during collision, such as only 70 % collapsed in its length and high initial peak load. It is because present energy absorbed column is the most primitive from the point of Origami structure. We developed the column so called Reversed Spiral Origami Structure; RSO which solves these 2 defects. However, for RSO, the manufacturing cost of hydroforming in the existing technology is too expensive to be applied in real vehicle structure. To address the problems, a new structure, named Reversed Torsion Origami Structure (RTO), has been developed, which can be manufactured at a low cost by using simple torsion. This structure is possible to replace conventional energy absorbers and it is expected to be widely used such as not only in automobile structures but also in building ones.
{"title":"Designing and Manufacturing a Super Excellent and Ultra-Cheap Energy Absorber by Origami Engineering","authors":"Xilu Zhao, I. Hagiwara","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97725","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Current vehicle energy absorbers have two defects during collision, such as only 70 % collapsed in its length and high initial peak load. It is because present energy absorbed column is the most primitive from the point of Origami structure. We developed the column so called Reversed Spiral Origami Structure; RSO which solves these 2 defects. However, for RSO, the manufacturing cost of hydroforming in the existing technology is too expensive to be applied in real vehicle structure. To address the problems, a new structure, named Reversed Torsion Origami Structure (RTO), has been developed, which can be manufactured at a low cost by using simple torsion. This structure is possible to replace conventional energy absorbers and it is expected to be widely used such as not only in automobile structures but also in building ones.","PeriodicalId":211780,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5B: 43rd Mechanisms and Robotics Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114285949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kendall Seymour, Jacob Sheffield, S. Magleby, L. Howell
Developable mechanisms conform to and emerge from developable, or specially curved, surfaces. The cylindrical developable mechanism can have applications in many industries due to the popularity of cylindrical or tube-based devices. Laparoscopic surgical devices in particular are widely composed of instruments attached at the proximal end of a cylindrical shaft. In this paper, properties of cylindrical developable mechanisms are discussed, including their behaviors, characteristics, and potential functions. One method for designing cylindrical developable mechanisms is discussed. Two example developable surgical devices that exemplify these behaviors, characteristics, and functions, along with the kinematic mechanisms comprising them, are discussed in detail.
{"title":"Cylindrical Developable Mechanisms for Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments","authors":"Kendall Seymour, Jacob Sheffield, S. Magleby, L. Howell","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97202","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Developable mechanisms conform to and emerge from developable, or specially curved, surfaces. The cylindrical developable mechanism can have applications in many industries due to the popularity of cylindrical or tube-based devices. Laparoscopic surgical devices in particular are widely composed of instruments attached at the proximal end of a cylindrical shaft. In this paper, properties of cylindrical developable mechanisms are discussed, including their behaviors, characteristics, and potential functions. One method for designing cylindrical developable mechanisms is discussed. Two example developable surgical devices that exemplify these behaviors, characteristics, and functions, along with the kinematic mechanisms comprising them, are discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":211780,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5B: 43rd Mechanisms and Robotics Conference","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124183451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the design of practical grasping tools such as forceps or grippers, it may be desirable to create a compact, lightweight, and easily manufactured tool. Origami inspired designs can help simplify gripper manufacturing to a single planar sheet of material while still allowing for deployment and actuation. Inflatable structures can reduce weight and be compacted. This paper explores the design of an inflatable, deployable, action origami inspired gripper through the development of a predictive model, prototype fabrication, and preliminary design assessments.
{"title":"Kinematic Modeling of Origami-Based Forcep Designs","authors":"D. Abulon, J. McCarthy","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-98214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98214","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the design of practical grasping tools such as forceps or grippers, it may be desirable to create a compact, lightweight, and easily manufactured tool. Origami inspired designs can help simplify gripper manufacturing to a single planar sheet of material while still allowing for deployment and actuation. Inflatable structures can reduce weight and be compacted. This paper explores the design of an inflatable, deployable, action origami inspired gripper through the development of a predictive model, prototype fabrication, and preliminary design assessments.","PeriodicalId":211780,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5B: 43rd Mechanisms and Robotics Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130185096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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