Pub Date : 2015-10-20DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572466
Marwan Awad, Osama Khair, H. Hamdoun
This paper presents an Energy Optimization Model (EOM) for Mobile Service Providers (MSP) that enables the optimization of power efficiency and the integration of optimum renewable and clean energy sources into the mobile network. The model approach drives both Operational Expenditure (OPEX) and Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) reduction via re-engineering power provisioning and site solutions. The features for the selection of Base Transceiver Station (BTS) type based on low power consumption are discussed within the context of establishing a direct impact on the site construction, power source type and dimensioning, and hence, the network cost structure. The K-mean clustering algorithm is used to cluster sites based on those features. HOMER® software was used to optimize the solution within each cluster of sites. This follows a multi-objective optimization function with power saving and CO2 emission as the dominant target factors and the cost, OPEX, Operation & Maintenance (O&M) as constraints. We focus on the lowest power optimization in this paper. Network energy optimization for between clusters (intra-cluster) is performed. Both Traffic and power profile data from Zain-Sudan MSP during the two month period from May-to-July 2013, is obtained and used as input to the EOM model. The optimum parameters for the set of solutions are then determined for deployment under budget & cost constraints. Renewable energy power generation profile for solar and wind from Laqawa site in the South-West of Sudan is used. Results indicate the effectiveness of the EOM model in finding optimum solutions per cluster of sites while facilitating for multi-objective optimization formulation across geographical regions and site types.
{"title":"An Energy Optimization Model (EOM) to reduce mobile service providers network costs: A multi-objective optimization approach","authors":"Marwan Awad, Osama Khair, H. Hamdoun","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572466","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an Energy Optimization Model (EOM) for Mobile Service Providers (MSP) that enables the optimization of power efficiency and the integration of optimum renewable and clean energy sources into the mobile network. The model approach drives both Operational Expenditure (OPEX) and Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) reduction via re-engineering power provisioning and site solutions. The features for the selection of Base Transceiver Station (BTS) type based on low power consumption are discussed within the context of establishing a direct impact on the site construction, power source type and dimensioning, and hence, the network cost structure. The K-mean clustering algorithm is used to cluster sites based on those features. HOMER® software was used to optimize the solution within each cluster of sites. This follows a multi-objective optimization function with power saving and CO2 emission as the dominant target factors and the cost, OPEX, Operation & Maintenance (O&M) as constraints. We focus on the lowest power optimization in this paper. Network energy optimization for between clusters (intra-cluster) is performed. Both Traffic and power profile data from Zain-Sudan MSP during the two month period from May-to-July 2013, is obtained and used as input to the EOM model. The optimum parameters for the set of solutions are then determined for deployment under budget & cost constraints. Renewable energy power generation profile for solar and wind from Laqawa site in the South-West of Sudan is used. Results indicate the effectiveness of the EOM model in finding optimum solutions per cluster of sites while facilitating for multi-objective optimization formulation across geographical regions and site types.","PeriodicalId":211948,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121775405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572352
Dongmyoung Joo, Byoung-Kuk Lee, Dongsik Kim, Jong-Soo Kim, Heejun Kim
This paper presents the analysis of problem as to when the GaN HEMT (Gallium nitride high electron mobility transistor) is applied to power conversion system. Compared to state-of-the-art super junction Si (Silicon) MOSFET (Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor), the FOM (Figure of merit) is much better because of heterojunction structure and wide band gap characteristics. However, designing the power conversion system with GaN HEMT is difficult due to its sensitive threshold voltage. The quite small parasitic capacitance makes it harder to design due to steep dv/dt and di/dt and design factor different from MOSFET as well. In this paper, the printed circuit board layout consideration is analyzed to realize effects of parasitic inductance of power and gate driver loop. In addition, the cause of the ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching) failure is mathematically analyzed as a result of mismatched deadtime. A 600 W phase shifted full bridge dc-dc converter is designed to evaluate effects of parasitic inductance and ZVS failure issues.
{"title":"Analysis of GaN HEMT-based phase shifted full bridge dc-dc converter","authors":"Dongmyoung Joo, Byoung-Kuk Lee, Dongsik Kim, Jong-Soo Kim, Heejun Kim","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572352","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the analysis of problem as to when the GaN HEMT (Gallium nitride high electron mobility transistor) is applied to power conversion system. Compared to state-of-the-art super junction Si (Silicon) MOSFET (Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor), the FOM (Figure of merit) is much better because of heterojunction structure and wide band gap characteristics. However, designing the power conversion system with GaN HEMT is difficult due to its sensitive threshold voltage. The quite small parasitic capacitance makes it harder to design due to steep dv/dt and di/dt and design factor different from MOSFET as well. In this paper, the printed circuit board layout consideration is analyzed to realize effects of parasitic inductance of power and gate driver loop. In addition, the cause of the ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching) failure is mathematically analyzed as a result of mismatched deadtime. A 600 W phase shifted full bridge dc-dc converter is designed to evaluate effects of parasitic inductance and ZVS failure issues.","PeriodicalId":211948,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124881211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572461
S. H. Chew, N. H. Ardiyanto, K. Tseng
With the technology roadmap of LED moving towards high efficacy low power LEDs, the current AC distribution system suffers from system inefficiency. An energy efficient ELVDC power distribution for LED lighting system is proposed. The different design considerations affecting the inherent higher voltage drop at ELVDC level are discussed in this paper. Simulations are presented in the context of a lighting system running through the stairwell of a high rise built environment and are extended to a LED lighting system of an office context environment. It has been presented that the use of an ELVDC power distributed LED lighting system is highly efficient when integrated together with DC energy sources.
{"title":"An extra low voltage DC (ELVDC) power distribution for LED lighting system","authors":"S. H. Chew, N. H. Ardiyanto, K. Tseng","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572461","url":null,"abstract":"With the technology roadmap of LED moving towards high efficacy low power LEDs, the current AC distribution system suffers from system inefficiency. An energy efficient ELVDC power distribution for LED lighting system is proposed. The different design considerations affecting the inherent higher voltage drop at ELVDC level are discussed in this paper. Simulations are presented in the context of a lighting system running through the stairwell of a high rise built environment and are extended to a LED lighting system of an office context environment. It has been presented that the use of an ELVDC power distributed LED lighting system is highly efficient when integrated together with DC energy sources.","PeriodicalId":211948,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125864646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572286
K. Matsui, Eiji Oishi, Y. Kawata, Mikio Yasubayashi, M. Umeno, H. Uchida, M. Hasegawa
Utility-interactive photovoltaic power generations have been accepted and spread widely. Various innovative power conditioning systems have been also studied. In domestic utilization, the actual application of such solar panels is almost installed on top of the roof of the detached house. However, some residents living in the apartment house are having fairly strong desire to contribute for energy saving due to natural energy generation. The generating power in such case is fairly reduced, so the system construction should balance the reduced power. Thus, it is necessary to improve the construction toward simple one. In this paper, in order to give a reply, simple and concise power conditioners, especially inverter systems are devised and examined. Considering fairly reduced generation power and narrow space of installation, the system constructions should be compact. The circuit which gratifies their wishes are presented and discussed.
{"title":"Pursuit of simple PCS for photovoltaic power generation — Optimum waveforms","authors":"K. Matsui, Eiji Oishi, Y. Kawata, Mikio Yasubayashi, M. Umeno, H. Uchida, M. Hasegawa","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572286","url":null,"abstract":"Utility-interactive photovoltaic power generations have been accepted and spread widely. Various innovative power conditioning systems have been also studied. In domestic utilization, the actual application of such solar panels is almost installed on top of the roof of the detached house. However, some residents living in the apartment house are having fairly strong desire to contribute for energy saving due to natural energy generation. The generating power in such case is fairly reduced, so the system construction should balance the reduced power. Thus, it is necessary to improve the construction toward simple one. In this paper, in order to give a reply, simple and concise power conditioners, especially inverter systems are devised and examined. Considering fairly reduced generation power and narrow space of installation, the system constructions should be compact. The circuit which gratifies their wishes are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":211948,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126169552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572330
Kosuke Sato, Toshiro Sato, M. Sonehara
This paper describes transient response improvement of digital PID and I-PD controlled synchronous rectification buck-type dc-dc converter using feedforward compensator. Numerical formulae of the feedforward compensator were introduced by taking into account the relational expression including input voltage, output voltage, load current and ON-time of high-side switch. The steady-state characteristics of the converter with feedforward compensator were the same as the converter without one. However, input and load transient response were significantly improved.
{"title":"Transient response improvement of digitally controlled buck-type dc-dc converter with feedforward compensator","authors":"Kosuke Sato, Toshiro Sato, M. Sonehara","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572330","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes transient response improvement of digital PID and I-PD controlled synchronous rectification buck-type dc-dc converter using feedforward compensator. Numerical formulae of the feedforward compensator were introduced by taking into account the relational expression including input voltage, output voltage, load current and ON-time of high-side switch. The steady-state characteristics of the converter with feedforward compensator were the same as the converter without one. However, input and load transient response were significantly improved.","PeriodicalId":211948,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126970370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572412
Chun Shang, Liangliang Liu, Mingming Liu, Shi Men
This paper introduces a highly-efficient two-stage DC-DC converter with wide input voltage. Based on the digital control technology, it uses two-stage DC-DC conversion. This paper describes the circuit topology, working principle and control method of the convert in detail. The converter consists of the former input circuit, intermediate conversion circuit, output rectifying circuit and feedback control circuit. Through the adaption of the former input circuit, the DC-DC converter avoids the drawback of unreasonable design of transformer turn ratio on the rated input voltage conditions, and then achieves the optimal efficiency of intermediate transformer in the case of rated input voltage. This highly efficient two stage converter control circuit is simple, reliable and easy to implement. In this paper, the working principle of the topology is described in detail, and it is verified by experiments that the topology can meet the requirements of high efficiency, high power density and wide input range of communication power supply modules.
{"title":"A highly-efficient two-stage DC-DC converter with wide input voltage","authors":"Chun Shang, Liangliang Liu, Mingming Liu, Shi Men","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572412","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a highly-efficient two-stage DC-DC converter with wide input voltage. Based on the digital control technology, it uses two-stage DC-DC conversion. This paper describes the circuit topology, working principle and control method of the convert in detail. The converter consists of the former input circuit, intermediate conversion circuit, output rectifying circuit and feedback control circuit. Through the adaption of the former input circuit, the DC-DC converter avoids the drawback of unreasonable design of transformer turn ratio on the rated input voltage conditions, and then achieves the optimal efficiency of intermediate transformer in the case of rated input voltage. This highly efficient two stage converter control circuit is simple, reliable and easy to implement. In this paper, the working principle of the topology is described in detail, and it is verified by experiments that the topology can meet the requirements of high efficiency, high power density and wide input range of communication power supply modules.","PeriodicalId":211948,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116540730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572480
I. Colak, R. Bayindir, Ahmet Aksoz, Eklas Hossain, Sabri Sayilgan
An electrical vehicle charging station is a charging power supply for electrical vehicles. This paper proposes design of a model for a PV based electrical vehicle that forecasts total power output under particular conditions of Ankara city. First PV cell parameters are determined and then PV array formed including cells designed in order to calculate cumulative effect. Using actual irradiation and temperature values we try to catch an approximation of output power for the future needs.
{"title":"Designing a competitive electric vehicle charging station with solar PV and storage","authors":"I. Colak, R. Bayindir, Ahmet Aksoz, Eklas Hossain, Sabri Sayilgan","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572480","url":null,"abstract":"An electrical vehicle charging station is a charging power supply for electrical vehicles. This paper proposes design of a model for a PV based electrical vehicle that forecasts total power output under particular conditions of Ankara city. First PV cell parameters are determined and then PV array formed including cells designed in order to calculate cumulative effect. Using actual irradiation and temperature values we try to catch an approximation of output power for the future needs.","PeriodicalId":211948,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122917745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572370
A. Ponniran, K. Orikawa, J. Itoh
The paper proposes a high boost ratio of modular Marx topology DC-DC boost converter (MTBC). In the proposed converter, the parallel-connection is applied at the input side and multi-stage connection is applied at the output side. Then, the conduction loss and the voltage rating of switching components can be reduced. Therefore, with the proposed circuit configuration, high efficiency of the high boost ratio DC-DC converter is achieved. The efficiency is measured under various input voltages. As a result, the achieved maximum efficiency of the prototype 3-stage MTBC is 95% when the output power is 500 W.
{"title":"Modular multi-stage Marx topology for high boost ratio DC/DC converter in HVDC","authors":"A. Ponniran, K. Orikawa, J. Itoh","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572370","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes a high boost ratio of modular Marx topology DC-DC boost converter (MTBC). In the proposed converter, the parallel-connection is applied at the input side and multi-stage connection is applied at the output side. Then, the conduction loss and the voltage rating of switching components can be reduced. Therefore, with the proposed circuit configuration, high efficiency of the high boost ratio DC-DC converter is achieved. The efficiency is measured under various input voltages. As a result, the achieved maximum efficiency of the prototype 3-stage MTBC is 95% when the output power is 500 W.","PeriodicalId":211948,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114573135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572428
E. B. Haghighi
The number of telecommunication base stations is increasing all over the world due to an ever increasing communication demand. As a result, energy savings play an important role in our future and sustainable network architecture. In a typical base station, electronics cooling normally accounts for 25-50% of the total energy consumption, traditionally provided by air conditioning systems. The service life of air conditioning systems can be considerably reduced by applying energy-efficient free cooling systems to the cooling setup. For an indoor temperature set point of 25 °C, free cooling can cover 16-93% of the total cooling demand depending on the location of the base stations. When adjusting to a higher indoor temperature set point, the savings will increase accordingly.
{"title":"The effect of free cooling on reducing total energy consumption for telecommunication base stations","authors":"E. B. Haghighi","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572428","url":null,"abstract":"The number of telecommunication base stations is increasing all over the world due to an ever increasing communication demand. As a result, energy savings play an important role in our future and sustainable network architecture. In a typical base station, electronics cooling normally accounts for 25-50% of the total energy consumption, traditionally provided by air conditioning systems. The service life of air conditioning systems can be considerably reduced by applying energy-efficient free cooling systems to the cooling setup. For an indoor temperature set point of 25 °C, free cooling can cover 16-93% of the total cooling demand depending on the location of the base stations. When adjusting to a higher indoor temperature set point, the savings will increase accordingly.","PeriodicalId":211948,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116808903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572336
Yang Xu, Changyuan Chang, Bin Bian, Yao Chen, Junjie Hu
A primary-side regulation AC-DC converter operating in PFM (Pulse frequency modulation) mode with highly accurate output current is designed, which employs a novel inductance compensation technique to improve the precision of output current, diminishing the bad impact of the big tolerance of the transformer primary inductance in the same batch. An improved method to detect the demagnetization time precisely is proposed for the inductance compensation module. In this paper, the output current is regulated by the OSC charging current, which is controlled by CC (constant current) controller. Meantime, for different primary inductors, the inductance compensation module adjusts the OSC charging current finely to improve the accuracy of output current. The operation principle and design of demagnetization time detector and CC controller with inductance compensation module are analyzed and illustrated herein. The control chip is implemented based on TSMC 0.35μm 5V/40V BCD process, and a 12V/1.1A prototype has been built to prove the proposed control method. The deviation of output current is within ±3% and the variation of output current is less than 1% when the inductance of primary windings vary by 10%.
{"title":"A high-precision constant current primary side controller with inductance compensation","authors":"Yang Xu, Changyuan Chang, Bin Bian, Yao Chen, Junjie Hu","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572336","url":null,"abstract":"A primary-side regulation AC-DC converter operating in PFM (Pulse frequency modulation) mode with highly accurate output current is designed, which employs a novel inductance compensation technique to improve the precision of output current, diminishing the bad impact of the big tolerance of the transformer primary inductance in the same batch. An improved method to detect the demagnetization time precisely is proposed for the inductance compensation module. In this paper, the output current is regulated by the OSC charging current, which is controlled by CC (constant current) controller. Meantime, for different primary inductors, the inductance compensation module adjusts the OSC charging current finely to improve the accuracy of output current. The operation principle and design of demagnetization time detector and CC controller with inductance compensation module are analyzed and illustrated herein. The control chip is implemented based on TSMC 0.35μm 5V/40V BCD process, and a 12V/1.1A prototype has been built to prove the proposed control method. The deviation of output current is within ±3% and the variation of output current is less than 1% when the inductance of primary windings vary by 10%.","PeriodicalId":211948,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128544657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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