{"title":"List of Abbreviations","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv177tk45.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv177tk45.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212303,"journal":{"name":"Legions of Pigs in the Early Medieval West","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134463227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter demonstrates how farmers were thinking systemically, in similar and even complementary ways to the expansive analyzing of early medieval philosophers. The wealth of bioarchaeological data that have become available in recent decades makes it possible to see how early medieval communities were entangled in their environments — and how they integrated pig husbandry into these worlds. Early medieval farms and their ecologies were diverse, entangled, and constantly changing. And the flexibility of pigs’ own bodies and minds made them an asset as humans worked to exploit and accommodate different landscapes.
{"title":"Salvaged Lands","authors":"Jamie Kreiner","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv177tk45.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv177tk45.8","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter demonstrates how farmers were thinking systemically, in similar and even complementary ways to the expansive analyzing of early medieval philosophers. The wealth of bioarchaeological data that have become available in recent decades makes it possible to see how early medieval communities were entangled in their environments — and how they integrated pig husbandry into these worlds. Early medieval farms and their ecologies were diverse, entangled, and constantly changing. And the flexibility of pigs’ own bodies and minds made them an asset as humans worked to exploit and accommodate different landscapes.","PeriodicalId":212303,"journal":{"name":"Legions of Pigs in the Early Medieval West","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116737156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter shows how early medieval communities bent their social and legal arrangements in order to accommodate these tricky animals. It also probes the limits of thinking about “the pig” as a stable species, because early medieval and modern commentators alike have noticed the hazards of generalizing: pigs had individual characteristics and abilities, they could learn new things, and they could change.
{"title":"A Singular and Plural Beast","authors":"Jamie Kreiner","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv177tk45.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv177tk45.6","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter shows how early medieval communities bent their social and legal arrangements in order to accommodate these tricky animals. It also probes the limits of thinking about “the pig” as a stable species, because early medieval and modern commentators alike have noticed the hazards of generalizing: pigs had individual characteristics and abilities, they could learn new things, and they could change.","PeriodicalId":212303,"journal":{"name":"Legions of Pigs in the Early Medieval West","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131572748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epilogue","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv177tk45.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv177tk45.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212303,"journal":{"name":"Legions of Pigs in the Early Medieval West","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131876606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter demonstrates that the details about different animals also mattered because the post-imperial West was a largely Christian culture that viewed the complexity of the physical world as a kind of key to the logic of God’s creation. The more attentive a person was to the particular features of a certain animal, plant, wind pattern, or planetary cycle, the more that the structure of the cosmic system as a whole would come into focus. Even pigs could speak to hidden secrets about this divine structure.
{"title":"From the Mud to the Cosmos","authors":"Jamie Kreiner","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv177tk45.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv177tk45.7","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter demonstrates that the details about different animals also mattered because the post-imperial West was a largely Christian culture that viewed the complexity of the physical world as a kind of key to the logic of God’s creation. The more attentive a person was to the particular features of a certain animal, plant, wind pattern, or planetary cycle, the more that the structure of the cosmic system as a whole would come into focus. Even pigs could speak to hidden secrets about this divine structure.","PeriodicalId":212303,"journal":{"name":"Legions of Pigs in the Early Medieval West","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128355030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-27DOI: 10.12987/yale/9780300246292.003.0007
Jamie Kreiner
This epilogue briefly surveys the agricultural and cultural life of pigs after the early Middle Ages. Familiar patterns took new forms: in the high Middle Ages, the closeness of humans and pigs was explored in new medical and legal procedures. Pigs became salvaging accessories to a new class of coercive elites in the New World. And the Christianization of the pig was intensified, both to deepen Christians’ engagement with theologies of the flesh and to sharpen their anti-Semitism. But an in-depth history of pigs and ecologies after the first millennium still needs investigation.
{"title":"Epilogue","authors":"Jamie Kreiner","doi":"10.12987/yale/9780300246292.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300246292.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This epilogue briefly surveys the agricultural and cultural life of pigs after the early Middle Ages. Familiar patterns took new forms: in the high Middle Ages, the closeness of humans and pigs was explored in new medical and legal procedures. Pigs became salvaging accessories to a new class of coercive elites in the New World. And the Christianization of the pig was intensified, both to deepen Christians’ engagement with theologies of the flesh and to sharpen their anti-Semitism. But an in-depth history of pigs and ecologies after the first millennium still needs investigation.","PeriodicalId":212303,"journal":{"name":"Legions of Pigs in the Early Medieval West","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127684381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maps","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv177tk45.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv177tk45.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212303,"journal":{"name":"Legions of Pigs in the Early Medieval West","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126390892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Religious identity enters the pig’s history later than we’d expect. Although today the dietary avoidance of pork is a conspicuous feature of Judaism and Islam, in antiquity and for a good stretch of the early Middle Ages it was not a prominent symbol of religious difference. But over time, pigs became increasingly “Christianized,” in the sense that Christians used them as metaphors for elucidating complex facets of their culture, as well as to antagonize non-Christians.
{"title":"The Christianization of the Pig","authors":"Jamie Kreiner","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv177tk45.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv177tk45.11","url":null,"abstract":"Religious identity enters the pig’s history later than we’d expect. Although today the dietary avoidance of pork is a conspicuous feature of Judaism and Islam, in antiquity and for a good stretch of the early Middle Ages it was not a prominent symbol of religious difference. But over time, pigs became increasingly “Christianized,” in the sense that Christians used them as metaphors for elucidating complex facets of their culture, as well as to antagonize non-Christians.","PeriodicalId":212303,"journal":{"name":"Legions of Pigs in the Early Medieval West","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114099730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Index of Manuscripts","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv177tk45.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv177tk45.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212303,"journal":{"name":"Legions of Pigs in the Early Medieval West","volume":"91 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131557967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-27DOI: 10.12987/yale/9780300246292.003.0005
Jamie Kreiner
Humans obviously affected pigs’ lives in the course of raising, trading, and eating them. But pigs transformed the experiences that individual people had, and they shaped entire communities’ identities as well. This chapter focuses on a set of groups who were especially affected and even defined by pigs: swineherds, soldiers, states, and pork eaters — elites especially.
{"title":"Partnerships","authors":"Jamie Kreiner","doi":"10.12987/yale/9780300246292.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300246292.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Humans obviously affected pigs’ lives in the course of raising, trading, and eating them. But pigs transformed the experiences that individual people had, and they shaped entire communities’ identities as well. This chapter focuses on a set of groups who were especially affected and even defined by pigs: swineherds, soldiers, states, and pork eaters — elites especially.","PeriodicalId":212303,"journal":{"name":"Legions of Pigs in the Early Medieval West","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126546145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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