Pub Date : 2016-04-11DOI: 10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503697
E. Jantunen, Urko Zurutuza, L. Ferreira, P. Varga
The need for maintenance is based on the wear of components of machinery. If this need can be defined reliably beforehand so that no unpredicted failures take place then the maintenance actions can be carried out economically with minimum disturbance to production. There are two basic challenges in solving the above. First understanding the development of wear and failures, and second managing the measurement and diagnosis of such parameters that can reveal the development of wear. In principle the development of wear and failures can be predicted through monitoring time, load or wear as such. Monitoring time is not very efficient, as there are only limited numbers of components that suffer from aging which as such is result of chemical wear i.e. changes in the material. In most cases the loading of components influences their wear. In principle the loading can be stable or varying in nature. Of these two cases the varying load case is much more challenging than the stable one. The monitoring of wear can be done either directly e.g. optical methods or indirectly e.g. vibration. Monitoring actual wear is naturally the most reliable approach, but it often means that additional investments are needed. The paper discusses the above issues and what are the requirements that follow from these for optimising maintenance based of the use of Cyber Physical Systems.
{"title":"Optimising maintenance: What are the expectations for Cyber Physical Systems","authors":"E. Jantunen, Urko Zurutuza, L. Ferreira, P. Varga","doi":"10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503697","url":null,"abstract":"The need for maintenance is based on the wear of components of machinery. If this need can be defined reliably beforehand so that no unpredicted failures take place then the maintenance actions can be carried out economically with minimum disturbance to production. There are two basic challenges in solving the above. First understanding the development of wear and failures, and second managing the measurement and diagnosis of such parameters that can reveal the development of wear. In principle the development of wear and failures can be predicted through monitoring time, load or wear as such. Monitoring time is not very efficient, as there are only limited numbers of components that suffer from aging which as such is result of chemical wear i.e. changes in the material. In most cases the loading of components influences their wear. In principle the loading can be stable or varying in nature. Of these two cases the varying load case is much more challenging than the stable one. The monitoring of wear can be done either directly e.g. optical methods or indirectly e.g. vibration. Monitoring actual wear is naturally the most reliable approach, but it often means that additional investments are needed. The paper discusses the above issues and what are the requirements that follow from these for optimising maintenance based of the use of Cyber Physical Systems.","PeriodicalId":212363,"journal":{"name":"2016 3rd International Workshop on Emerging Ideas and Trends in Engineering of Cyber-Physical Systems (EITEC)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116613886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-11DOI: 10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503691
H. Schlingloff, Henry Stubert, W. Jamroga
A collaborative embedded systems (CES) is an intelligent agent in a cyber-physical system which cooperates with others by negotiation to fulfill a common task. In this paper, we consider autonomous transport robots as CES. These robots are used in production environments like factories and storage halls to realize the flow of materials within the production process. We describe the software hierarchy of the agents with self-localization, route planning and job scheduling. Then we discuss implementation strategies and possible benefits of a collaborative approach. Finally, we report on our modeling of the system for simulation and verification.
{"title":"Collaborative embedded systems - a case study","authors":"H. Schlingloff, Henry Stubert, W. Jamroga","doi":"10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503691","url":null,"abstract":"A collaborative embedded systems (CES) is an intelligent agent in a cyber-physical system which cooperates with others by negotiation to fulfill a common task. In this paper, we consider autonomous transport robots as CES. These robots are used in production environments like factories and storage halls to realize the flow of materials within the production process. We describe the software hierarchy of the agents with self-localization, route planning and job scheduling. Then we discuss implementation strategies and possible benefits of a collaborative approach. Finally, we report on our modeling of the system for simulation and verification.","PeriodicalId":212363,"journal":{"name":"2016 3rd International Workshop on Emerging Ideas and Trends in Engineering of Cyber-Physical Systems (EITEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129207013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-11DOI: 10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503690
Tommy Chin, Kaiqi Xiong
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are critical assets to public utility and manufacturing organizations. These systems, although critical, are prone to numerous cyber security related threats and attacks. To combat such challenges, we propose a Dynamic Generated Containment System (DGCS), a moving target defense model as a method of threat evasion. Under the proposed approach, we employ the use of intrusion detection systems (IDS) in conjunction with virtualization solution-Docker. The proposed approach provides an individual Docker container for each threat detected by our IDS. We conduct several experiments using high performance computing systems to measure and demonstrate our proposed approach.
{"title":"Dynamic generation containment systems (DGCS): A Moving Target Defense approach","authors":"Tommy Chin, Kaiqi Xiong","doi":"10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503690","url":null,"abstract":"Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are critical assets to public utility and manufacturing organizations. These systems, although critical, are prone to numerous cyber security related threats and attacks. To combat such challenges, we propose a Dynamic Generated Containment System (DGCS), a moving target defense model as a method of threat evasion. Under the proposed approach, we employ the use of intrusion detection systems (IDS) in conjunction with virtualization solution-Docker. The proposed approach provides an individual Docker container for each threat detected by our IDS. We conduct several experiments using high performance computing systems to measure and demonstrate our proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":212363,"journal":{"name":"2016 3rd International Workshop on Emerging Ideas and Trends in Engineering of Cyber-Physical Systems (EITEC)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134640564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-11DOI: 10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503694
Johann Buchner, Marian Daun
In the engineering of cyber-physical systems the engineering process typically focuses on single systems and not on the entire system network. Within the system network the different specification artifacts (in consequence also the implemented systems) for the various cyber-physical systems evolve independently even though they highly interact with each other. As a result, inconsistencies between the different specification artifacts can emerge. An inconsistency implies that at least one artifact is incorrect. Following, specification inconsistencies among single cyber-physical systems within an entire system network endanger correct functioning of the network. Hence, it is of importance to identify all existing inconsistencies and to correct the corresponding artifacts. Therefore, this paper suggests a solution concept for supporting the identification and repair of inconsistencies in interaction-based specification artifacts. The approach relies (i) on the automated detection of inconsistencies among overlapping specification artifacts of different systems participating in the same cyber-physical network, and (ii) on the automated proposal of valid solution options to aid the engineers in decision making w.r.t. resolving the inconsistencies. In this paper, we apply the solution idea to ITU message sequence charts as a typical notation format for interaction-based behavioral specification artifacts of cyber-physical systems.
{"title":"Automated inconsistency detection and solution proposals in cyber-physical system networks","authors":"Johann Buchner, Marian Daun","doi":"10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503694","url":null,"abstract":"In the engineering of cyber-physical systems the engineering process typically focuses on single systems and not on the entire system network. Within the system network the different specification artifacts (in consequence also the implemented systems) for the various cyber-physical systems evolve independently even though they highly interact with each other. As a result, inconsistencies between the different specification artifacts can emerge. An inconsistency implies that at least one artifact is incorrect. Following, specification inconsistencies among single cyber-physical systems within an entire system network endanger correct functioning of the network. Hence, it is of importance to identify all existing inconsistencies and to correct the corresponding artifacts. Therefore, this paper suggests a solution concept for supporting the identification and repair of inconsistencies in interaction-based specification artifacts. The approach relies (i) on the automated detection of inconsistencies among overlapping specification artifacts of different systems participating in the same cyber-physical network, and (ii) on the automated proposal of valid solution options to aid the engineers in decision making w.r.t. resolving the inconsistencies. In this paper, we apply the solution idea to ITU message sequence charts as a typical notation format for interaction-based behavioral specification artifacts of cyber-physical systems.","PeriodicalId":212363,"journal":{"name":"2016 3rd International Workshop on Emerging Ideas and Trends in Engineering of Cyber-Physical Systems (EITEC)","volume":"181 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131157998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-11DOI: 10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503689
Marian Daun, Jennifer Brings, Thorsten Weyer, B. Tenbergen
Cyber-physical systems are not developed as standalone systems, but in conjunction with other systems and are subsequently aggregated to some super system (i.e. a car or an airplane). Hence, cyber-physical systems share parts of their context with one another and depend on their mutual functionality. Moreover, in industrial practice, these systems are typically developed concurrently by different development teams, either within one original equipment manufacturer or by different suppliers. For these reasons, it is a challenging task to keep the different contexts of multiple cyber-physical systems consistent with one other and consistent with the super system's specifications. To aid the concurrent development of multiple cyber-physical systems, this paper suggests an ontology-centric approach to define and analyze the systems' respective contexts. The ontological context framework provides a foundation for automated consistency checking and model creation.
{"title":"Fostering concurrent engineering of cyber-physical systems a proposal for an ontological context framework","authors":"Marian Daun, Jennifer Brings, Thorsten Weyer, B. Tenbergen","doi":"10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503689","url":null,"abstract":"Cyber-physical systems are not developed as standalone systems, but in conjunction with other systems and are subsequently aggregated to some super system (i.e. a car or an airplane). Hence, cyber-physical systems share parts of their context with one another and depend on their mutual functionality. Moreover, in industrial practice, these systems are typically developed concurrently by different development teams, either within one original equipment manufacturer or by different suppliers. For these reasons, it is a challenging task to keep the different contexts of multiple cyber-physical systems consistent with one other and consistent with the super system's specifications. To aid the concurrent development of multiple cyber-physical systems, this paper suggests an ontology-centric approach to define and analyze the systems' respective contexts. The ontological context framework provides a foundation for automated consistency checking and model creation.","PeriodicalId":212363,"journal":{"name":"2016 3rd International Workshop on Emerging Ideas and Trends in Engineering of Cyber-Physical Systems (EITEC)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114981290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-11DOI: 10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503693
Dominik Ruchardt, C. Brauchle
The rise of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) brings a new level of complexity into the world of software and systems development and operations. Dynamic dependencies and changes throughout the product lifecycle necessarily impact system performance. At the same time, these new, highly automated systems require exceptional reliability and usability. From a software vendor's view, experiences with enterprise systems can be extrapolated and transformed into a new model of system operations, where product and service merge to form one common business model. A software vendor must overcome the challenge of ensuring sustainability in a rapidly changing technical environment. The paper shows how this and other challenges can be addressed from a vendor's view. It explores how a product portfolio for connected systems can be designed, which capabilities need to be covered, and how systems should be delimited to guarantee robustness and flexibility. Finally it describes the demand for new public architecture concepts that should be covered by academic research.
{"title":"A large software vendor's view on Cyber Physical Systems","authors":"Dominik Ruchardt, C. Brauchle","doi":"10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503693","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) brings a new level of complexity into the world of software and systems development and operations. Dynamic dependencies and changes throughout the product lifecycle necessarily impact system performance. At the same time, these new, highly automated systems require exceptional reliability and usability. From a software vendor's view, experiences with enterprise systems can be extrapolated and transformed into a new model of system operations, where product and service merge to form one common business model. A software vendor must overcome the challenge of ensuring sustainability in a rapidly changing technical environment. The paper shows how this and other challenges can be addressed from a vendor's view. It explores how a product portfolio for connected systems can be designed, which capabilities need to be covered, and how systems should be delimited to guarantee robustness and flexibility. Finally it describes the demand for new public architecture concepts that should be covered by academic research.","PeriodicalId":212363,"journal":{"name":"2016 3rd International Workshop on Emerging Ideas and Trends in Engineering of Cyber-Physical Systems (EITEC)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124723427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-11DOI: 10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503695
Martin E. Jobst, C. Prehofer
New connected infotainment features and advanced driver assistance systems pose considerable challenges for the software architectures of future vehicles. As a result of the growing complexity, there are emerging needs from both suppliers and integrators for improved reuse and reconfiguration at design time. Furthermore, there is also increasing pressure from customers for an improved driving experience focusing on connected mobility and cloud technologies. This subsequently results in new challenges regarding security and adaptability, as well as reconfiguration at run time. These trends require a careful review of current automotive architectures and development methodologies. Hierarchical architectures are a widely-used and proven concept in software engineering to enable improved reuse and flexibility. In order to deal with the present issues, we argue for a novel hierarchical information architecture, which seamlessly integrates inter-car and cloud aspects at its core. In this paper, we elaborate on the research challenges and open issues of hierarchical architectures in an automotive context. We present key concepts and discuss major research topics with respect to automotive applications, but also cyber-physical systems in general.
{"title":"Towards hierarchical information architectures in automotive systems","authors":"Martin E. Jobst, C. Prehofer","doi":"10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503695","url":null,"abstract":"New connected infotainment features and advanced driver assistance systems pose considerable challenges for the software architectures of future vehicles. As a result of the growing complexity, there are emerging needs from both suppliers and integrators for improved reuse and reconfiguration at design time. Furthermore, there is also increasing pressure from customers for an improved driving experience focusing on connected mobility and cloud technologies. This subsequently results in new challenges regarding security and adaptability, as well as reconfiguration at run time. These trends require a careful review of current automotive architectures and development methodologies. Hierarchical architectures are a widely-used and proven concept in software engineering to enable improved reuse and flexibility. In order to deal with the present issues, we argue for a novel hierarchical information architecture, which seamlessly integrates inter-car and cloud aspects at its core. In this paper, we elaborate on the research challenges and open issues of hierarchical architectures in an automotive context. We present key concepts and discuss major research topics with respect to automotive applications, but also cyber-physical systems in general.","PeriodicalId":212363,"journal":{"name":"2016 3rd International Workshop on Emerging Ideas and Trends in Engineering of Cyber-Physical Systems (EITEC)","volume":"166 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114415839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503692
C. Prehofer, Oliver Horst, R. Dodi, A. Geven, Georgios Kornaros, E. Montanari, Michele Paolino
For many cyber-physical systems, there is a strong trend towards open systems, which can be extended during operation by instantly adding functionalities on demand. We discuss this trend in the context of automotive and medical systems. The goal of this paper is to elaborate the research challenges of new platforms for such open systems. A main problem is that such CPS apps shall be able to access and modify safety critical device internals. We present results of the TAPPS (Trusted Apps for open CPS) project, which develops an end-to-end solution for development and deployment of trusted apps. The main approach is to devise different execution environments for highly-trusted CPS apps. We present the architecture approach and its key components, and methods for CPS apps, including tool chain and development support.
{"title":"Towards Trusted Apps platforms for open CPS","authors":"C. Prehofer, Oliver Horst, R. Dodi, A. Geven, Georgios Kornaros, E. Montanari, Michele Paolino","doi":"10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503692","url":null,"abstract":"For many cyber-physical systems, there is a strong trend towards open systems, which can be extended during operation by instantly adding functionalities on demand. We discuss this trend in the context of automotive and medical systems. The goal of this paper is to elaborate the research challenges of new platforms for such open systems. A main problem is that such CPS apps shall be able to access and modify safety critical device internals. We present results of the TAPPS (Trusted Apps for open CPS) project, which develops an end-to-end solution for development and deployment of trusted apps. The main approach is to devise different execution environments for highly-trusted CPS apps. We present the architecture approach and its key components, and methods for CPS apps, including tool chain and development support.","PeriodicalId":212363,"journal":{"name":"2016 3rd International Workshop on Emerging Ideas and Trends in Engineering of Cyber-Physical Systems (EITEC)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126288480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503696
Robert Hellebrand, M. Schulze, Martin Becker
The use of cyber-physical systems (CPS) for different tasks and in multiple environments where different laws and standards need to be adhered to often leads to development of multiple product variants. In the domain of embedded systems, product line engineering (PLE) is an established approach to manage variability that can be used to efficiently develop and maintain those variants. At the same time CPS are known for their iterative evolution process. While software configuration management (SCM) offers solutions to manage software evolution, it has to be adapted for the use in combination with PLE. One important part of SCM that needs to be adapted to PLE is version control. This paper presents a branching model that covers use cases that version control has to support in a PLE context.
{"title":"A branching model for variability-affected cyber-physical systems","authors":"Robert Hellebrand, M. Schulze, Martin Becker","doi":"10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EITEC.2016.7503696","url":null,"abstract":"The use of cyber-physical systems (CPS) for different tasks and in multiple environments where different laws and standards need to be adhered to often leads to development of multiple product variants. In the domain of embedded systems, product line engineering (PLE) is an established approach to manage variability that can be used to efficiently develop and maintain those variants. At the same time CPS are known for their iterative evolution process. While software configuration management (SCM) offers solutions to manage software evolution, it has to be adapted for the use in combination with PLE. One important part of SCM that needs to be adapted to PLE is version control. This paper presents a branching model that covers use cases that version control has to support in a PLE context.","PeriodicalId":212363,"journal":{"name":"2016 3rd International Workshop on Emerging Ideas and Trends in Engineering of Cyber-Physical Systems (EITEC)","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133613848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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