Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1515/9781501759338-fm
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9781501759338-fm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501759338-fm","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212439,"journal":{"name":"Empire of the Air","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131270959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1515/9781501759338-008
{"title":"6. Releasing the Art: The Creation of RCA","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9781501759338-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501759338-008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212439,"journal":{"name":"Empire of the Air","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131295098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501759321.003.0014
T. Lewis
This chapter recalls the contributions and inventions of Lee de Forest, Edwin Howard Armstrong, and David Sarnoff. It first looks at Armstrong's legacies, financial settlements, and equipment which possessed significant historic value. The chapter then explores how Armstrong's wife, Marion, spent the next quarter century redressing the wrongs her husband had suffered, and ensuring that he received the recognition after death that had eluded him in life. The chapter also discusses the life of Lee de Forest at the end of the war — enjoying relatively good health and a joyful marriage. It explicates the publication of his autobiography, on which he had been working for many years — Father of Radio. Father of Radio proved to be pure de Forest, his attempt to record his life as he saw it, embellished with his own recollections. It recorded de Forest's success and failures as only he could see them. The chapter narrates David Sarnoff's personal triumph and personal failure in the last two decades of his life. It also investigates how he masked those failures through self-aggrandizement on a grand scale.
{"title":"Victories Great and Small","authors":"T. Lewis","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501759321.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501759321.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter recalls the contributions and inventions of Lee de Forest, Edwin Howard Armstrong, and David Sarnoff. It first looks at Armstrong's legacies, financial settlements, and equipment which possessed significant historic value. The chapter then explores how Armstrong's wife, Marion, spent the next quarter century redressing the wrongs her husband had suffered, and ensuring that he received the recognition after death that had eluded him in life. The chapter also discusses the life of Lee de Forest at the end of the war — enjoying relatively good health and a joyful marriage. It explicates the publication of his autobiography, on which he had been working for many years — Father of Radio. Father of Radio proved to be pure de Forest, his attempt to record his life as he saw it, embellished with his own recollections. It recorded de Forest's success and failures as only he could see them. The chapter narrates David Sarnoff's personal triumph and personal failure in the last two decades of his life. It also investigates how he masked those failures through self-aggrandizement on a grand scale.","PeriodicalId":212439,"journal":{"name":"Empire of the Air","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132908038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501759321.003.0010
T. Lewis
This chapter highlights the impressive statistics of the Radio Corporation of America Building at 30 Rockefeller Center. It argues that the Rockefeller Center physically embodied everything that was important about American business. The chapter then shifts to discuss the charges being faced by the RCA with violation of the federal antitrust laws. The suit originated in the depressed economic conditions of 1930 and the increasing influence and authority RCA exercised over radio development and broadcasting. It then explores the nature of broadcasting and how broadcasters were emphasizing a lighter fare of comedy, variety, and popular music. The chapter looks at how the minority induced sympathetic congressmen to propose legislation that would force the Federal Radio Commission to license stations with more power and more favorable places on the broadcasting spectrum. It also examines de Forest's efforts to change broadcasting.
{"title":"The Godlike Presence","authors":"T. Lewis","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501759321.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501759321.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter highlights the impressive statistics of the Radio Corporation of America Building at 30 Rockefeller Center. It argues that the Rockefeller Center physically embodied everything that was important about American business. The chapter then shifts to discuss the charges being faced by the RCA with violation of the federal antitrust laws. The suit originated in the depressed economic conditions of 1930 and the increasing influence and authority RCA exercised over radio development and broadcasting. It then explores the nature of broadcasting and how broadcasters were emphasizing a lighter fare of comedy, variety, and popular music. The chapter looks at how the minority induced sympathetic congressmen to propose legislation that would force the Federal Radio Commission to license stations with more power and more favorable places on the broadcasting spectrum. It also examines de Forest's efforts to change broadcasting.","PeriodicalId":212439,"journal":{"name":"Empire of the Air","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121460780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1515/9781501759338-016
{"title":"Epilogue: The Empire in Decline","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9781501759338-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501759338-016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212439,"journal":{"name":"Empire of the Air","volume":"135 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131171927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501759321.003.0002
T. Lewis
This chapter unfolds the education, family, and early life of Lee de Forest. It emphasizes that de Forest spent the first six years of his life in Congregationalist parsonages in the stern presence of his father and what he remembered as the “sainted presence” of his mother. The chapter also discusses the most important element of de Forest's informal education: his own reading. Lee de Forest, relying on his imagination, powers of close observation, and ingenuity, was beginning to build and invent. With wood gathered from the cellar of his house, he created scale replicas of a locomotive engine, a blast. As he grew older, de Forest increasingly turned from mechanical imitation to invention. The chapter recounts de Forest's final spring in Talladega College, as he prepared to leave for Yale College. It also narrates the arguments he had with his father, Henry Swift De Forest, about education.
这一章展现了李·德·福里斯特的教育、家庭和早年生活。书中强调，德·福里斯特人生的前六年是在公教牧师的住所里度过的，他的父亲严厉地管教着他，而他所记得的母亲则是“圣洁的存在”。本章还讨论了德·福里斯特非正式教育中最重要的因素:他自己的阅读。李·德·福里斯特依靠他的想象力、近距离观察的能力和独创性，开始建造和发明。他用从他家地下室里收集来的木头，制作了一个火车头的比例复制品，一个爆炸装置。随着年龄的增长，德·福里斯特逐渐从机械模仿转向发明创造。这一章讲述了德·福里斯特在塔拉迪加学院的最后一个春天，当时他准备去耶鲁大学。书中还叙述了他与父亲亨利·斯威夫特·德·福里斯特(Henry Swift De Forest)在教育问题上的争论。
{"title":"The Faith in the Future","authors":"T. Lewis","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501759321.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501759321.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter unfolds the education, family, and early life of Lee de Forest. It emphasizes that de Forest spent the first six years of his life in Congregationalist parsonages in the stern presence of his father and what he remembered as the “sainted presence” of his mother. The chapter also discusses the most important element of de Forest's informal education: his own reading. Lee de Forest, relying on his imagination, powers of close observation, and ingenuity, was beginning to build and invent. With wood gathered from the cellar of his house, he created scale replicas of a locomotive engine, a blast. As he grew older, de Forest increasingly turned from mechanical imitation to invention. The chapter recounts de Forest's final spring in Talladega College, as he prepared to leave for Yale College. It also narrates the arguments he had with his father, Henry Swift De Forest, about education.","PeriodicalId":212439,"journal":{"name":"Empire of the Air","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131219123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1515/9781501759338-020
{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9781501759338-020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501759338-020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212439,"journal":{"name":"Empire of the Air","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117047364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501759321.003.0008
T. Lewis
This chapter unfolds how the radio and broadcasting became a fully fledged craze by 1923 — noting that this popularity was due to Edwin H. Armstrong's inventions. It describes all kinds of other shows to listen to in US cities and analyzes how it seemed that everyone had gone into broadcasting: newspapers, banks, public utilities, department stores, universities and colleges, cities and towns, pharmacies, creameries, and hospitals, among others. The chapter also discusses the money Armstrong gained from Westinghouse and his own licensing enterprise, as well as his other invention — superregeneration. While his other discoveries were the products of intense thought followed by startling revelation, superregeneration happened entirely by chance. The chapter investigates Lee de Forest's next invention, sound motion pictures, which he named “Phonofilm.” It also reviews one of David Sarnoff's triumphs in the 1920s — the creation of the National Broadcasting Company.
{"title":"Snapshots From the First Age of Broadcasting","authors":"T. Lewis","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501759321.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501759321.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter unfolds how the radio and broadcasting became a fully fledged craze by 1923 — noting that this popularity was due to Edwin H. Armstrong's inventions. It describes all kinds of other shows to listen to in US cities and analyzes how it seemed that everyone had gone into broadcasting: newspapers, banks, public utilities, department stores, universities and colleges, cities and towns, pharmacies, creameries, and hospitals, among others. The chapter also discusses the money Armstrong gained from Westinghouse and his own licensing enterprise, as well as his other invention — superregeneration. While his other discoveries were the products of intense thought followed by startling revelation, superregeneration happened entirely by chance. The chapter investigates Lee de Forest's next invention, sound motion pictures, which he named “Phonofilm.” It also reviews one of David Sarnoff's triumphs in the 1920s — the creation of the National Broadcasting Company.","PeriodicalId":212439,"journal":{"name":"Empire of the Air","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126679865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501759321.003.0003
T. Lewis
This chapter chronicles Guglielmo Marconi's life and inventions. It examines how Marconi worked without respite on an idea he had to send telegraph messages through the ether. Guglielmo Marconi was the son of a wealthy Italian businessman, who lived the life of a country gentleman, and of an Anglo-Irish mother, whose family was the Jameson distillers of Belfast. The chapter first looks at how he improved Heinrich Hertz's spark transmitter and loop aerial receiver. It examines the most remarkable change Marconi made in Hertz's apparatus which came from a chance discovery rather than an adaptation or improvement of existing equipment. The chapter then shifts to discuss the race to control wireless communications. Marconi was, as the chapter argues, the first entrant — and thereby the first leader — in what had become a race. It ultimately explicates Lee de Forest's telephone work, his marriage to Lucille Sheardown, and his encounter with Abraham White.
{"title":"The Will to Succeed","authors":"T. Lewis","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501759321.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501759321.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter chronicles Guglielmo Marconi's life and inventions. It examines how Marconi worked without respite on an idea he had to send telegraph messages through the ether. Guglielmo Marconi was the son of a wealthy Italian businessman, who lived the life of a country gentleman, and of an Anglo-Irish mother, whose family was the Jameson distillers of Belfast. The chapter first looks at how he improved Heinrich Hertz's spark transmitter and loop aerial receiver. It examines the most remarkable change Marconi made in Hertz's apparatus which came from a chance discovery rather than an adaptation or improvement of existing equipment. The chapter then shifts to discuss the race to control wireless communications. Marconi was, as the chapter argues, the first entrant — and thereby the first leader — in what had become a race. It ultimately explicates Lee de Forest's telephone work, his marriage to Lucille Sheardown, and his encounter with Abraham White.","PeriodicalId":212439,"journal":{"name":"Empire of the Air","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124125448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1515/9781501759338-006
{"title":"4. Sarnoff and Marconi: Inventing a Legend","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9781501759338-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501759338-006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212439,"journal":{"name":"Empire of the Air","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128809358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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