Pub Date : 2015-04-13DOI: 10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115406
B. Kelley, P. Top, Steven G. Smith, C. Woodward, L. Min
This paper introduces a federated simulation toolkit (FSKIT) that couples continuous time and discrete event simula- tions (DES) to perform the co-simulation of electric power grids and communication networks. A High Performance Computing (HPC) oriented power system dynamic simulator, GridDyn, was used for the electric power grid simulation. GridDyn is coupled to the open-source network simulator, ns-3, through FSKIT. FSKIT provides time control for advancing the state of federated simulators, and facilitates communication among objects in the federate. A wide-area communication-based electric transmission protection scheme is simulated with FSKIT, using the IEEE 39- bus test system. A communication network for the 39-bus system is built in ns-3, and basic protection relay logic is added to the power system model in order to perform the co-simulation.
{"title":"A federated simulation toolkit for electric power grid and communication network co-simulation","authors":"B. Kelley, P. Top, Steven G. Smith, C. Woodward, L. Min","doi":"10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115406","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a federated simulation toolkit (FSKIT) that couples continuous time and discrete event simula- tions (DES) to perform the co-simulation of electric power grids and communication networks. A High Performance Computing (HPC) oriented power system dynamic simulator, GridDyn, was used for the electric power grid simulation. GridDyn is coupled to the open-source network simulator, ns-3, through FSKIT. FSKIT provides time control for advancing the state of federated simulators, and facilitates communication among objects in the federate. A wide-area communication-based electric transmission protection scheme is simulated with FSKIT, using the IEEE 39- bus test system. A communication network for the 39-bus system is built in ns-3, and basic protection relay logic is added to the power system model in order to perform the co-simulation.","PeriodicalId":212582,"journal":{"name":"2015 Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (MSCPES)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116639371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-13DOI: 10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115412
A. Chhokra, A. Dubey, N. Mahadevan, G. Karsai
Resiliency and reliability is of paramount impor- tance for energy cyber physical systems. Electrical protection systems including detection elements such as Distance Relays and actuation elements such as Breakers are designed to protect the system from abnormal operations and arrest failure propagation by rapidly isolating the faulty components. However, failure in the protection devices themselves can and do lead to major system events and fault cascades, often leading to blackouts. This paper augments our past work on Temporal Causal Diagrams (TCD), a modeling formalism designed to help reason about the failure progressions by (a) describing a way to generate the TCD model from the system specification, and (b) understand the system failure dynamics for TCD reasoners by configuring simulation models.
{"title":"A component-based approach for modeling failure propagations in power systems","authors":"A. Chhokra, A. Dubey, N. Mahadevan, G. Karsai","doi":"10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115412","url":null,"abstract":"Resiliency and reliability is of paramount impor- tance for energy cyber physical systems. Electrical protection systems including detection elements such as Distance Relays and actuation elements such as Breakers are designed to protect the system from abnormal operations and arrest failure propagation by rapidly isolating the faulty components. However, failure in the protection devices themselves can and do lead to major system events and fault cascades, often leading to blackouts. This paper augments our past work on Temporal Causal Diagrams (TCD), a modeling formalism designed to help reason about the failure progressions by (a) describing a way to generate the TCD model from the system specification, and (b) understand the system failure dynamics for TCD reasoners by configuring simulation models.","PeriodicalId":212582,"journal":{"name":"2015 Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (MSCPES)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125192230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Demand response (DR) used in smart grid (SG) can enhance the reliability of the power system as well as reduce the energy costs for customers. One of the major consumers of electrical energy is industry. In this study, we develop a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulator to demonstrate how to practically implement DR in industrial facilities. The HIL simulator includes an energy management system (EMS), a monitoring and control system (MCS), an industrial Ethernet backbone network based on RAPIEnet protocol, and a wireless field network based on ISA100.11a protocol. The results show that the electricity demand of industrial facilities can be shifted from peak to off-peak demand periods to improve the reliability of the electrical grid.
{"title":"A hardware-in-the-loop simulator for demand response energy management in industrial facilities","authors":"Zhe Luo, Musharraf Alam, S. Hong, Yuemin Ding, Aidong Xu, Daehyun Kwon","doi":"10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115396","url":null,"abstract":"Demand response (DR) used in smart grid (SG) can enhance the reliability of the power system as well as reduce the energy costs for customers. One of the major consumers of electrical energy is industry. In this study, we develop a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulator to demonstrate how to practically implement DR in industrial facilities. The HIL simulator includes an energy management system (EMS), a monitoring and control system (MCS), an industrial Ethernet backbone network based on RAPIEnet protocol, and a wireless field network based on ISA100.11a protocol. The results show that the electricity demand of industrial facilities can be shifted from peak to off-peak demand periods to improve the reliability of the electrical grid.","PeriodicalId":212582,"journal":{"name":"2015 Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (MSCPES)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129359359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-13DOI: 10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115393
T. Ryutov, Anas AlMajali, C. Neuman
While demand response programs achieve energy efficiency and quality objectives, they bring potential security threats into the Smart Grid. An ability to influence load in the system provides the capability for an attacker to cause system failures and impacts the quality and integrity of the power delivered to customers. This paper presents a security mechanism that monitors and controls load according to security policies during normal system operation. The mechanism monitors, detects, and responds to load altering attacks. The authors examined security requirements of Smart Grid stakeholders and constructed a set of load control policies enforced by the mechanism. A proof of concept prototype was implemented and tested using the simulation environment. By enforcing the proposed policies in this prototype, the system is maintained in a safe state in the presence of load drop attacks.
{"title":"Modeling security policies for mitigating the risk of load altering attacks on smart grid systems","authors":"T. Ryutov, Anas AlMajali, C. Neuman","doi":"10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115393","url":null,"abstract":"While demand response programs achieve energy efficiency and quality objectives, they bring potential security threats into the Smart Grid. An ability to influence load in the system provides the capability for an attacker to cause system failures and impacts the quality and integrity of the power delivered to customers. This paper presents a security mechanism that monitors and controls load according to security policies during normal system operation. The mechanism monitors, detects, and responds to load altering attacks. The authors examined security requirements of Smart Grid stakeholders and constructed a set of load control policies enforced by the mechanism. A proof of concept prototype was implemented and tested using the simulation environment. By enforcing the proposed policies in this prototype, the system is maintained in a safe state in the presence of load drop attacks.","PeriodicalId":212582,"journal":{"name":"2015 Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (MSCPES)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128026788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-13DOI: 10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115410
S. Lehnhoff, Okko Nannen, S. Rohjans, Florian Schlogl, Stefan Dalhues, L. Robitzky, U. Hager, C. Rehtanz
Power flow simulators are indispensible when simulating and assessing future energy system scenarios potentially comprising vast numbers of actors, devices, markets, environmental phenomena etc. While open source power flow simulators are an appealing choice - as they come free of charge - commercially available power flow simulation and optimization suites have the clear benefit of being well established and trusted by the industry. Open source implementations often lack validation against these “trusted” outputs. In this paper we will demonstrate and discuss the integration and exchange of different (commercial as well as open source) power flow simulators with the co-simulation framework mosaik for the sake of comparing and possibly benchmarking the output of open source simulators.
{"title":"Exchangeability of power flow simulators in smart grid co-simulations with mosaik","authors":"S. Lehnhoff, Okko Nannen, S. Rohjans, Florian Schlogl, Stefan Dalhues, L. Robitzky, U. Hager, C. Rehtanz","doi":"10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115410","url":null,"abstract":"Power flow simulators are indispensible when simulating and assessing future energy system scenarios potentially comprising vast numbers of actors, devices, markets, environmental phenomena etc. While open source power flow simulators are an appealing choice - as they come free of charge - commercially available power flow simulation and optimization suites have the clear benefit of being well established and trusted by the industry. Open source implementations often lack validation against these “trusted” outputs. In this paper we will demonstrate and discuss the integration and exchange of different (commercial as well as open source) power flow simulators with the co-simulation framework mosaik for the sake of comparing and possibly benchmarking the output of open source simulators.","PeriodicalId":212582,"journal":{"name":"2015 Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (MSCPES)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131259320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-13DOI: 10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115395
R. Liu, A. Srivastava
With the development of the smart grid technology, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a sig- nificant role in the smart grid. ICT enables to realize the smart grid, but also brings cyber vulnerabilities. It is important to analyze the impact of possible cyber-attacks on the power grid. In this paper, a real-time, cyber-physical co-simulation testbed with hardware-in-the-loop capability is discussed. Real-time Digital Simulator (RTDS), Synchrophasor devices, DeterLab, and a wide- area monitoring application with closed-loop control are utilized in the developed testbed. Two different real life cyber-attacks, including TCP SYN flood attack, and man-in-the-middle attack, are simulated on an IEEE standard power system test case to analyze the the impact of these cyber-attacks on the power grid.
随着智能电网技术的发展，信息通信技术(ICT)在智能电网中发挥着重要的作用。信息通信技术使智能电网得以实现，但也带来了网络漏洞。分析可能的网络攻击对电网的影响是很重要的。本文讨论了一种具有硬件在环能力的实时网络物理联合仿真试验台。该试验台采用实时数字模拟器(RTDS)、同步相量装置、检测实验室和具有闭环控制的广域监测应用程序。在IEEE标准电力系统测试用例上，模拟了TCP SYN flood攻击和中间人攻击两种不同的现实网络攻击，分析了网络攻击对电网的影响。
{"title":"Integrated simulation to analyze the impact of cyber-attacks on the power grid","authors":"R. Liu, A. Srivastava","doi":"10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115395","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of the smart grid technology, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a sig- nificant role in the smart grid. ICT enables to realize the smart grid, but also brings cyber vulnerabilities. It is important to analyze the impact of possible cyber-attacks on the power grid. In this paper, a real-time, cyber-physical co-simulation testbed with hardware-in-the-loop capability is discussed. Real-time Digital Simulator (RTDS), Synchrophasor devices, DeterLab, and a wide- area monitoring application with closed-loop control are utilized in the developed testbed. Two different real life cyber-attacks, including TCP SYN flood attack, and man-in-the-middle attack, are simulated on an IEEE standard power system test case to analyze the the impact of these cyber-attacks on the power grid.","PeriodicalId":212582,"journal":{"name":"2015 Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (MSCPES)","volume":"500 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134190122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-13DOI: 10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115394
Eman M. Hammad, Abdallah K. Farraj, D. Kundur
We study the effect of control area design on the performance of distributed control. Specifically, we consider distributed implementations of parametric feedback linearization (PFL) control for efficient transient stability after the occurrence of a power system disturbance. We employ hierarchical spectral clustering and k-mean spectral clustering techniques to design control areas with high physical coupling within the power system. We address three distributed control scenarios: (i) distributed control applied to all generators of a control area, (ii) distributed control applied only to the largest inertia generator within a control area, and (iii) hierarchical distributed control where all generators apply distributed control and lead generators within a control area have centralized control. We investigate the effect of area clustering outcomes and compare the performance of the three control approaches for various power system faults.
{"title":"On the effects of distributed control area design for the stabilization of cyber-enabled smart grids","authors":"Eman M. Hammad, Abdallah K. Farraj, D. Kundur","doi":"10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115394","url":null,"abstract":"We study the effect of control area design on the performance of distributed control. Specifically, we consider distributed implementations of parametric feedback linearization (PFL) control for efficient transient stability after the occurrence of a power system disturbance. We employ hierarchical spectral clustering and k-mean spectral clustering techniques to design control areas with high physical coupling within the power system. We address three distributed control scenarios: (i) distributed control applied to all generators of a control area, (ii) distributed control applied only to the largest inertia generator within a control area, and (iii) hierarchical distributed control where all generators apply distributed control and lead generators within a control area have centralized control. We investigate the effect of area clustering outcomes and compare the performance of the three control approaches for various power system faults.","PeriodicalId":212582,"journal":{"name":"2015 Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (MSCPES)","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133498534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-13DOI: 10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115398
Velin Kounev, D. Tipper, M. Lévesque, B. Grainger, T. Mcdermott, G. Reed
Microgrids have been proposed as a key piece of the Smart Grid vision to enable the potential of renewable energy generation. Microgrids are required to operate in both grid connected and standalone island mode using local sources of power. A major challenge in implementing microgrids is the communications and control to support transition to and from grid connected mode and operation in island mode. Microgrids consists of two interdependent networks, namely; the power distribution and data communication networks. To accurately capture the overall operation of the system, we propose a co-simulation model driven by embedded power controllers. Further, we propose a novel co-simulation scheduler taking into account events from both the power and communication network simulators, as well as the timing of each embedded controller's execution loop to adaptively synchronize both simulators efficiently. The approach ensures minimal synchronization error while still providing the ability to simulate extended operational scenarios. The numerical results illustrate the novelty of the propose co- simulation to study the microgrid power and communication networks interactions, and the effect on the power stability.
{"title":"A microgrid co-simulation framework","authors":"Velin Kounev, D. Tipper, M. Lévesque, B. Grainger, T. Mcdermott, G. Reed","doi":"10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115398","url":null,"abstract":"Microgrids have been proposed as a key piece of the Smart Grid vision to enable the potential of renewable energy generation. Microgrids are required to operate in both grid connected and standalone island mode using local sources of power. A major challenge in implementing microgrids is the communications and control to support transition to and from grid connected mode and operation in island mode. Microgrids consists of two interdependent networks, namely; the power distribution and data communication networks. To accurately capture the overall operation of the system, we propose a co-simulation model driven by embedded power controllers. Further, we propose a novel co-simulation scheduler taking into account events from both the power and communication network simulators, as well as the timing of each embedded controller's execution loop to adaptively synchronize both simulators efficiently. The approach ensures minimal synchronization error while still providing the ability to simulate extended operational scenarios. The numerical results illustrate the novelty of the propose co- simulation to study the microgrid power and communication networks interactions, and the effect on the power stability.","PeriodicalId":212582,"journal":{"name":"2015 Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (MSCPES)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126220605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-13DOI: 10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115405
M. Heiss, Andreas Oertl, Monika Sturm, P. Palensky, Stefan Vielguth, F. Nadler
The full potential of distributed cyber-physical systems (CPS) can only be leveraged if their functions and services can be flexibly integrated. Challenges like communication quality, interoperability, and amounts of data are massive. The design of such integration platforms therefore requires radically new concepts. This paper shows the industrial view, the business perspective on such envisioned platforms. It turns out that there are not only huge technical challenges to overcome but also fundamental dilemmas. Contradicting requirements and conflicting trends force us to re-think the task of interconnecting services of distributed CPS.
{"title":"Platforms for industrial cyber-physical systems integration: contradicting requirements as drivers for innovation","authors":"M. Heiss, Andreas Oertl, Monika Sturm, P. Palensky, Stefan Vielguth, F. Nadler","doi":"10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115405","url":null,"abstract":"The full potential of distributed cyber-physical systems (CPS) can only be leveraged if their functions and services can be flexibly integrated. Challenges like communication quality, interoperability, and amounts of data are massive. The design of such integration platforms therefore requires radically new concepts. This paper shows the industrial view, the business perspective on such envisioned platforms. It turns out that there are not only huge technical challenges to overcome but also fundamental dilemmas. Contradicting requirements and conflicting trends force us to re-think the task of interconnecting services of distributed CPS.","PeriodicalId":212582,"journal":{"name":"2015 Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (MSCPES)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131287490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-13DOI: 10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115397
Wolfgang Muller, E. Widl
The simulation of hybrid system is of interest in different areas, e.g., cyber-physical energy systems. This includes the embedding of continuous-time subsystems in discrete event systems. The difficulties of resulting synchronisation schedules are approached by precalculation within the components. The Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) is a state of the art specification for the co-simulation of continuous systems, which is supported by a growing number of simulation software. FMI for Model Exchange components generated with OpenModelica have been embedded in the discrete event domain of Ptolemy II as a proof of concept. An example shows that the use of FMI components has a better scalability and shorter runtime than a pure Ptolemy II implementation.
{"title":"Using FMI components in discrete event systems","authors":"Wolfgang Muller, E. Widl","doi":"10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115397","url":null,"abstract":"The simulation of hybrid system is of interest in different areas, e.g., cyber-physical energy systems. This includes the embedding of continuous-time subsystems in discrete event systems. The difficulties of resulting synchronisation schedules are approached by precalculation within the components. The Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) is a state of the art specification for the co-simulation of continuous systems, which is supported by a growing number of simulation software. FMI for Model Exchange components generated with OpenModelica have been embedded in the discrete event domain of Ptolemy II as a proof of concept. An example shows that the use of FMI components has a better scalability and shorter runtime than a pure Ptolemy II implementation.","PeriodicalId":212582,"journal":{"name":"2015 Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (MSCPES)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130522953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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