Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.22370/pe.2022.13.3443
Vittorio Bellotto
Centri sociali have been a common social, political, and spatial phenomenon in Italian cities since the 1970s. Since then, they emerged as active, youth-oriented places of left-wing and radical activism often operating at the margins of the urban fabric and in conflict with local institutions. In addition to political action, Centri Sociali play a social and cultural role in cities as spaces of leisure, social aggregation, and mutual support. This paper investigates how these groups locate themselves in an increasingly neoliberal urban environment by exploring their goals, the role they play in the wider communities, the issues they wish to address, and the strategies they mobilise. After presenting an overview of the concept and history of Italian Centri Sociali, the theoretical concept of urban neoliberalism is used to set the scene in which such groups are currently active and to explain the nature of the issues and challenges they aim to tackle. Further, the actions and strategies used by Centri Sociali are analysed through the lenses of Social Innovation Theory. This paper aims to understand how social innovation is used by Centri Sociali to create alternative urban spaces outside of neoliberal and capitalistic dynamics. It does so by using secondary data retrieved through literature review and through primary data collected via semi-structured interviews with 15 representatives from various Centri Sociali around Italy.
{"title":"Resisting urban neoliberalism through social innovation","authors":"Vittorio Bellotto","doi":"10.22370/pe.2022.13.3443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22370/pe.2022.13.3443","url":null,"abstract":"Centri sociali have been a common social, political, and spatial phenomenon in Italian cities since the 1970s. Since then, they emerged as active, youth-oriented places of left-wing and radical activism often operating at the margins of the urban fabric and in conflict with local institutions. In addition to political action, Centri Sociali play a social and cultural role in cities as spaces of leisure, social aggregation, and mutual support. This paper investigates how these groups locate themselves in an increasingly neoliberal urban environment by exploring their goals, the role they play in the wider communities, the issues they wish to address, and the strategies they mobilise. After presenting an overview of the concept and history of Italian Centri Sociali, the theoretical concept of urban neoliberalism is used to set the scene in which such groups are currently active and to explain the nature of the issues and challenges they aim to tackle. Further, the actions and strategies used by Centri Sociali are analysed through the lenses of Social Innovation Theory. This paper aims to understand how social innovation is used by Centri Sociali to create alternative urban spaces outside of neoliberal and capitalistic dynamics. It does so by using secondary data retrieved through literature review and through primary data collected via semi-structured interviews with 15 representatives from various Centri Sociali around Italy.","PeriodicalId":212688,"journal":{"name":"Perfiles Económicos","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116863307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.22370/pe.2022.13.3596
C. Raggio, Anneleen Kenis, Chiara De Tomassi, Christian Kesteloot
{"title":"Puentes hacia la sostenibilidad","authors":"C. Raggio, Anneleen Kenis, Chiara De Tomassi, Christian Kesteloot","doi":"10.22370/pe.2022.13.3596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22370/pe.2022.13.3596","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212688,"journal":{"name":"Perfiles Económicos","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134601881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.22370/pe.2022.13.3446
M. Hogan
This paper departs from a consideration of an emerging popular discourse concerning a plant-based mining technology called agromining. Agromining is defined by its inventors as a method for mining metals with plants, encompassing a chain of procedures from the cultivation of metal-absorbing plants to the marketing of the pure metal extracted from them. It is being developed and marketed by scientists as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional mining that can support technological shifts needed for the green transition. Following the characterization within this popular discourse of the agromining plants as “super”, the hegemonic logics behind it are exposed and used to unpack the agendas, political biases, and naturalized ideologies behind green technologies. This paper investigates why being super is so appealing and what logics are upheld and reproduced by prioritizing superness. Three central elements construct the main argument of this paper: hegemonic masculinity, the depoliticization of climate change, and the lack of a plural democratic space to address the global ecological crisis. These points give context to why superness may be an attractive quality for a green technology and help to problematize the neutrality of science-backed solutions to ecological problems. Possibilities for refusal and resisting both hegemonic masculinity and the dominant logics that reproduce it are discussed with contributions from Feminist, Queer, and Crip theories.
{"title":"Superplants: hegemonic masculinities holding up the green transition","authors":"M. Hogan","doi":"10.22370/pe.2022.13.3446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22370/pe.2022.13.3446","url":null,"abstract":"This paper departs from a consideration of an emerging popular discourse concerning a plant-based mining technology called agromining. Agromining is defined by its inventors as a method for mining metals with plants, encompassing a chain of procedures from the cultivation of metal-absorbing plants to the marketing of the pure metal extracted from them. It is being developed and marketed by scientists as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional mining that can support technological shifts needed for the green transition. Following the characterization within this popular discourse of the agromining plants as “super”, the hegemonic logics behind it are exposed and used to unpack the agendas, political biases, and naturalized ideologies behind green technologies. This paper investigates why being super is so appealing and what logics are upheld and reproduced by prioritizing superness. Three central elements construct the main argument of this paper: hegemonic masculinity, the depoliticization of climate change, and the lack of a plural democratic space to address the global ecological crisis. These points give context to why superness may be an attractive quality for a green technology and help to problematize the neutrality of science-backed solutions to ecological problems. Possibilities for refusal and resisting both hegemonic masculinity and the dominant logics that reproduce it are discussed with contributions from Feminist, Queer, and Crip theories.","PeriodicalId":212688,"journal":{"name":"Perfiles Económicos","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127919014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.22370/pe.2022.13.3553
Jorge Gibert Galassi, Paola Espina Bocic
The scientific community (or the academic profession) is one of the key players in the global and local dynamics of R&D and affects enormously the performance of contemporary societies. Nevertheless, historical, and institutional conditions strongly affect the magnitude and form of scientific and technological production in the various scientific communities around the globe. During the 20th century, the scientific community has been described as Merton's CUDO, followed by Kuhn's notion of paradigm, and finally in terms of post-normal science debates, mode two, and triple helix. This paper compares two measurements (survey-2012, and survey 2022), describing the evolution of a set of characteristics, especially incentives and values, in three scientific communities (astronomers, sociologists, and molecular biologists) as representative of three epistemic practices: exact sciences, natural sciences, and social sciences. After an introduction describing the context of knowledge production in Chile, the paper compares results from both surveys, trying to understand the differences and aspects in common in a transversal way through three dimensions. The results are the outcome of two online surveys applied to a statistically representative of the communities studied.
{"title":"panoramic view to the evolution of three scientific communities in chilean academia 2012-2022","authors":"Jorge Gibert Galassi, Paola Espina Bocic","doi":"10.22370/pe.2022.13.3553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22370/pe.2022.13.3553","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific community (or the academic profession) is one of the key players in the global and local dynamics of R&D and affects enormously the performance of contemporary societies. Nevertheless, historical, and institutional conditions strongly affect the magnitude and form of scientific and technological production in the various scientific communities around the globe. During the 20th century, the scientific community has been described as Merton's CUDO, followed by Kuhn's notion of paradigm, and finally in terms of post-normal science debates, mode two, and triple helix. This paper compares two measurements (survey-2012, and survey 2022), describing the evolution of a set of characteristics, especially incentives and values, in three scientific communities (astronomers, sociologists, and molecular biologists) as representative of three epistemic practices: exact sciences, natural sciences, and social sciences. After an introduction describing the context of knowledge production in Chile, the paper compares results from both surveys, trying to understand the differences and aspects in common in a transversal way through three dimensions. The results are the outcome of two online surveys applied to a statistically representative of the communities studied.","PeriodicalId":212688,"journal":{"name":"Perfiles Económicos","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130608070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-05DOI: 10.22370/pe.2022.12.3317
C. Medina
El liberalismo está fundado en una metafísica nominalista que rechaza la capacidad de la razón humana de alcanzar un conocimiento esencial del mundo. Visto así, cualquier orden óptimo que imaginemos cualitativamente en los planos antropológico, político y económico sería sólo, en efecto, un mero producto de la imaginación desprovisto de valor noético efectivo. En el caso del liberalismo político esto se traduce en la afirmación de un concepto meramente formal de la autonomía. En el caso del liberalismo económico es el deísmo, en cuanto evolución ilustrada de la premisa nominalista, el que moldea el pensamiento: el Mercado es concebido desde esta perspectiva como una esfera autónoma y autorregulada providencialmente de la cual solo podemos conocer las leyes procedimentales que rigen su mecanismo interno. Palabras claves: liberalismo, nominalismo, Mercado, deísmo, autonomía.
{"title":"Liberalismo político (Estado) y Liberalismo económico (Moneda). Sus raíces en común, y una propuesta de definición conceptual","authors":"C. Medina","doi":"10.22370/pe.2022.12.3317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22370/pe.2022.12.3317","url":null,"abstract":"El liberalismo está fundado en una metafísica nominalista que rechaza la capacidad de la razón humana de alcanzar un conocimiento esencial del mundo. Visto así, cualquier orden óptimo que imaginemos cualitativamente en los planos antropológico, político y económico sería sólo, en efecto, un mero producto de la imaginación desprovisto de valor noético efectivo. En el caso del liberalismo político esto se traduce en la afirmación de un concepto meramente formal de la autonomía. En el caso del liberalismo económico es el deísmo, en cuanto evolución ilustrada de la premisa nominalista, el que moldea el pensamiento: el Mercado es concebido desde esta perspectiva como una esfera autónoma y autorregulada providencialmente de la cual solo podemos conocer las leyes procedimentales que rigen su mecanismo interno. \u0000Palabras claves: liberalismo, nominalismo, Mercado, deísmo, autonomía.","PeriodicalId":212688,"journal":{"name":"Perfiles Económicos","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116477217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-05DOI: 10.22370/pe.2022.12.3335
Juan Carlos Yáñez Andrade
El presente artículo analiza las características de la burocracia e inversión pública durante el primer desarrollo del turismo en Chile, entre 1927 y 1973. Las fuentes principales comprenden los presupuestos de la Nación durante el periodo de estudio, sesiones del Congreso, folletos y prensa. Se sugiere que no siempre hubo una relación entre la importancia que adquirió el turismo como política pública y la inversión por parte del Estado. Se identifican diversos periodos en que el aumento del presupuesto se destinó a alimentar una creciente burocracia, aunque en otros momentos –que coinciden con el gobierno de Pedro Aguirre Cerda y de Salvador Allende– se mostró un real interés en mejorar la infraestructura y servicios de algunos destinos turísticos, junto con financiar programas de turismo social.
{"title":"Burocracia e inversión pública durante el primer desarrollo del turismo en Chile","authors":"Juan Carlos Yáñez Andrade","doi":"10.22370/pe.2022.12.3335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22370/pe.2022.12.3335","url":null,"abstract":"El presente artículo analiza las características de la burocracia e inversión pública durante el primer desarrollo del turismo en Chile, entre 1927 y 1973. Las fuentes principales comprenden los presupuestos de la Nación durante el periodo de estudio, sesiones del Congreso, folletos y prensa. Se sugiere que no siempre hubo una relación entre la importancia que adquirió el turismo como política pública y la inversión por parte del Estado. Se identifican diversos periodos en que el aumento del presupuesto se destinó a alimentar una creciente burocracia, aunque en otros momentos –que coinciden con el gobierno de Pedro Aguirre Cerda y de Salvador Allende– se mostró un real interés en mejorar la infraestructura y servicios de algunos destinos turísticos, junto con financiar programas de turismo social.","PeriodicalId":212688,"journal":{"name":"Perfiles Económicos","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117251203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-05DOI: 10.22370/pe.2022.12.3307
Carolina Pasciaroni
En base a información estadística reciente y partiendo de la relevancia del conocimiento externo sobre el desempeño innovador de las firmas, el objetivo de este trabajo consiste en caracterizar la conducta y el desempeño innovador de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES) del sector manufacturero en Argentina, con especial énfasis, en los vínculos de cooperación que se establecen con socios comerciales y/o académicos para la obtención de resultados innovadores. El análisis propuesto, de alcance descriptivo, se centra en la comparación del perfil innovador de PYMES y grandes empresas, así como también, en la descripción de tal perfil entre las PYMES que se vinculan con distintos socios durante su proceso de innovación. Los resultados encontrados se centran en la prevalencia de rasgos reseñados en estudios previos; la existencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la conducta y desempeño innovador de acuerdo al tamaño de las firmas; y el comportamiento innovador diferencial de las PYMES que se vinculan.
{"title":"Conducta, cooperación y desempeño innovador en pequeñas y medianas empresas industriales en Argentina (2014-2016)","authors":"Carolina Pasciaroni","doi":"10.22370/pe.2022.12.3307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22370/pe.2022.12.3307","url":null,"abstract":"En base a información estadística reciente y partiendo de la relevancia del conocimiento externo sobre el desempeño innovador de las firmas, el objetivo de este trabajo consiste en caracterizar la conducta y el desempeño innovador de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES) del sector manufacturero en Argentina, con especial énfasis, en los vínculos de cooperación que se establecen con socios comerciales y/o académicos para la obtención de resultados innovadores. El análisis propuesto, de alcance descriptivo, se centra en la comparación del perfil innovador de PYMES y grandes empresas, así como también, en la descripción de tal perfil entre las PYMES que se vinculan con distintos socios durante su proceso de innovación. Los resultados encontrados se centran en la prevalencia de rasgos reseñados en estudios previos; la existencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la conducta y desempeño innovador de acuerdo al tamaño de las firmas; y el comportamiento innovador diferencial de las PYMES que se vinculan.","PeriodicalId":212688,"journal":{"name":"Perfiles Económicos","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131325671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-05DOI: 10.22370/pe.2022.12.3288
Andrés Aguirre Briones
En este análisis de coyuntura, se indaga en los precios al consumidor y la configuración de mercado en las secciones de procesamiento y comercialización minorista moderna de la cadena de valor del rubro de alimentos y bebidas chileno. Con fines comparativos, se incorporan diversos aspectos constitutivos de este segmento de la manufactura en el mercado hispano. En el primer apartado, se presentan una variedad de indicadores económicos recientes para ambos países, junto a la evolución comparada del índice de precios al consumidor de alimentos y bebidas, y el índice de precios agrícolas de la FAO. Posteriormente, se profundiza en la estructura de los mercados de procesamiento y distribución de consumo masivo de alimentos, presentando las cuotas y los niveles de concentración, además de calcular y comparar los índices de ventas sectoriales para ambos países. Por último, se calcula el índice de los beneficios operacionales (Ebitda) y los resultados recientes de dos unidades líderes y representativas de la distribución minorista de supermercados chilena y española. De este modo, se observa que los divergentes desempeños empresariales detectados, se entrelazan con unos disímiles niveles de precios y estructuras de mercado.
{"title":"Inflación en la economía chilena","authors":"Andrés Aguirre Briones","doi":"10.22370/pe.2022.12.3288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22370/pe.2022.12.3288","url":null,"abstract":"En este análisis de coyuntura, se indaga en los precios al consumidor y la configuración de mercado en las secciones de procesamiento y comercialización minorista moderna de la cadena de valor del rubro de alimentos y bebidas chileno. Con fines comparativos, se incorporan diversos aspectos constitutivos de este segmento de la manufactura en el mercado hispano. En el primer apartado, se presentan una variedad de indicadores económicos recientes para ambos países, junto a la evolución comparada del índice de precios al consumidor de alimentos y bebidas, y el índice de precios agrícolas de la FAO. Posteriormente, se profundiza en la estructura de los mercados de procesamiento y distribución de consumo masivo de alimentos, presentando las cuotas y los niveles de concentración, además de calcular y comparar los índices de ventas sectoriales para ambos países. Por último, se calcula el índice de los beneficios operacionales (Ebitda) y los resultados recientes de dos unidades líderes y representativas de la distribución minorista de supermercados chilena y española. De este modo, se observa que los divergentes desempeños empresariales detectados, se entrelazan con unos disímiles niveles de precios y estructuras de mercado.","PeriodicalId":212688,"journal":{"name":"Perfiles Económicos","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132450941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.22370/pe.2021.11.2902
Bernardita Escobar
Este ensayo reflexiona específicamente la realidad de la pandemia y la profundización en la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres. Las mujeres representan la mitad de la población del mundo y tal como vamos a discutir, no existe tanta diferencia entre las mujeres que están en Chile, México y Latinoamérica, o en Europa, Estados Unidos y en Asia, es decir, el nivel de vulnerabilidad puede cambiar en algunos países, puede ser mayor que en otros, pero la situación global de afectación hacia la mitad de la población merece la importancia de ser tratado en primer orden.
{"title":"Repensar la economía y la sociedad postpandemia: mujeres y vulnerabilidad","authors":"Bernardita Escobar","doi":"10.22370/pe.2021.11.2902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22370/pe.2021.11.2902","url":null,"abstract":"Este ensayo reflexiona específicamente la realidad de la pandemia y la profundización en la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres. Las mujeres representan la mitad de la población del mundo y tal como vamos a discutir, no existe tanta diferencia entre las mujeres que están en Chile, México y Latinoamérica, o en Europa, Estados Unidos y en Asia, es decir, el nivel de vulnerabilidad puede cambiar en algunos países, puede ser mayor que en otros, pero la situación global de afectación hacia la mitad de la población merece la importancia de ser tratado en primer orden.","PeriodicalId":212688,"journal":{"name":"Perfiles Económicos","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133673487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.22370/pe.2021.11.2930
P. Herrera
{"title":"Dossier ensayos sobre la pandemia","authors":"P. Herrera","doi":"10.22370/pe.2021.11.2930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22370/pe.2021.11.2930","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212688,"journal":{"name":"Perfiles Económicos","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130033295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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