Guangsheng Yu, Xu Wang, Kan Yu, Wei Ni, J. A. Zhang, R. Liu
{"title":"Scaling-out blockchains with sharding: an extensive survey","authors":"Guangsheng Yu, Xu Wang, Kan Yu, Wei Ni, J. A. Zhang, R. Liu","doi":"10.1049/pbpc029e_ch10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pbpc029e_ch10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212774,"journal":{"name":"Blockchains for Network Security","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123106954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A blockchain is a distributed database or ledger that maintains an ever-growing list of data records in opposition to tampering and revision. It provides immutable data storage over a distributed network and supports a large number of encrypted and coded interactions, which improves the reliability of the entire network interaction system and reduces the need for trust. Even if some nodes in the blockchain are hacked and fail, the system can run as usual. (In such a scenario, users are enabled to form a distributed peer -to peer (P2P) network in which they could interact with each other in an efficient manner without a trusted intermediary). In addition to being famous for decentralization, blockchain has shown other significant characteristics during its development, such as reliability, anonymity, transparency, auditability and programming. According to the different degree of openness and coverage, the current blockchain can be classified into three categories: public blockchain, consortium blockchain and private blockchain. In this process, the evolution of blockchain has gone through three processes: blockchain 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0. Blockchain 1.0, known as digital currency stage, is strongly related with the decentralization and payment of cryptocurrencies. Blockchain 2.0, known as digital finance stage, introduces economic, financial and market applications by programming far from simple currency transactions. Among them, the most significant features of blockchain 2.0 are the introduction and application of smart contracts. Blockchain 3.0, known as digital society stage, provides decentralized solutions for a variety of industries beyond just financial scene.
{"title":"Introduction to blockchains","authors":"Haojun Huang, Jialin Tian, G. Min, W. Miao","doi":"10.1049/pbpc029e_ch1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pbpc029e_ch1","url":null,"abstract":"A blockchain is a distributed database or ledger that maintains an ever-growing list of data records in opposition to tampering and revision. It provides immutable data storage over a distributed network and supports a large number of encrypted and coded interactions, which improves the reliability of the entire network interaction system and reduces the need for trust. Even if some nodes in the blockchain are hacked and fail, the system can run as usual. (In such a scenario, users are enabled to form a distributed peer -to peer (P2P) network in which they could interact with each other in an efficient manner without a trusted intermediary). In addition to being famous for decentralization, blockchain has shown other significant characteristics during its development, such as reliability, anonymity, transparency, auditability and programming. According to the different degree of openness and coverage, the current blockchain can be classified into three categories: public blockchain, consortium blockchain and private blockchain. In this process, the evolution of blockchain has gone through three processes: blockchain 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0. Blockchain 1.0, known as digital currency stage, is strongly related with the decentralization and payment of cryptocurrencies. Blockchain 2.0, known as digital finance stage, introduces economic, financial and market applications by programming far from simple currency transactions. Among them, the most significant features of blockchain 2.0 are the introduction and application of smart contracts. Blockchain 3.0, known as digital society stage, provides decentralized solutions for a variety of industries beyond just financial scene.","PeriodicalId":212774,"journal":{"name":"Blockchains for Network Security","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127002724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Blockchain applications, projects and implementations","authors":"Haojun Huang, G. Min, W. Miao, Haozhe Wang","doi":"10.1049/pbpc029e_ch4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pbpc029e_ch4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212774,"journal":{"name":"Blockchains for Network Security","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121320811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of differential privacy emerged as a strong notion to protect database privacy in an untrusted environment. Later on, researchers proposed several variants of differential privacy in order to preserve privacy in certain other scenarios, such as real-time cyber physical systems. Since then, differential privacy has rigorously been applied to certain other domains which has the need of privacy preservation. One such domain is decentralized blockchain based smart metering, in which smart meters acting as blockchain nodes sent their real-time data to grid utility databases for real-time reporting. This data is further used to carry out statistical tasks, such as load forecasting, demand response calculation, etc. However, in case if any intruder gets access to this data it can leak privacy of smart meter users. In this context, differential privacy can be used to protect privacy of this data. In this chapter, we carry out comparison of four variants of differential privacy (Laplace, Gaussian, Uniform, and Geometric) in blockchain based smart metering scenario. We test these variants on smart metering data and carry out their performance evaluation by varying different parameters. Experimental outcomes shows at low privacy budget ($varepsilon$) and at low reading sensitivity value ($delta$), these privacy preserving mechanisms provide high privacy by adding large amount of noise. However, among these four privacy preserving parameters Geometric parameters is more suitable for protecting high peak values and Laplace mechanism is more suitable for protecting low peak values at ($varepsilon$ = 0.01).
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Differential Privacy Mechanisms in Blockchain based Smart Metering","authors":"M. Hassan, M. H. Rehmani, Jinjun Chen","doi":"10.1049/pbpc029e_ch9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pbpc029e_ch9","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of differential privacy emerged as a strong notion to protect database privacy in an untrusted environment. Later on, researchers proposed several variants of differential privacy in order to preserve privacy in certain other scenarios, such as real-time cyber physical systems. Since then, differential privacy has rigorously been applied to certain other domains which has the need of privacy preservation. One such domain is decentralized blockchain based smart metering, in which smart meters acting as blockchain nodes sent their real-time data to grid utility databases for real-time reporting. This data is further used to carry out statistical tasks, such as load forecasting, demand response calculation, etc. However, in case if any intruder gets access to this data it can leak privacy of smart meter users. In this context, differential privacy can be used to protect privacy of this data. In this chapter, we carry out comparison of four variants of differential privacy (Laplace, Gaussian, Uniform, and Geometric) in blockchain based smart metering scenario. We test these variants on smart metering data and carry out their performance evaluation by varying different parameters. Experimental outcomes shows at low privacy budget ($varepsilon$) and at low reading sensitivity value ($delta$), these privacy preserving mechanisms provide high privacy by adding large amount of noise. However, among these four privacy preserving parameters Geometric parameters is more suitable for protecting high peak values and Laplace mechanism is more suitable for protecting low peak values at ($varepsilon$ = 0.01).","PeriodicalId":212774,"journal":{"name":"Blockchains for Network Security","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115088598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diego Valdeolmillos, Roberto Casado-Vara, J. Corchado
{"title":"EdgeChain to provide security in organization-based multi-agent systems","authors":"Diego Valdeolmillos, Roberto Casado-Vara, J. Corchado","doi":"10.1049/pbpc029e_ch7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pbpc029e_ch7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212774,"journal":{"name":"Blockchains for Network Security","volume":"276 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121410631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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