Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-1-50-60
Nickolai G. Belyaev, Elvira D. Levochkina, V. Baturin, I. Rzhepakovsky, T. V. Abasova, S. Piskov
Relevance. Early diagnosis of chronic overstress among athletes remains an important problem for coaches and specialists in the field of sports physiology and medicine. The goal is to study in an animal model the dynamics of autoimmune response to physical activity of different duration and intensity and to establish the prospects of the method of determining autoantibodies to cardiomyocyte proteins as an indicator of the morphofunctional state of the heart in the conditions of adaptation to muscle loads. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in male white rats. Animals were subjected to 9 weeks of training simulated with treadban. The intensity of the load changed the angle of inclination and the speed of the tape. The amount of cardiospecific autoantibodies (auto-AB) to troponin I, to alpha-actin 1, to the human cardiac beta-myosin heavy chain MYH7 was determined in the blood by enzyme immunoassay. The relative heart mass was measured. Histomorphological assessment of cardiomyocyte condition was carried out. Statistical processing was carried out using the Student and Mann-Whitney criteria. Results and Discussion. Animal training was accompanied by moderate cardiac hypertrophy of pathological changes in cardiomyocytes. Heart weight increased by 6.9 %; 10.6 %; 12.9 % in the dynamics of 6-8-9 weeks of training. Concentrations of auto-AB to troponin I and to alpha-actin 1 were characterized by cyclicity, manifested by an increase in week 2 and a decrease by the 8th and 9th weeks of training. In the dynamics of 0-2-8-9 weeks of the experiment, the amount of auto-AB to troponin I was: 3.10.3; 4.20.9; 2.10.2; 2.00.04 ng/ml. For auto-AB to actin: 26.71.2; 31.31.4; 13.71.8; 12.11.6 ng/ml, respectively. The level of auto-AB to beta-myosin was manifested by a decrease in the dynamics of 0-6-9 weeks of training and amounted to: 16.30.9; 10.91.5; 8.20.8; 9.6 0.9 ng/ml. Conclusion. The results of determining cardiospecific auto-AB demonstrate a clear response of the immune system to the processes taking place in cardiomyocytes, which makes it possible to recommend further study of the method of determining auto-AB to cardiomyocyte proteins as a diagnostic test of the functional state of the heart muscle during the period of adaptation to physical activity.
{"title":"Auto-antibodies to cardiomyocyte proteins dynamics at different stages of simulated muscle loads","authors":"Nickolai G. Belyaev, Elvira D. Levochkina, V. Baturin, I. Rzhepakovsky, T. V. Abasova, S. Piskov","doi":"10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-1-50-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-1-50-60","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Early diagnosis of chronic overstress among athletes remains an important problem for coaches and specialists in the field of sports physiology and medicine. The goal is to study in an animal model the dynamics of autoimmune response to physical activity of different duration and intensity and to establish the prospects of the method of determining autoantibodies to cardiomyocyte proteins as an indicator of the morphofunctional state of the heart in the conditions of adaptation to muscle loads. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in male white rats. Animals were subjected to 9 weeks of training simulated with treadban. The intensity of the load changed the angle of inclination and the speed of the tape. The amount of cardiospecific autoantibodies (auto-AB) to troponin I, to alpha-actin 1, to the human cardiac beta-myosin heavy chain MYH7 was determined in the blood by enzyme immunoassay. The relative heart mass was measured. Histomorphological assessment of cardiomyocyte condition was carried out. Statistical processing was carried out using the Student and Mann-Whitney criteria. Results and Discussion. Animal training was accompanied by moderate cardiac hypertrophy of pathological changes in cardiomyocytes. Heart weight increased by 6.9 %; 10.6 %; 12.9 % in the dynamics of 6-8-9 weeks of training. Concentrations of auto-AB to troponin I and to alpha-actin 1 were characterized by cyclicity, manifested by an increase in week 2 and a decrease by the 8th and 9th weeks of training. In the dynamics of 0-2-8-9 weeks of the experiment, the amount of auto-AB to troponin I was: 3.10.3; 4.20.9; 2.10.2; 2.00.04 ng/ml. For auto-AB to actin: 26.71.2; 31.31.4; 13.71.8; 12.11.6 ng/ml, respectively. The level of auto-AB to beta-myosin was manifested by a decrease in the dynamics of 0-6-9 weeks of training and amounted to: 16.30.9; 10.91.5; 8.20.8; 9.6 0.9 ng/ml. Conclusion. The results of determining cardiospecific auto-AB demonstrate a clear response of the immune system to the processes taking place in cardiomyocytes, which makes it possible to recommend further study of the method of determining auto-AB to cardiomyocyte proteins as a diagnostic test of the functional state of the heart muscle during the period of adaptation to physical activity.","PeriodicalId":21324,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44402687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-1-41-49
M. T. Gedulyanov, E. Kiyaeva
Relevance. The urgency of the problem of traumatism is constantly increasing, which is associated with an increase in road accidents, an increase in the number of interpersonal conflicts, the availability of firearms and cold steel weapon, etc. In addition, the proportion of victims with injuries of the maxillofacial region in a state of alcoholic intoxication is constantly growing. The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of trace elements in hospitalized patients with maxillofacial trauma, intoxicated, acute traumatic stress and the study of the effect of trauma on the balance of trace elements in patients of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery with various alcohol history. Materials and Methods. The study involved 30 male patients of the department of maxillofacial surgery of the Moscow city clinical F.I. Inozemtseva hospital located in the city of Moscow. All patients were joined to the department for trauma of the maxillofacial tract and were divided into two groups: 15 of them regularly took alcohol and were in a state of alcoholic intoxication at the time of injury (group 1), 15 - without alcohol history (comparison group 2). All patients carried a general clinical blood test, a biochemical blood test, and the content of essential and conditionally essential elements in the hair were also determined. Results and Discussion. As a result, significant differences were revealed in the content of micro elements between the groups of patients: the content of copper (p = 0.013) and zinc (p = 0.000) in the hair examined of the first group was 1.4 lower than in the comparison group 2. The manganese content (p = 0.05), on the contrary, was also increased by 1.4 times in the hair of group 1 patients. Besides, leukocytosis was detected in the blood in patients with a history of alcohol and an increase in AST levels. Conclusion. The study showed an increase in the content of manganese and a decrease in the content of selenium, zinc and copper in the hair of patients with an alcoholic history. Diselementosis was accompanied by a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity, as well as leukocytosis and lymphocytosis. Such an imbalance of chemical elements, together with a changes of peripheral blood and an increase in the activity of ASaT, can be reflected on the period the timing and peculiarities of the course of the reparative process.
{"title":"Trace elements content in the hair of patients at the maxillofacial surgery department","authors":"M. T. Gedulyanov, E. Kiyaeva","doi":"10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-1-41-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-1-41-49","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The urgency of the problem of traumatism is constantly increasing, which is associated with an increase in road accidents, an increase in the number of interpersonal conflicts, the availability of firearms and cold steel weapon, etc. In addition, the proportion of victims with injuries of the maxillofacial region in a state of alcoholic intoxication is constantly growing. The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of trace elements in hospitalized patients with maxillofacial trauma, intoxicated, acute traumatic stress and the study of the effect of trauma on the balance of trace elements in patients of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery with various alcohol history. Materials and Methods. The study involved 30 male patients of the department of maxillofacial surgery of the Moscow city clinical F.I. Inozemtseva hospital located in the city of Moscow. All patients were joined to the department for trauma of the maxillofacial tract and were divided into two groups: 15 of them regularly took alcohol and were in a state of alcoholic intoxication at the time of injury (group 1), 15 - without alcohol history (comparison group 2). All patients carried a general clinical blood test, a biochemical blood test, and the content of essential and conditionally essential elements in the hair were also determined. Results and Discussion. As a result, significant differences were revealed in the content of micro elements between the groups of patients: the content of copper (p = 0.013) and zinc (p = 0.000) in the hair examined of the first group was 1.4 lower than in the comparison group 2. The manganese content (p = 0.05), on the contrary, was also increased by 1.4 times in the hair of group 1 patients. Besides, leukocytosis was detected in the blood in patients with a history of alcohol and an increase in AST levels. Conclusion. The study showed an increase in the content of manganese and a decrease in the content of selenium, zinc and copper in the hair of patients with an alcoholic history. Diselementosis was accompanied by a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity, as well as leukocytosis and lymphocytosis. Such an imbalance of chemical elements, together with a changes of peripheral blood and an increase in the activity of ASaT, can be reflected on the period the timing and peculiarities of the course of the reparative process.","PeriodicalId":21324,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42662386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-1-9-32
D. Atiakshin, A. Kostin, I. Trotsenko, V. V. Shishkina, M. Tiemann, I. Buchwalow
Carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3) is a specific protease of mast cells (MC) with variable expression and appears to be one of the preformed components of the secretome. CPA3 is involved in regulation of the state of a specifi tissue microenvironment and components of the integrative-buffer metabolic environment in adaptive and pathological processes; it affects implementation of the innate immunity, mechanisms of angiogenesis, processes of the extracellular matrix remodeling, etc. CPA3 identification using protocols of multiplex immunohistochemistry allows specifying details of the organ-specific mast cell population features, including the protease phenotype, mechanisms of biogenesis with cyto- and histotopographic criteria, and features of secretory pathways. Numerous biological effects of CPA3, including participation in the regulation of the pulmonary parenchyma and systemic blood flow, in biogenesis and remodeling of the fibrous component of the extracellular matrix, in epigenetic reprogramming, determine the importance of fundamental investigation of the biological activity and regulation of pathological processes of CPA3. Further studies will contribute to the detection of the true value of the mast cell CPA3 expression features as a prognostic factor and a promising molecular target for treatment of socially significant diseases.
{"title":"Carboxypeptidase A3 in the structure of the protease phenotype of mast cells: cytophysiological aspects","authors":"D. Atiakshin, A. Kostin, I. Trotsenko, V. V. Shishkina, M. Tiemann, I. Buchwalow","doi":"10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-1-9-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-1-9-32","url":null,"abstract":"Carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3) is a specific protease of mast cells (MC) with variable expression and appears to be one of the preformed components of the secretome. CPA3 is involved in regulation of the state of a specifi tissue microenvironment and components of the integrative-buffer metabolic environment in adaptive and pathological processes; it affects implementation of the innate immunity, mechanisms of angiogenesis, processes of the extracellular matrix remodeling, etc. CPA3 identification using protocols of multiplex immunohistochemistry allows specifying details of the organ-specific mast cell population features, including the protease phenotype, mechanisms of biogenesis with cyto- and histotopographic criteria, and features of secretory pathways. Numerous biological effects of CPA3, including participation in the regulation of the pulmonary parenchyma and systemic blood flow, in biogenesis and remodeling of the fibrous component of the extracellular matrix, in epigenetic reprogramming, determine the importance of fundamental investigation of the biological activity and regulation of pathological processes of CPA3. Further studies will contribute to the detection of the true value of the mast cell CPA3 expression features as a prognostic factor and a promising molecular target for treatment of socially significant diseases.","PeriodicalId":21324,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47804592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-2-157-169
R. Railianu, A. Botezatu, Vladislav V. Zvyagintsev, Olesea B. Grosul-Railianu
Relevance. Recently, much attention has been paid to the study of the role of various risk factors in the pathogenesis of herniation along the midline of the abdomen. The question of their interrelation with another equally important predictor of herniogenesis - connective tissue insufficiency remains understudied. The aim of the present study is to investigate the severity of connective tissue dysplasia and peculiarities of its interaction with other risk factors in different variants of midline abdominal herniotransformation. Materials and Methods. The examined group included 150 (89.2%) patients with postoperative median hernias of various sizes and 18 (10.8%) patients with primary hernias of the white line of the abdomen. In 12 (8%) cases, relapses of postoperative hernial protrusions were noted. In 12 (10.5 %) cases, relapses of postoperative hernial protrusions were noted. The surveyed group included 109 (64.8 %) women and 59 (35.2 %) men. Risk factors for median herniogenesis were evaluated in the opposite sense relative to the severity of connective tissue pathology. Results and Discussion. We evaluated the risk factors of median herniogenesis in the opposite value and direction with regard to the severity of connective tissue pathology in the observation groups. It was found out that the leading role in herniotransformation of the medial abdominal line belongs to the suppuration of postoperative medial wounds, relaparotomy and heavy physical load with the role efficiency of 66.6 %, 56.2 % and 54.5 % respectively. The lowest level of connective tissue dysplasia was observed in the groups where the risk factors of median herniogenesis were the age of patients, the presence of relaparotomy in the history and heavy physical activity. Only in the observation group, where pregnancy and childbirth in the anamnesis were the predictors, the patients with white line hernias had less severe connective tissue insufficiency by 27,9 % in comparison with the patients with postoperative median hernias. In patients with recurrent midline hernias in all risk factors, the severity of connective tissue dysplasia always reached the maximum score. Conclusion. At any predictor of hernia formation or their combined effect, the severity of connective tissue dysplasia always remained severe, which confirms one of the leading roles of connective tissue pathology in the formation of medial abdominal hernias.
{"title":"Cofactorial herniotransformation peculiarities of midline abdomen","authors":"R. Railianu, A. Botezatu, Vladislav V. Zvyagintsev, Olesea B. Grosul-Railianu","doi":"10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-2-157-169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-2-157-169","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Recently, much attention has been paid to the study of the role of various risk factors in the pathogenesis of herniation along the midline of the abdomen. The question of their interrelation with another equally important predictor of herniogenesis - connective tissue insufficiency remains understudied. The aim of the present study is to investigate the severity of connective tissue dysplasia and peculiarities of its interaction with other risk factors in different variants of midline abdominal herniotransformation. Materials and Methods. The examined group included 150 (89.2%) patients with postoperative median hernias of various sizes and 18 (10.8%) patients with primary hernias of the white line of the abdomen. In 12 (8%) cases, relapses of postoperative hernial protrusions were noted. In 12 (10.5 %) cases, relapses of postoperative hernial protrusions were noted. The surveyed group included 109 (64.8 %) women and 59 (35.2 %) men. Risk factors for median herniogenesis were evaluated in the opposite sense relative to the severity of connective tissue pathology. Results and Discussion. We evaluated the risk factors of median herniogenesis in the opposite value and direction with regard to the severity of connective tissue pathology in the observation groups. It was found out that the leading role in herniotransformation of the medial abdominal line belongs to the suppuration of postoperative medial wounds, relaparotomy and heavy physical load with the role efficiency of 66.6 %, 56.2 % and 54.5 % respectively. The lowest level of connective tissue dysplasia was observed in the groups where the risk factors of median herniogenesis were the age of patients, the presence of relaparotomy in the history and heavy physical activity. Only in the observation group, where pregnancy and childbirth in the anamnesis were the predictors, the patients with white line hernias had less severe connective tissue insufficiency by 27,9 % in comparison with the patients with postoperative median hernias. In patients with recurrent midline hernias in all risk factors, the severity of connective tissue dysplasia always reached the maximum score. Conclusion. At any predictor of hernia formation or their combined effect, the severity of connective tissue dysplasia always remained severe, which confirms one of the leading roles of connective tissue pathology in the formation of medial abdominal hernias.","PeriodicalId":21324,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68272253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-2-194-202
A. K. Azhikova, A. Yasenyavskaya, M. Samotrueva
Relevance. To date, burn injury remains a complex type of damage to skin tissues. Along with local destructive and dystrophic phenomena, systemic changes in the body are observed. The aim of the study was the experimental study of the immune reactivity of the body of nonlinear rats under conditions of “burn” stress formed as a result of contact thermal trauma. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out on non-linear male rats with an average mass of 220 gr. The functional activity of the immune system of laboratory animals was evaluated on the basis of standard tests assessing the adaptability of the immune system. Results and Discussion. In an experimental study, it was found that in the dynamics of burn injury in laboratory animals, variable changes in the body’s immune reactivity were observed at the level of the cellular and humoral links of immunity, which was manifested by a decrease in the WGST index and an increase in the following indicators - antibody titer, phagocytic index (FI), phagocytic number (FF), leukocytic coefficient and number of leukocytes. The increased content of stick-n uclear forms indicated the activation of granulocytopoiesis, which determined the deregenerative nuclear shift of neutrophil granulocytes to the left. Along with these changes, a decrease in the mass of immune organs (thymus and spleen) was observed, which can be explained by the expression of accidental involution caused by intoxication against the background of a thermal burn. Conclusion. Under conditions of “burn” stress, an immune imbalance occurs in the form of activation of some and suppression of other links at different observation times. Thus, during the burn process, systemic immune changes taking place at the body level have a multi-d irectional dynamic character, which indicates the adaptive capabilities of the immune system.
{"title":"Immune reactivity features in post-burn dynamics","authors":"A. K. Azhikova, A. Yasenyavskaya, M. Samotrueva","doi":"10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-2-194-202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-2-194-202","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. To date, burn injury remains a complex type of damage to skin tissues. Along with local destructive and dystrophic phenomena, systemic changes in the body are observed. The aim of the study was the experimental study of the immune reactivity of the body of nonlinear rats under conditions of “burn” stress formed as a result of contact thermal trauma. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out on non-linear male rats with an average mass of 220 gr. The functional activity of the immune system of laboratory animals was evaluated on the basis of standard tests assessing the adaptability of the immune system. Results and Discussion. In an experimental study, it was found that in the dynamics of burn injury in laboratory animals, variable changes in the body’s immune reactivity were observed at the level of the cellular and humoral links of immunity, which was manifested by a decrease in the WGST index and an increase in the following indicators - antibody titer, phagocytic index (FI), phagocytic number (FF), leukocytic coefficient and number of leukocytes. The increased content of stick-n uclear forms indicated the activation of granulocytopoiesis, which determined the deregenerative nuclear shift of neutrophil granulocytes to the left. Along with these changes, a decrease in the mass of immune organs (thymus and spleen) was observed, which can be explained by the expression of accidental involution caused by intoxication against the background of a thermal burn. Conclusion. Under conditions of “burn” stress, an immune imbalance occurs in the form of activation of some and suppression of other links at different observation times. Thus, during the burn process, systemic immune changes taking place at the body level have a multi-d irectional dynamic character, which indicates the adaptive capabilities of the immune system.","PeriodicalId":21324,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68272340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-2-203-212
A. Panova
The 20th century is the time of the birth of many scientific areas, including the physiology of the kidneys and water-salt metabolism. This article is devoted to the history of the development of one of its directions - the issue of regulation of sodium homeostasis in the body. This article is the first attempt in the Russianspeaking space to summarize the achievements in the study of sodium regulation. For many decades, scientists from different countries have studied the influence of various factors on sodium excretion: blood pressure, atrial peptides, hormones of the neurohypophysis and adrenal glands, renal nerves, infusion of various substances, etc. It was found that sodium excretion does not directly depend on changes in blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate. Atrial peptides causing natriuresis were discovered, their structure and mechanism of action were described in detail. The role of the hormones of the neurohypophysis - vasopressin and oxytocin - in the excretion of sodium, as well as the role of aldosterone and angiotensin II in the reabsorption of this cation was shown. It has been shown that the administration of hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride causes a greater natriuretic response than the administration of other substances (sodium sulfate and acetate, glucose, mannitol, etc.), and the idea of the existence of sodium-s ensitive receptors has also been put forward.
{"title":"Development of concepts on sodium regulation in XX century","authors":"A. Panova","doi":"10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-2-203-212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-2-203-212","url":null,"abstract":"The 20th century is the time of the birth of many scientific areas, including the physiology of the kidneys and water-salt metabolism. This article is devoted to the history of the development of one of its directions - the issue of regulation of sodium homeostasis in the body. This article is the first attempt in the Russianspeaking space to summarize the achievements in the study of sodium regulation. For many decades, scientists from different countries have studied the influence of various factors on sodium excretion: blood pressure, atrial peptides, hormones of the neurohypophysis and adrenal glands, renal nerves, infusion of various substances, etc. It was found that sodium excretion does not directly depend on changes in blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate. Atrial peptides causing natriuresis were discovered, their structure and mechanism of action were described in detail. The role of the hormones of the neurohypophysis - vasopressin and oxytocin - in the excretion of sodium, as well as the role of aldosterone and angiotensin II in the reabsorption of this cation was shown. It has been shown that the administration of hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride causes a greater natriuretic response than the administration of other substances (sodium sulfate and acetate, glucose, mannitol, etc.), and the idea of the existence of sodium-s ensitive receptors has also been put forward.","PeriodicalId":21324,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68272518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-2-117-128
Armenak Petrosyan, K. Egiazaryan, M. Panin, Andrey A. Ratyev, Omar A. Albawareed
In the more than century-long history of shoulder arthroplasty, scientists have gone from primitive ivory designs to high-tech implants made of rare metal alloys. Along the way, surgeons and inventors have faced challenges, made mistakes, and succeeded. This literature review reflects trends in the development of shoulder arthroplasty, evolutionary changes in endoprosthesis designs and principles of surgical treatment of shoulder pathology, from the late 19th century to the present. This paper details the stages of formation of the major modern philosophies of shoulder arthroplasty, such as those of Ch. Neer (anatomical prosthetics), P.M. Grammont (reversible prosthetics), and J. Zippel (surface prosthetics). In the 70s and 80s of the 20th century the components of shoulder prostheses as well as their fitting techniques continued to be improved from a biomechanical point of view. It was found that if the shoulder head and scapular component have different radii of curvature during arthroplasty, a shoulder-b lade mismatch is formed. A non-congruent joint (the radius of curvature of the head is smaller than the radius of curvature of the glenoid component) increases eccentric loads on the scapula joint implant, increases the risk of implant fracture, and reduces stability in the joint. However, such a joint allows reproduction of the natural gliding of the head. Restricting the required glide increases stress at the fixation site and can lead to loosening of the glenoid component. A number of studies have shown that a mismatch of more than 10 mm increases the risk of loosening and fractures of the scapular component, while a mismatch of 5-7 mm can be considered optimal, as it provides long-term survival of the glenoid component and the best reproduction of normal movements in the shoulder joint.
{"title":"Evolution of shoulder arthroplasty","authors":"Armenak Petrosyan, K. Egiazaryan, M. Panin, Andrey A. Ratyev, Omar A. Albawareed","doi":"10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-2-117-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-2-117-128","url":null,"abstract":"In the more than century-long history of shoulder arthroplasty, scientists have gone from primitive ivory designs to high-tech implants made of rare metal alloys. Along the way, surgeons and inventors have faced challenges, made mistakes, and succeeded. This literature review reflects trends in the development of shoulder arthroplasty, evolutionary changes in endoprosthesis designs and principles of surgical treatment of shoulder pathology, from the late 19th century to the present. This paper details the stages of formation of the major modern philosophies of shoulder arthroplasty, such as those of Ch. Neer (anatomical prosthetics), P.M. Grammont (reversible prosthetics), and J. Zippel (surface prosthetics). In the 70s and 80s of the 20th century the components of shoulder prostheses as well as their fitting techniques continued to be improved from a biomechanical point of view. It was found that if the shoulder head and scapular component have different radii of curvature during arthroplasty, a shoulder-b lade mismatch is formed. A non-congruent joint (the radius of curvature of the head is smaller than the radius of curvature of the glenoid component) increases eccentric loads on the scapula joint implant, increases the risk of implant fracture, and reduces stability in the joint. However, such a joint allows reproduction of the natural gliding of the head. Restricting the required glide increases stress at the fixation site and can lead to loosening of the glenoid component. A number of studies have shown that a mismatch of more than 10 mm increases the risk of loosening and fractures of the scapular component, while a mismatch of 5-7 mm can be considered optimal, as it provides long-term survival of the glenoid component and the best reproduction of normal movements in the shoulder joint.","PeriodicalId":21324,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68272552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-2-138-149
I. N. Schendrigin, Irina A. Podsvirova
Relevance. There is no doubt that microorganisms participate in occurrence and development of septic process in joints. However, the issue of etiological significance of each agent remains controversial, because, in spite of the general trends, indicating the participation of numerous microorganisms in the development of articular pathology, each result of microbiological analysis concerns only a specific case in the territorial and clinical aspects. The aim of the study - microbiological research of synovial fluid obtained from knee joint during synovitis after its aspiration in patients of various departments of the Stavropol Regional Clinical Hospital. Materials and Methods . There were studied 198 samples of synovial fluid. Primary inoculation of puncture was performed with subsequent isolation, identification of the cultures by mass spectrometry and assessment of their antibiotic sensitivity by discodiffusion method. Results and Discussion . 11 cultures of bacterial pathogens were isolated. Gram-positive cocci - 82 %, of which 77.8 % - microorganisms of Staphylococcus genus (44.4 % S.aureus , 33.4 % S.epidermidis ), 22.2 % - other gram-positive cocci: one strain of each, Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus mitis . Gram-negative pathogens are represented by K.neumoniae and P.aeruginosa with a total content of 18 %. Highly virulent microorganisms S.aureus , K.neumoniae and P.aeruginosa are isolated from the synovial fluid of patients of the surgical departments (orthopedotraumatological No. 1, No. 2) and the rheumatological department. Microorganisms with low virulence E.faecium , S.mitis and S.epidermidis are isolated from synovial fluid of patients of various departments. No obvious resistance of isolated pathogens to antimicrobial drugs has been registered. Conclusion . The presence and species affiliation of the microorganisms identified in synovial fluid allows predicting their etiological significance in development of septic process in joints. Their role as causative agents of nosocomial infections typical for a medical institution is not excluded. The presence of articular pathology in each of the examined departments dictates the need for a clear understanding of the importance of timely and high-quality joint aspiration followed by microbiological examination in almost all patients with damage of large joints, including patients without clinical signs of septic arthritis. Such an approach that makes it possible to identify a greater number of causative agents of septic arthritis and quickly evaluate the dynamics of their antimicrobial resistance should become an obligatory part of a comprehensive research and treatment of a patient with arthritis in multi-fi eld hospitals.
{"title":"Synovial microflora of large joints in patients of a multidisciplinary hospital","authors":"I. N. Schendrigin, Irina A. Podsvirova","doi":"10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-2-138-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-2-138-149","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. There is no doubt that microorganisms participate in occurrence and development of septic process in joints. However, the issue of etiological significance of each agent remains controversial, because, in spite of the general trends, indicating the participation of numerous microorganisms in the development of articular pathology, each result of microbiological analysis concerns only a specific case in the territorial and clinical aspects. The aim of the study - microbiological research of synovial fluid obtained from knee joint during synovitis after its aspiration in patients of various departments of the Stavropol Regional Clinical Hospital. Materials and Methods . There were studied 198 samples of synovial fluid. Primary inoculation of puncture was performed with subsequent isolation, identification of the cultures by mass spectrometry and assessment of their antibiotic sensitivity by discodiffusion method. Results and Discussion . 11 cultures of bacterial pathogens were isolated. Gram-positive cocci - 82 %, of which 77.8 % - microorganisms of Staphylococcus genus (44.4 % S.aureus , 33.4 % S.epidermidis ), 22.2 % - other gram-positive cocci: one strain of each, Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus mitis . Gram-negative pathogens are represented by K.neumoniae and P.aeruginosa with a total content of 18 %. Highly virulent microorganisms S.aureus , K.neumoniae and P.aeruginosa are isolated from the synovial fluid of patients of the surgical departments (orthopedotraumatological No. 1, No. 2) and the rheumatological department. Microorganisms with low virulence E.faecium , S.mitis and S.epidermidis are isolated from synovial fluid of patients of various departments. No obvious resistance of isolated pathogens to antimicrobial drugs has been registered. Conclusion . The presence and species affiliation of the microorganisms identified in synovial fluid allows predicting their etiological significance in development of septic process in joints. Their role as causative agents of nosocomial infections typical for a medical institution is not excluded. The presence of articular pathology in each of the examined departments dictates the need for a clear understanding of the importance of timely and high-quality joint aspiration followed by microbiological examination in almost all patients with damage of large joints, including patients without clinical signs of septic arthritis. Such an approach that makes it possible to identify a greater number of causative agents of septic arthritis and quickly evaluate the dynamics of their antimicrobial resistance should become an obligatory part of a comprehensive research and treatment of a patient with arthritis in multi-fi eld hospitals.","PeriodicalId":21324,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68272630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-2-180-187
T. A. Streltsova, Irina A. Chislova
Relevance. Currently, many ideas about the manifestation of emotions between people are changing, but kissing remains one of the most important forms of social interaction. There is a lot of information about the multitude of pathogens transmitted with kisses, however, most people are not aware of it. This topic is not paid enough attention to, both in society as a whole and among the youth audience. The aim of the study . This research aims to identify the degree of awareness among young people about the possibility of transmission of various microorganisms during kissing, as well as to determine the relevance of this problem . Materials and Methods. Analysis of scientific literature on microorganisms transmitted by contact of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity. The empirical method consisted of testing, which involved 140 people aged 16 to 25 years. The survey included six questions to assess the level of knowledge about infectious agents transmitted with kisses, as well as the relevance of this topic among young people. Results and Discussion. The survey reveals that 97 % of respondents know that the transmission of bacterial infection is possible with a kiss, while 57 % have heard about the danger of transmission of only some microorganisms or do not know about them at all. Every sixth participant of the survey (18 %) has personally encountered or knows from acquaintances that they have suffered from infectious diseases caused by kissing. 88 % of respondents believe that this topic is poorly covered in the media. It should be emphasized that 91.4 % of the respondents would like to learn more about this topic. An average of 65 % of respondents are interested in protectеtive factors of the oral cavity and potential pathogens of diseases of the upper respiratory tract’s mucous membranes, 56.4 % of young people would like to learn more the functioning of the oral immune system. Conclusion. The study has shown that the topic of infections’ transmission during kissing is relevant among young people. Since not enough attention is paid to this issue in the society, the amount of available information on this topic is rather little. The majority of respondents would like to learn more about the possible transmission of infectious diseases’ pathogens during kissing.
{"title":"Young people awareness about possibility of transmitting microorganisms by kissing","authors":"T. A. Streltsova, Irina A. Chislova","doi":"10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-2-180-187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-2-180-187","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Currently, many ideas about the manifestation of emotions between people are changing, but kissing remains one of the most important forms of social interaction. There is a lot of information about the multitude of pathogens transmitted with kisses, however, most people are not aware of it. This topic is not paid enough attention to, both in society as a whole and among the youth audience. The aim of the study . This research aims to identify the degree of awareness among young people about the possibility of transmission of various microorganisms during kissing, as well as to determine the relevance of this problem . Materials and Methods. Analysis of scientific literature on microorganisms transmitted by contact of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity. The empirical method consisted of testing, which involved 140 people aged 16 to 25 years. The survey included six questions to assess the level of knowledge about infectious agents transmitted with kisses, as well as the relevance of this topic among young people. Results and Discussion. The survey reveals that 97 % of respondents know that the transmission of bacterial infection is possible with a kiss, while 57 % have heard about the danger of transmission of only some microorganisms or do not know about them at all. Every sixth participant of the survey (18 %) has personally encountered or knows from acquaintances that they have suffered from infectious diseases caused by kissing. 88 % of respondents believe that this topic is poorly covered in the media. It should be emphasized that 91.4 % of the respondents would like to learn more about this topic. An average of 65 % of respondents are interested in protectеtive factors of the oral cavity and potential pathogens of diseases of the upper respiratory tract’s mucous membranes, 56.4 % of young people would like to learn more the functioning of the oral immune system. Conclusion. The study has shown that the topic of infections’ transmission during kissing is relevant among young people. Since not enough attention is paid to this issue in the society, the amount of available information on this topic is rather little. The majority of respondents would like to learn more about the possible transmission of infectious diseases’ pathogens during kissing.","PeriodicalId":21324,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68272293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-17DOI: 10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-4-271-281
L. Bockeria, V. Arakelyan, V. Papitashvili, Sh. Sh. Tsurtsumiya
Relevance . Treatment of diffuse lesions of the arteries of the lower extremities is often reduced to primary amputation at the hip level, since the healing of trophic ulcers is not guaranteed during arterial reconstruction. Profundoplasty without distal bypass surgery can be considered an alternative method. The aim of this study is to compare the long-term results of distal shunting and isolated profundoplasty in patients with diffuse lesions of the lower limb arteries and trophic ischemic ulcers. Materials and Methods . The study included 86 patients with diffuse lesions of the lower limb arteries. There were 52 (60.4%) men and 34 (39.6%) women. The average age was 67.3 16.8 years. All patients had diffuse lesions of the arteries below the pupar ligament, the state of the lower leg arteries was 5-8.5 points on the Rutherford scale, in all cases there were trophic ulcers. Group 1 included 48 patients who underwent reconstruction of the leg arteries. Group 2 consisted of 38 individuals who had limited intervention with endarcteriotomy from common femoral and deep femoral arteries. Results and Discussion . Amputations at the hip level were performed within a year in 11 (23.4%) patients of group 1 and in 3 (6.3%) patients within 30 days after surgery. Thus, 14 (29.7%) patients lost their limbs. A comparative analysis revealed that the group of patients with amputations had a more severe form of diabetes (p = 0.003), an outflow score on the Rutherford scale (p 0.001), and lower transcutaneous oxygen tension values before and after surgery. Within 12 months after the bypass surgery, the primary patency of the shunts was 65.9% (thrombosis occurred in 16 patients). Conclusion . The preservation of the limb in patients in our study by the end of 1 year after reconstruction is similar regardless of the reconstruction method. Given the minimal invasion during profundoplasty, this operation may be the method of choice for diffuse lesions of the arteries of the lower extremities.
{"title":"Long-term results of proximal and distal reconstructions in patients with lower limb arteries diffuse lesions and diabetes mellitus","authors":"L. Bockeria, V. Arakelyan, V. Papitashvili, Sh. Sh. Tsurtsumiya","doi":"10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-4-271-281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-4-271-281","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance . Treatment of diffuse lesions of the arteries of the lower extremities is often reduced to primary amputation at the hip level, since the healing of trophic ulcers is not guaranteed during arterial reconstruction. Profundoplasty without distal bypass surgery can be considered an alternative method. The aim of this study is to compare the long-term results of distal shunting and isolated profundoplasty in patients with diffuse lesions of the lower limb arteries and trophic ischemic ulcers. Materials and Methods . The study included 86 patients with diffuse lesions of the lower limb arteries. There were 52 (60.4%) men and 34 (39.6%) women. The average age was 67.3 16.8 years. All patients had diffuse lesions of the arteries below the pupar ligament, the state of the lower leg arteries was 5-8.5 points on the Rutherford scale, in all cases there were trophic ulcers. Group 1 included 48 patients who underwent reconstruction of the leg arteries. Group 2 consisted of 38 individuals who had limited intervention with endarcteriotomy from common femoral and deep femoral arteries. Results and Discussion . Amputations at the hip level were performed within a year in 11 (23.4%) patients of group 1 and in 3 (6.3%) patients within 30 days after surgery. Thus, 14 (29.7%) patients lost their limbs. A comparative analysis revealed that the group of patients with amputations had a more severe form of diabetes (p = 0.003), an outflow score on the Rutherford scale (p 0.001), and lower transcutaneous oxygen tension values before and after surgery. Within 12 months after the bypass surgery, the primary patency of the shunts was 65.9% (thrombosis occurred in 16 patients). Conclusion . The preservation of the limb in patients in our study by the end of 1 year after reconstruction is similar regardless of the reconstruction method. Given the minimal invasion during profundoplasty, this operation may be the method of choice for diffuse lesions of the arteries of the lower extremities.","PeriodicalId":21324,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43004412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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