When the novel coronavirus began spreading rapidly in New York City, pulmonary transplant patients were considered as one of the highest medically vulnerable patient populations It became a priority to devise a plan to safely provide quality care to patients, with as minimal exposure to the outside world as possible Utilizing a telemedicine system that was already in place, the program was able to be expanded to include all of our 77 transplanted patients who would track their vital signs and spirometry at home twice daily, while also having telemedicine visits with recent blood work with a member of our team This allowed other team members to provide care to COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized and mechanically ventilated Aim: This paper aims to demonstrate one way a successful pulmonary transplant program kept all patients safe from the novel coronavirus and demonstrates the success of social distancing and quarantining in an extremely vulnerable population Methods and Results: There were three main components that led to the success of this program during the first 10 weeks of the pandemic: (1) dividing our team to promote social distancing;(2) quarantining all patients and families;and (3) using the already-in-place home monitoring devices to monitor vital signs twice daily for all patients This frequent monitoring allowed us to track trends and provide treatment with as minimal exposure to the outside world as possible Conclusion: Early quarantine and early adaptation of utilizing telemedicine helped promote positive outcomes and decreased hospitalizations
{"title":"Protecting the patient with lung transplant during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, USA","authors":"V. Lamaina, C. Snodgrass, K. Sureau","doi":"10.24298/hedn.2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24298/hedn.2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"When the novel coronavirus began spreading rapidly in New York City, pulmonary transplant patients were considered as one of the highest medically vulnerable patient populations It became a priority to devise a plan to safely provide quality care to patients, with as minimal exposure to the outside world as possible Utilizing a telemedicine system that was already in place, the program was able to be expanded to include all of our 77 transplanted patients who would track their vital signs and spirometry at home twice daily, while also having telemedicine visits with recent blood work with a member of our team This allowed other team members to provide care to COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized and mechanically ventilated Aim: This paper aims to demonstrate one way a successful pulmonary transplant program kept all patients safe from the novel coronavirus and demonstrates the success of social distancing and quarantining in an extremely vulnerable population Methods and Results: There were three main components that led to the success of this program during the first 10 weeks of the pandemic: (1) dividing our team to promote social distancing;(2) quarantining all patients and families;and (3) using the already-in-place home monitoring devices to monitor vital signs twice daily for all patients This frequent monitoring allowed us to track trends and provide treatment with as minimal exposure to the outside world as possible Conclusion: Early quarantine and early adaptation of utilizing telemedicine helped promote positive outcomes and decreased hospitalizations","PeriodicalId":213689,"journal":{"name":"Health Emergency and Disaster Nursing","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127046047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hisao Nakai, Tomoya Itatani, Yoshie Nishioka, E. Hamada
Aim: A major earthquake is expected in Japan. Previous reports suggest that persons with mental health issues may not evacuate during earthquakes, owing to anxieties about living in evacuation centers. This study aimed to examine the disaster evacuation intentions and related factors of Support Office for Continuous Employment (SOCE)-registered persons with mental health problems living in areas at risk of earthquake damage. Methods: With the cooperation of the SOCE, this study recruited 52 persons with mental health problems. The K-DiPS Checklist was used to collect demographic and disaster-related information, and assessed preparedness for disaster, evacuation intention, problems with daily living owing to mental health problems and attention difficulties, necessity of support in case of emergency, and crisis management in an emergency. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between intention to evacuate and predictor variables including age, main disorder, and ability to imagine disease condition worsening. Results: A total of 31 (59.6%) participants were aware of the area’s disaster-related characteristics and vulnerability; 24 (46.2%) participants stated that they would want to evacuate if evacuation recommendations were issued. Those who knew about disaster-related characteristics and vulnerability expressed a wish to evacuate if they had evacuation assistance in the event of an evacuation recommendation issuance (OR = 7.71, 95% confidence intervals [1.76–33.76]). Conclusions: It may be possible to increase evacuation compliance in individuals unwilling to evacuate by offering information about the disaster-related characteristics and vulnerability of residential areas. Persons with mental health problems should receive more evacuation support.
{"title":"Disaster evacuation intentions of persons with mental health problems receiving employment support in Japan","authors":"Hisao Nakai, Tomoya Itatani, Yoshie Nishioka, E. Hamada","doi":"10.24298/hedn.2019-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24298/hedn.2019-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: A major earthquake is expected in Japan. Previous reports suggest that persons with mental health issues may not evacuate during earthquakes, owing to anxieties about living in evacuation centers. This study aimed to examine the disaster evacuation intentions and related factors of Support Office for Continuous Employment (SOCE)-registered persons with mental health problems living in areas at risk of earthquake damage. Methods: With the cooperation of the SOCE, this study recruited 52 persons with mental health problems. The K-DiPS Checklist was used to collect demographic and disaster-related information, and assessed preparedness for disaster, evacuation intention, problems with daily living owing to mental health problems and attention difficulties, necessity of support in case of emergency, and crisis management in an emergency. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between intention to evacuate and predictor variables including age, main disorder, and ability to imagine disease condition worsening. Results: A total of 31 (59.6%) participants were aware of the area’s disaster-related characteristics and vulnerability; 24 (46.2%) participants stated that they would want to evacuate if evacuation recommendations were issued. Those who knew about disaster-related characteristics and vulnerability expressed a wish to evacuate if they had evacuation assistance in the event of an evacuation recommendation issuance (OR = 7.71, 95% confidence intervals [1.76–33.76]). Conclusions: It may be possible to increase evacuation compliance in individuals unwilling to evacuate by offering information about the disaster-related characteristics and vulnerability of residential areas. Persons with mental health problems should receive more evacuation support.","PeriodicalId":213689,"journal":{"name":"Health Emergency and Disaster Nursing","volume":"34 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131775004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While the military battles of World War I struck fear into the hearts of millions, a dangerous enemy was silently killing thousands of soldiers. As Carol Byerly has written, a disease attacked Allied and German armies with “equal virulence, filling field hospitals and transport trains with weak, feverish men all along the Western Front.”1 This enemy, a deadly strain of the influenza virus, used the conditions of war to spread its tragic effects, claiming the lives of more soldiers than died on the battlefields of France.2 The disease spread in waves, mild at first in the Spring of 1918, and then, after it mutated to a deadly strain, resurging in the Fall of 1918. On the Western Front, an estimated 40% of soldiers suffered the effects of the influenza virus.3 Despite the devastating effects of the pandemic, however, government officials and military leaders argued that they could not stop the fighting “on account of Spanish or any other type of influenza.”4 Their denial only compounded the drastic effects of the disease in the military. American troop ships, carrying thousands of soldiers, continued to head to France. There the flu attacked at the height of the St. Mihiel and Meuse–Argonne offensives, wreaking havoc in the military camps and hospitals.5 Clearly, the fight against influenza paled in comparison to active warfare. The devastating effect of the pandemic was only realized after the conclusion of the war.
{"title":"The 1918 influenza pandemic on the western front: Disease in the Great War","authors":"H. Cahill","doi":"10.24298/hedn.2019-sp01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24298/hedn.2019-sp01","url":null,"abstract":"While the military battles of World War I struck fear into the hearts of millions, a dangerous enemy was silently killing thousands of soldiers. As Carol Byerly has written, a disease attacked Allied and German armies with “equal virulence, filling field hospitals and transport trains with weak, feverish men all along the Western Front.”1 This enemy, a deadly strain of the influenza virus, used the conditions of war to spread its tragic effects, claiming the lives of more soldiers than died on the battlefields of France.2 The disease spread in waves, mild at first in the Spring of 1918, and then, after it mutated to a deadly strain, resurging in the Fall of 1918. On the Western Front, an estimated 40% of soldiers suffered the effects of the influenza virus.3 Despite the devastating effects of the pandemic, however, government officials and military leaders argued that they could not stop the fighting “on account of Spanish or any other type of influenza.”4 Their denial only compounded the drastic effects of the disease in the military. American troop ships, carrying thousands of soldiers, continued to head to France. There the flu attacked at the height of the St. Mihiel and Meuse–Argonne offensives, wreaking havoc in the military camps and hospitals.5 Clearly, the fight against influenza paled in comparison to active warfare. The devastating effect of the pandemic was only realized after the conclusion of the war.","PeriodicalId":213689,"journal":{"name":"Health Emergency and Disaster Nursing","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134081045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
“Instead of the official meeting, let’s prepare a drama,” said the residents in Boukai-district, Akashi city, Hyogo, Japan, wanting to stage a drama that identifies and solves community issues. Through thinking, acting, and appreciating the drama, issues may be shared and solutions can be communally developed. A community drama will be prepared through the following process: 1. Analysis of issues that are highlighted through discussion in community meetings and questionnaire surveys. 2. Identification of local issues and desires. 3. Creation of scenes that incorporate residents’ desires. 4. Consideration of scenarios by residents and professionals (including doctors, healthcare workers, welfare workers, and city officers). 5. Practice within the dramatized setting over several months during which the relationships among local residents expand and the human network grows in the process of finding actors and practicing together. 6. Enactment of the drama, which will produce effects on people who play and watch the drama. 7. Realization of community desires that are included in the drama. The theme of 2018 was “Issues of elderly community members and preparation for disasters”. Residents of this district experienced the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster and utilized the lessons to create a community that is resilient against disasters. A self-appointed government chairperson who is part of the organizational committee of this event said “to build a community that is strong in the face of disasters, it is essential to make it safe and secure for its members to live in.” Prior to the drama, one of authors of this image essay presented a lecture on “Disaster preparedness for communities” (Fig. 1). The disaster preparedness stage drama included a scene of actual evacuation when a disaster occurred. Through the stage drama, the audience was asked questions on how to provide support during the evacuation of residents who needed help, such as those who use wheelchairs (Fig. 2). The stage drama also helped families decide on meeting places and contact methods prior to the occurrence of a disaster so that they can reunite. The establishment of networks and confirmation of the role of community members were proposed. Many residents, including elderly people, disabled people, and children practiced over several months and acted on stage. Due to the high number of parents who came to the venue to watch their children perform, residents who were from the child-rearing generation had ample opportunities to hone their disaster preparation skills (Fig. 3). These beneficial community stage dramas have been developing since 2000. An evacuation map was created
{"title":"Making a community drama for disaster preparedness","authors":"Sayaka Fujita, R. Sakashita","doi":"10.24298/HEDN.2019-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24298/HEDN.2019-0001","url":null,"abstract":"“Instead of the official meeting, let’s prepare a drama,” said the residents in Boukai-district, Akashi city, Hyogo, Japan, wanting to stage a drama that identifies and solves community issues. Through thinking, acting, and appreciating the drama, issues may be shared and solutions can be communally developed. A community drama will be prepared through the following process: 1. Analysis of issues that are highlighted through discussion in community meetings and questionnaire surveys. 2. Identification of local issues and desires. 3. Creation of scenes that incorporate residents’ desires. 4. Consideration of scenarios by residents and professionals (including doctors, healthcare workers, welfare workers, and city officers). 5. Practice within the dramatized setting over several months during which the relationships among local residents expand and the human network grows in the process of finding actors and practicing together. 6. Enactment of the drama, which will produce effects on people who play and watch the drama. 7. Realization of community desires that are included in the drama. The theme of 2018 was “Issues of elderly community members and preparation for disasters”. Residents of this district experienced the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster and utilized the lessons to create a community that is resilient against disasters. A self-appointed government chairperson who is part of the organizational committee of this event said “to build a community that is strong in the face of disasters, it is essential to make it safe and secure for its members to live in.” Prior to the drama, one of authors of this image essay presented a lecture on “Disaster preparedness for communities” (Fig. 1). The disaster preparedness stage drama included a scene of actual evacuation when a disaster occurred. Through the stage drama, the audience was asked questions on how to provide support during the evacuation of residents who needed help, such as those who use wheelchairs (Fig. 2). The stage drama also helped families decide on meeting places and contact methods prior to the occurrence of a disaster so that they can reunite. The establishment of networks and confirmation of the role of community members were proposed. Many residents, including elderly people, disabled people, and children practiced over several months and acted on stage. Due to the high number of parents who came to the venue to watch their children perform, residents who were from the child-rearing generation had ample opportunities to hone their disaster preparation skills (Fig. 3). These beneficial community stage dramas have been developing since 2000. An evacuation map was created","PeriodicalId":213689,"journal":{"name":"Health Emergency and Disaster Nursing","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124066561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: This study describes the practices and challenges of disaster nursing experienced by Japanese nurses who were sent to Nepal soon after the 2015 earthquake. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 nurses (eight women), with a mean age of 38.6 years (SD 7.3 years). The interview content was analyzed qualitatively and descriptively using content analysis. Results: Disaster nursing in Nepal included special content due to di ff erences in the disaster sites, environment, and languages. The targets for nursing practices were victims, team members, local medical institutions and support groups, and the local sta ff in Nepal. Nurses experienced challenges in providing appropriate care related to the local background, communicating with local patients and sta ff from other countries, and collaborating as a team. Nurses lacked information about local infections; the knowledge level and educational background of local midwives and nurses; the literacy rate; and social characteristics including the caste system, culture, and rules related to health care. Participants also experienced challenges using certain materials due to the high temperature and humid climate (e.g., wound dressings); however, they developed suitable substitutes. Some nurses had di ffi culty using Fahrenheit thermometers, as they were unfamiliar with the measurement system. Further, the management of heat stroke, infection, and food allergies was necessary. Conclusions: Major challenges for the Japanese nurses were the shortage of knowledge and skills related to the local background, communication, and team collaboration. These skills should be emphasized in training before deployment, and in basic disaster nursing education.
{"title":"Practices and challenges of disaster nursing for Japanese nurses sent to Nepal following the 2015 earthquake","authors":"S. Miura, A. Kondo, Yuki Takamura","doi":"10.24298/HEDN.2018-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24298/HEDN.2018-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study describes the practices and challenges of disaster nursing experienced by Japanese nurses who were sent to Nepal soon after the 2015 earthquake. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 nurses (eight women), with a mean age of 38.6 years (SD 7.3 years). The interview content was analyzed qualitatively and descriptively using content analysis. Results: Disaster nursing in Nepal included special content due to di ff erences in the disaster sites, environment, and languages. The targets for nursing practices were victims, team members, local medical institutions and support groups, and the local sta ff in Nepal. Nurses experienced challenges in providing appropriate care related to the local background, communicating with local patients and sta ff from other countries, and collaborating as a team. Nurses lacked information about local infections; the knowledge level and educational background of local midwives and nurses; the literacy rate; and social characteristics including the caste system, culture, and rules related to health care. Participants also experienced challenges using certain materials due to the high temperature and humid climate (e.g., wound dressings); however, they developed suitable substitutes. Some nurses had di ffi culty using Fahrenheit thermometers, as they were unfamiliar with the measurement system. Further, the management of heat stroke, infection, and food allergies was necessary. Conclusions: Major challenges for the Japanese nurses were the shortage of knowledge and skills related to the local background, communication, and team collaboration. These skills should be emphasized in training before deployment, and in basic disaster nursing education.","PeriodicalId":213689,"journal":{"name":"Health Emergency and Disaster Nursing","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127843909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kenneth Crotty, who was only eleven years old at the time of the influenza pandemic of 1918, recalled the terror and uncertainty that had spread across the country as a result of what at the time was known as the “Spanish flu.” Crotty, like millions of others across the world, experienced the effects of the flu firsthand: he was the church’s altar boy for over thirty masses for those who had died from the disease. Recalling those funerals, Crotty stated: “They’d have those monstrous big candles on the first six aisles+and I remember the heartbreak I felt when I saw that person lugged down the center aisle, down the steps, [and] packed into a small truck.” Crotty also had personal connections to the flu; both of his sisters became ill and were separated from him in an attempt to contain the illness.2 Crotty’s experience was not uncommon during the late Summer and Fall of 1918, as 500 million people, or onethird of the world’s population, became infected with influenza in what would become known as the most severe flu pandemic in modern history. In the United States, the flu first presented in military camps and then spread to almost every city in the country. One of these was the nation’s capital, Washington, D.C.3 The first death in Washington, D.C., was reported to be that of a thirty-year-old man named John Clore who died on September 21, 1918, at Sibley Hospital. More deaths were reported daily and by October 5, the average number of deaths was hovering around thirty each day.4 As the political and military center of the United States, the nation’s capital should have been prepared to contain the spread of a pandemic such as this one, at least in theory. After all, in addition to government officials, many of the country’s most talented military and civilian medical experts had offices there. The city was also home to the national headquarters of the American Red Cross—a place where public health officials, physicians, and nurses gathered to address issues related to the health needs of a nation at war. Indeed, the well-being of the entire country rested on the shoulders of those in the capital. But the situation was complicated, particularly because of the war in Europe. In 1918, Washington, D.C., was teaming with military personnel, clerical workers, and all manner of federal support staff. Boarding houses, offices, and hotels were overcrowded. Additionally, many of the workers were young and had little immunity to any flu virus; however, their robust immune systems, when activated, reacted violently to the disease when it attacked.5 Meanwhile, many physicians and nurses had volunteered to serve their country in the war, depleting the city of medical and nursing personnel. When the pandemic reached Washington in the late summer of 1918, health officials simply could not keep up with the rate at which the virus spread. The combination of the aggressive nature of the disease along with little knowledge about its etiology and treatment further
{"title":"Washington D.C. and the influenza outbreak of 1918","authors":"S. Alverson","doi":"10.24298/hedn.2019-sp04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24298/hedn.2019-sp04","url":null,"abstract":"Kenneth Crotty, who was only eleven years old at the time of the influenza pandemic of 1918, recalled the terror and uncertainty that had spread across the country as a result of what at the time was known as the “Spanish flu.” Crotty, like millions of others across the world, experienced the effects of the flu firsthand: he was the church’s altar boy for over thirty masses for those who had died from the disease. Recalling those funerals, Crotty stated: “They’d have those monstrous big candles on the first six aisles+and I remember the heartbreak I felt when I saw that person lugged down the center aisle, down the steps, [and] packed into a small truck.” Crotty also had personal connections to the flu; both of his sisters became ill and were separated from him in an attempt to contain the illness.2 Crotty’s experience was not uncommon during the late Summer and Fall of 1918, as 500 million people, or onethird of the world’s population, became infected with influenza in what would become known as the most severe flu pandemic in modern history. In the United States, the flu first presented in military camps and then spread to almost every city in the country. One of these was the nation’s capital, Washington, D.C.3 The first death in Washington, D.C., was reported to be that of a thirty-year-old man named John Clore who died on September 21, 1918, at Sibley Hospital. More deaths were reported daily and by October 5, the average number of deaths was hovering around thirty each day.4 As the political and military center of the United States, the nation’s capital should have been prepared to contain the spread of a pandemic such as this one, at least in theory. After all, in addition to government officials, many of the country’s most talented military and civilian medical experts had offices there. The city was also home to the national headquarters of the American Red Cross—a place where public health officials, physicians, and nurses gathered to address issues related to the health needs of a nation at war. Indeed, the well-being of the entire country rested on the shoulders of those in the capital. But the situation was complicated, particularly because of the war in Europe. In 1918, Washington, D.C., was teaming with military personnel, clerical workers, and all manner of federal support staff. Boarding houses, offices, and hotels were overcrowded. Additionally, many of the workers were young and had little immunity to any flu virus; however, their robust immune systems, when activated, reacted violently to the disease when it attacked.5 Meanwhile, many physicians and nurses had volunteered to serve their country in the war, depleting the city of medical and nursing personnel. When the pandemic reached Washington in the late summer of 1918, health officials simply could not keep up with the rate at which the virus spread. The combination of the aggressive nature of the disease along with little knowledge about its etiology and treatment further ","PeriodicalId":213689,"journal":{"name":"Health Emergency and Disaster Nursing","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131972850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the use of the “ Natural Disaster Preparedness Scale for Hospital Nursing Departments ” tool, before applying it in real health settings. Methods: The study subjects were representatives of nursing departments in hospitals across Japan and nursing managers in charge of disaster prevention and response within these hospitals. In this two-phased study, 5,093 hospitals were informed about the development of the Scale and invited to test it. Five months later, a questionnaire was sent to these hospitals by postal mail, to seek feedback on their use of the Scale. In the second phase, participants were invited to use an online version of the Scale and provide feedback about it. Results: Survey responses for Phase 1 were obtained from 1,366 hospitals (26.8%). The uptake of the Scale was extremely limited, with only 5.3% (n = 72) of the hospitals reporting having used it. Sixty-two out of 72 hospitals (86.1%) that had used the Scale answered they would like to use the Scale again. In Phase 2, the Scale was provided online. It was used 214 times by 186 hospitals, and the evaluation items were completed by 29 hospitals that used it frequently. Conclusions: Implementing systems in Japanese hospitals to measure how nurses prepare for disasters is a complex process. The majority of nurses in Japan remain to be convinced that their disaster preparedness can be measured by a validated Scale. Further education in Japan ’ s hospitals will be necessary to change these perspectives, given that nurses ’ preparation for such emergencies is mandated by law in their role as nurses in disaster base hospitals.
{"title":"Evaluation of the use of the “Natural Disaster Preparedness Scale for Hospital Nursing Departments” tool in Japan","authors":"Ayumi Nishigami","doi":"10.24298/HEDN.2017-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24298/HEDN.2017-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the use of the “ Natural Disaster Preparedness Scale for Hospital Nursing Departments ” tool, before applying it in real health settings. Methods: The study subjects were representatives of nursing departments in hospitals across Japan and nursing managers in charge of disaster prevention and response within these hospitals. In this two-phased study, 5,093 hospitals were informed about the development of the Scale and invited to test it. Five months later, a questionnaire was sent to these hospitals by postal mail, to seek feedback on their use of the Scale. In the second phase, participants were invited to use an online version of the Scale and provide feedback about it. Results: Survey responses for Phase 1 were obtained from 1,366 hospitals (26.8%). The uptake of the Scale was extremely limited, with only 5.3% (n = 72) of the hospitals reporting having used it. Sixty-two out of 72 hospitals (86.1%) that had used the Scale answered they would like to use the Scale again. In Phase 2, the Scale was provided online. It was used 214 times by 186 hospitals, and the evaluation items were completed by 29 hospitals that used it frequently. Conclusions: Implementing systems in Japanese hospitals to measure how nurses prepare for disasters is a complex process. The majority of nurses in Japan remain to be convinced that their disaster preparedness can be measured by a validated Scale. Further education in Japan ’ s hospitals will be necessary to change these perspectives, given that nurses ’ preparation for such emergencies is mandated by law in their role as nurses in disaster base hospitals.","PeriodicalId":213689,"journal":{"name":"Health Emergency and Disaster Nursing","volume":"961 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127037978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John (Jack) Williams was a fifteen-year-old boy living in Richmond, Virginia, and attending the Chamberlayne School for Boys when he faced death of the magnitude he described here. At Chamberlayne, an Episcopal boarding school, Williams was an outstanding student. Not only did he excel academically, Williams was also captain of the Chamberlayne Corps, a youth military training group; president of the Jackson Literary Society; and an active member of the Boy Scouts. Because of these activities, the school’s principal described Jack as being “endowed with gifts of no ordinary kind” and filled with “limitless possibilities.” However, it was Jack’s willingness to serve his community that ultimately led to his death during the 1918 flu pandemic. Against his parent’s wishes, Jack volunteered with his Boy Scout troop to transport sick flu patients from their homes to the newly established emergency hospital in John Marshall High School. That close contact with flu would prove fatal. Williams succumbed to the virus on October 11, 1918, and died on October 16—only five days later.1 As in other places, Richmond had no vaccines and no antibiotics to treat the secondary infections that accompanied the virus. Medical professionals and city officials could only rely on isolation, quarantine, general personal hygiene, and limited group gatherings. In an attempt to stop the spread of the highly contagious virus, health officials urged citizens to wear gauze masks in public. PLACE MATTERED
{"title":"The 1918 influenza outbreak in Richmond, Virginia, USA","authors":"M. Christian","doi":"10.24298/hedn.2019-sp05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24298/hedn.2019-sp05","url":null,"abstract":"John (Jack) Williams was a fifteen-year-old boy living in Richmond, Virginia, and attending the Chamberlayne School for Boys when he faced death of the magnitude he described here. At Chamberlayne, an Episcopal boarding school, Williams was an outstanding student. Not only did he excel academically, Williams was also captain of the Chamberlayne Corps, a youth military training group; president of the Jackson Literary Society; and an active member of the Boy Scouts. Because of these activities, the school’s principal described Jack as being “endowed with gifts of no ordinary kind” and filled with “limitless possibilities.” However, it was Jack’s willingness to serve his community that ultimately led to his death during the 1918 flu pandemic. Against his parent’s wishes, Jack volunteered with his Boy Scout troop to transport sick flu patients from their homes to the newly established emergency hospital in John Marshall High School. That close contact with flu would prove fatal. Williams succumbed to the virus on October 11, 1918, and died on October 16—only five days later.1 As in other places, Richmond had no vaccines and no antibiotics to treat the secondary infections that accompanied the virus. Medical professionals and city officials could only rely on isolation, quarantine, general personal hygiene, and limited group gatherings. In an attempt to stop the spread of the highly contagious virus, health officials urged citizens to wear gauze masks in public. PLACE MATTERED","PeriodicalId":213689,"journal":{"name":"Health Emergency and Disaster Nursing","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115008046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: To synthesize relevant literature speci fi c to disaster vulnerability of elderly and medically frail individuals in the USA and investigate the role of the public health nurse in mitigating the problem. Methods: Focused review of the literature, including peer-reviewed research, journal articles, news articles, education materials and reports from governmental and senior advocacy groups. Results: Disaster vulnerability of the elderly and the medically frail is related to sociodemographic factors such as advanced age, low socioeconomic status, female gender, low education and language barriers. The presence of chronic illnesses, de fi cits in mobility, cognitive, and sensory capacity, reliance on others and devices, lack of social support, and previous experience with disaster also contribute to their vulnerability. Conclusions: The elderly and the medically frail are highly vulnerable to the negative consequences of disaster. Implications for public health nursing practice before, during and after disaster, as well as nursing research, are highlighted.
{"title":"Disaster vulnerability of elderly and medically frail populations","authors":"Tara N Heagele, D. Pacquiao","doi":"10.24298/HEDN.2016-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24298/HEDN.2016-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To synthesize relevant literature speci fi c to disaster vulnerability of elderly and medically frail individuals in the USA and investigate the role of the public health nurse in mitigating the problem. Methods: Focused review of the literature, including peer-reviewed research, journal articles, news articles, education materials and reports from governmental and senior advocacy groups. Results: Disaster vulnerability of the elderly and the medically frail is related to sociodemographic factors such as advanced age, low socioeconomic status, female gender, low education and language barriers. The presence of chronic illnesses, de fi cits in mobility, cognitive, and sensory capacity, reliance on others and devices, lack of social support, and previous experience with disaster also contribute to their vulnerability. Conclusions: The elderly and the medically frail are highly vulnerable to the negative consequences of disaster. Implications for public health nursing practice before, during and after disaster, as well as nursing research, are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":213689,"journal":{"name":"Health Emergency and Disaster Nursing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130226754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Songwathana, W. Sae-Sia, Jintana Damkliang, C. Kongkamol
Aim: There are increasing numbers of vulnerable flood victims in Thailand, particularly those who require physical assistance with being transferred to safe community programs; however, training programs in safe handling techniques remain scarce. This Thai research intervention study is part of the development aimed at preparing community health leaders (CHLs) to transfer vulnerable groups of flood victims to safer areas during disasters. Methods: CHLs representing nine flooding areas of the Hat Yai Municipality (n = 37) participated in this study. All had taken part previously in an urban community development project. The safe patient transfer training course was developed by nurses and the outcome measures included: (1) knowledge about patient transfers; (2) skills in lifting and transferring; (3) the use of observation records; and (4) measuring ergonomic lifting techniques. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The results demonstrate that CHLs’ knowledge about safely transferring vulnerable groups of flood victims increased at the end of the program, compared to what is was in the beginning ( p < .01). In addition, compared to scores before the intervention, CHLs significantly increased their skills in safe ergonomic lifting techniques ( p < .01). Conclusion: Nurses can take an active role in improving their skills and the skills of community health workers in order to ensure safety for both vulnerable flood victims and volunteer groups when facing natural disasters.
{"title":"Preparing community health leaders to safely transfer vulnerable flood victims","authors":"P. Songwathana, W. Sae-Sia, Jintana Damkliang, C. Kongkamol","doi":"10.24298/HEDN.2017-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24298/HEDN.2017-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: There are increasing numbers of vulnerable flood victims in Thailand, particularly those who require physical assistance with being transferred to safe community programs; however, training programs in safe handling techniques remain scarce. This Thai research intervention study is part of the development aimed at preparing community health leaders (CHLs) to transfer vulnerable groups of flood victims to safer areas during disasters. Methods: CHLs representing nine flooding areas of the Hat Yai Municipality (n = 37) participated in this study. All had taken part previously in an urban community development project. The safe patient transfer training course was developed by nurses and the outcome measures included: (1) knowledge about patient transfers; (2) skills in lifting and transferring; (3) the use of observation records; and (4) measuring ergonomic lifting techniques. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The results demonstrate that CHLs’ knowledge about safely transferring vulnerable groups of flood victims increased at the end of the program, compared to what is was in the beginning ( p < .01). In addition, compared to scores before the intervention, CHLs significantly increased their skills in safe ergonomic lifting techniques ( p < .01). Conclusion: Nurses can take an active role in improving their skills and the skills of community health workers in order to ensure safety for both vulnerable flood victims and volunteer groups when facing natural disasters.","PeriodicalId":213689,"journal":{"name":"Health Emergency and Disaster Nursing","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132786324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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