Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal最新文献

Objectives: This study examined the effect of maturation on parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) response from rest to light- to moderate-intensity exercise and recovery from maximal exercise in pre- (n = 10; maturity offset = -3.0 ± 1.2 years; age = 10.1 ± 1.9 years), mid- (n = 9; maturity offset = -0.1 ± 0.6 years; age = 13.7 ± 1.0 years), and postpubertal (n = 10; maturity offset = 1.9 ± 0.6 years; age = 15.6 ± 1.2 years) boys and men (n = 10; age = 24.1 ± 2.0 years).

Design: Participants completed seated rest, light-intensity exercise (50% HR_max), and moderate-intensity exercise (65% HR_max). Following moderate-intensity exercise, intensity was ramped to elicit maximal HR and followed by 25 min of seated recovery. Log transformed values for root mean square of successive differences (lnRMSSD), high-frequency power (lnHF) and normalized HF power (lnHFnu) assessed PNS modulation during 3 min of rest, light-intensity exercise, moderate-intensity exercise, and 3-min epochs throughout recovery.

Results: During light-intensity exercise, lnRMSSD and lnHF were greater in prepubertal (lnRMSSD = 3.4 ± 0.3 ms; lnHF = 5.4 ± 0.7 ms²) compared to men (lnRMSSD = 2.8 ± 0.5 ms; lnHF = 4.0 ± 0.9 ms²). During moderate-intensity exercise, lnHF differed between prepubertal and men (2.8 ± 1.0 vs. 1.4 ± 1.0 ms²). During recovery, HRV variables were greater in prepubertal compared to postpubertal and men.

Conclusions: Prepubertal boys have reduced PNS withdrawal during light-intensity exercise and greater PNS reactivation following exercise.

Objectives: Christmas holidays have been associated with the highest incidence of myocardial infarction (MI). We wanted to assess possible triggers of MI during Christmas. Design: A nationwide, retrospective postal survey with case-control design. All individuals suffering an MI during the Christmas holidays 2018 and 2019 in Sweden were identified through the SWEDEHEART registry and a control group matched in age and gender with chronic coronary syndrome who did not seek medical attention during Christmas were asked for participation. Subjects completed a questionnaire asking them to rate 27 potential MI-triggers as having occurred more or less than usual. Results: A total of 189 patients suffering an MI on Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, or Boxing Day, and 157 patients in the control group responded to the questionnaire, representing response rates of 66% and 62%, respectively. Patients with MI on Christmas experienced more stress (37% vs. 21%, p = .002), depression (21% vs. 11%, p = .024), and worry (26% vs. 10%, p < .001) compared to the control group. The food and sweets consumption was increased in both groups, but to a greater extent in the control group (33% vs. 50%, p = .002 and 32% vs. 43%, p = .031). There were no increases in quarrels, anger, economic worries, or reduced compliance with medication. Conclusions: Patients suffering MI on Christmas holiday experienced higher levels of stress and emotional distress compared to patients with chronic coronary syndrome, possibly contributing to the phenomenon of holiday heart attack. Understanding what factors increase the number of MI on Christmas may help reduce the excess number of MIs and cardiovascular burden.

Previous reports of an association between handgrip strength (HGS) and the risk of hypertension have utilized cross-sectional designs. We aimed to assess the prospective association between HGS and hypertension risk in a general population. Handgrip strength was assessed at baseline in 463 Finnish men and women aged 61-73 years. Handgrip strength was normalized (HGS/body weight^2/3). After 16 years median follow-up, 110 hypertension cases occurred. Comparing the extreme tertiles of normalized HGS, the multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) for hypertension was 0.63 (0.38-1.04). Previous evidence of associations may have been driven by study design limitations such as lack of temporality.

Introduction. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has widely become the first-line option in the treatment of deep sternal wound infections. After several positive reports in comparison with conventional treatment, very recent studies comparing NPWT with early reconstruction have favored the latter. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of NPWT in comparison with early flap reconstruction. Materials and methods. We concluded a retrospective analysis of 125 patients with deep sternal wound infection treated in a single institution between the years 2006 and 2018. NPWT became the first-line treatment in our hospital in 2011. The study group consisted of 55 patients treated primarily with NPWT with or without subsequent flap reconstruction. The control group consisted of 60 patients treated with flap reconstruction without prior NPWT. Ten patients with an immediate re-fixation and direct wound closure were excluded. Results. There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning the type or urgency of the original open-heart surgery, age, gender, or co-morbidities. In the NPWT group there was significantly higher mortality (p = .002), longer stay in the intensive care unit (p = .028), and in the university hospital (p < .001) as well as higher number of operations (p < .001). However, there were somewhat more surgical complications in the control group as well as a higher number of distant flap reconstructions. Overall, five patients suffered from NPWT associated bleeding. Conclusion. Our results raise concerns about the wide use of NPWT as a first-line treatment of deep sternal wound infections. Further evaluative studies are warranted to confirm the results.

Ambient temperature can affect the survival rate of humans. Studies have shown a relationship between ambient temperature and mortality rate in hot and cold environments. This effect of ambient temperature on mortality seems to be more pronounced in older people. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of thermal stress on cardiovascular mortality and the associated relative risk per degree Celsius in Greek individuals ≥70 years old. Mortality data 1999-2012 were matched with the midday temperature. The present study found a higher circulatory mortality when ambient temperature is below or above the temperature range 6 to 39 °C.

Objectives. Galectin-3 (gal-3) is a mediator of extracellular matrix metabolism and reflects an ongoing cardiac fibrotic process. The aim of this study was to determine the potential use of gal-3 in evaluating the structural and functional parameters of the right ventricle as determined by echocardiography. Design. Ninety-one patients undergoing routine echocardiography were prospectively enrolled in this monocentric study. Serum samples for gal-3 and aminoterminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were collected within 24 h of echocardiographic examination. Patients were arbitrarily divided into subgroups based on right ventricular function as measured by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and these included TAPSE >24 mm (n = 23); TAPSE 18-24 mm (n = 55); TAPSE ≤17 mm (n = 13); permitting the detailed statistical analysis of derived data. Results. Serum levels of gal-3 in all patients correlated with age (r = 0.36. p < .001), creatinine (r = 0.60, p < .001), NT-proBNP (r = 0.53, p < .001), RA area (r = 0.38, p < .001) and TAPSE (r = -0.3. p < .01). The distribution of echocardiographic indices according to TAPSE subgroups revealed an association between gal-3 and its ability to identify patients with right ventricular failure (RVF) as diagnosed by a TAPSE ≤17 mm (r = 0.04, p < .001). The multivariable logistic regression model with adjusted odds ratio showed the ability of gal-3 to identify RVF when adjusted to age and gender (adjusted odds ratio 3.60, 95% CI 1.055-12.282, p < .05). Conclusion. Gal-3 correlated with echocardiographic indices of RVF and could effectively diagnose these patients. The supplementary use of NT-proBNP strengthened the diagnostic capability of each biomarker. Trial Registration: The 'Cardiovascular Imaging and Biomarker Analyses' (CIBER Study), clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03074253. Registered 3/8/2017. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03074253.

Introduction. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of birth defect today. The adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) population is constantly growing and becoming older and more patients require cardiac surgery. The objective of this study was to review the surgical outcome of the open heart procedures performed on ACHD patients in the last 10 years at Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SUH) through a retrospective descriptive cohort study. Methods. A retrospective data collection was performed for 421 patients who underwent a total of 439 surgical procedures between 2009 and 2018 at the Cardiothoracic department in SUH. The primary outcomes were early (<30 days) and late survival. Secondary outcomes were postoperative complications and independent risk factors for postoperative complications. Results. 30-day mortality was 1.9%. Long-term survival after 3, 5 and 10 years were 96% ± 1, 94.3% ± 1.3 and 92.4% ± 1.8. 82 major complications occurred after 46 procedures (11.6%). The most common major complication was re-exploration due to hemorrhage. Risk factors for major complications were acute surgery and prolonged extracorporeal circulation time. 173 minor complications occurred after 90 procedures (22.5%). The most common minor complication was prolonged intensive care unit stay (>48 h). Conclusion. This study presents satisfactory early and midterm survival. The survival and frequency of major postoperative complications are well in line with what other studies have presented. Patients undergoing resternotomies had no increased risk for mortality or postoperative complications.

Objectives. To examine the acute effect of a maximal aerobic exercise effort on aortic, peripheral arterial stiffness and cardiovagal modulation of trained and untrained patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Design. Cross-sectional study. Methods. Eighteen untrained patients with CAD, 18 trained patients with CAD, and 18 apparently healthy trained subjects were sampled and matched for age and body mass index. Aortic and peripheral stiffness were measured by applanation tonometry estimates of carotid-femoral (cfPWV), carotid-radial (crPWV), and carotid-dorsalis pedis pulse wave velocity (cdPWV), respectively. Cardiovagal modulation was assessed by heart-rate variability (HRV) indices including the standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals (SDNN), root-mean-square of successive differences (RMSSD), and the high-frequency power band (HF). cfPWV, crPWV, cdPWV, and HRV indices were measured at rest, 10 and 30 min following a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Results. No differences were observed between groups at rest nor over time in indices of HRV, cfPWV and cdPWV. Still, main effects of time were observed in cfPWV (p < .001; ɳ² = 0.313) and cdPWV (p = .003, ɳ² = 0.111), RMSSD (p < .001, ɳ² = 0.352), HF (p < .001, ɳ² = 0.265) and LF/HF (p = .001, ɳ² = 0.239), as cdPWV, RMSSD, and HF were reduced 10 min following exercise, whereas cfPWV and LF/HF were increased. Changes in cPP were associated with changes in HRV from rest to min 10 (HF, r = 0.302), and to min 30 (HF, r = 0.377; SDNN, r = 0.357; RMSSD, r = 0.429). Conclusion. Training level and CAD do not seem to influence arterial stiffness and cardiac autonomic responses to maximal exercise.

Background. Glucose is emerging as a biomarker for early and safe rule-out of acute myocardial infarction in emergency department (ED) chest pain patients. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of dual testing with high sensitivity TnT (hs-cTnT) and glucose for prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) within 30 days. Methods. This was a secondary analysis of a single-center prospective observational study of 1167 ED chest-pain patients with hs-cTnT and glucose testing at presentation (0 h), and hs-cTnT 1 h later. We tested the addition of glucose <5.6 mmol/L to three MACE rule-out strategies: hs-cTnT <5 ng/L, ≤14 ng/L or a 0 h/1h algorithm, i.e. initial hs-cTnT <12 ng/L with a 1 h change of <3 ng/L. We also tested the addition of glucose ≥11mmol/L to three rule-in strategies: hs-cTnT ≥52 ng/L, a 1 h change ≥5 ng/L or hs-cTnT >14 ng/L. The outcomes were 30-day MACE and 30-day MACE without UA. Results. Two dual-testing approaches reached our target NPV for rule-out: A 0 h hs-cTnT ≤14 ng/L and glucose <5.6 mmol/L identified 252 patients (24.4%) with a 98.8% NPV for 30-day MACE and 99.6% for MACE without UA. The 0 h/1h hs-cTnT algorithm combined with glucose identified 240 patients (23.2%) with a 99.2% NPV for 30-day MACE and 100.0% for MACE without UA. No dual rule-in strategy performed better than using hs-cTnT alone. Conclusions. A combination of hs-cTnT and blood glucose at presentation can be used to identify almost ¼ of ED chest pain patients with a very low risk of 30-day MACE where further testing is not needed. Adding glucose did not improve the rule-in of 30-day MACE.

Objectives: Several cardiovascular, structural, and functional abnormalities have been considered as potential causes of cardioembolic ischemic strokes. Beyond atrial fibrillation, other sources of embolism clearly exist and may warrant urgent action, but they are only a minor part of the many stroke mechanisms and strokes that seem to be of embolic origin remain without a determined source. The associations between stroke and findings like atrial fibrillation, valve calcification, or heart failure are confounded by co-existing risk factors for atherosclerosis and vascular disease. In addition, a patent foramen ovale which is a common abnormality in the general population is mostly an innocent bystander in patients with ischemic stroke. For these reasons, experts from the national Danish societies of cardiology, neurology, stroke, and neuroradiology sought to develop a consensus document to provide national recommendations on how to manage patients with a suspected cardioembolic stroke. Design: Comprehensive literature search and analyses were done by a panel of experts and presented at a consensus meeting. Evidence supporting each subject was vetted by open discussion and statements were adjusted thereafter. Results: The most common sources of embolic stroke were identified, and the statement provides advise on how neurologist can identify cases that need referral, and what is expected by the cardiologist. Conclusions: A primary neurological and neuroradiological assessment is mandatory and neurovascular specialists should manage the initiation of secondary prophylactic treatment. If a cardioembolic stroke is suspected, a dedicated cardiologist experienced in the management of cardioembolism should provide a tailored clinical and echocardiographic assessment.