Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.21303/2504-5695.2020.001542
N. Yushchenko, U. Kuzmyk, O. Kochubei-Lytvynenko, O. Yatsenko, Tatiana Belemets
It is urgent to develop a technology of cream-soups, allowing to widen possibilities of combining vegetable components and to give dishes with original taste-aromatic characteristics. The main quality characteristic of soups-purees is a homogenous consistence. That is why for substantiating technological parameters of non-fried buckwheat groats preparation, an influence of boiling and preliminary soaking duration on structural-mechanical properties of the mixture has been studied. Rational technological parameters of non-fried buckwheat groats preparation have been determined: groats and water ratio – 1:7, preparation temperature (90 ± 2) °С, process duration 15min with preliminary hydration for 4 hours. The effectiveness of using non-fried buckwheat groats in the composition of dishes in amount 8.0 % has been proved, and spices compositions for first dishes have been developed: fragrant pepper, cumin, rosemary in ratio 1: 0.6: 0.4
{"title":"Prospects of Using Non-Fried Buckwheat Groats in First Dishes Technology","authors":"N. Yushchenko, U. Kuzmyk, O. Kochubei-Lytvynenko, O. Yatsenko, Tatiana Belemets","doi":"10.21303/2504-5695.2020.001542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2020.001542","url":null,"abstract":"It is urgent to develop a technology of cream-soups, allowing to widen possibilities of combining vegetable components and to give dishes with original taste-aromatic characteristics. \u0000The main quality characteristic of soups-purees is a homogenous consistence. That is why for substantiating technological parameters of non-fried buckwheat groats preparation, an influence of boiling and preliminary soaking duration on structural-mechanical properties of the mixture has been studied. Rational technological parameters of non-fried buckwheat groats preparation have been determined: groats and water ratio – 1:7, preparation temperature (90 ± 2) °С, process duration 15min with preliminary hydration for 4 hours. \u0000The effectiveness of using non-fried buckwheat groats in the composition of dishes in amount 8.0 % has been proved, and spices compositions for first dishes have been developed: fragrant pepper, cumin, rosemary in ratio 1: 0.6: 0.4","PeriodicalId":213853,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Cereals & Cereal Products (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116886716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nitrogen, Potassium and Phosphorous (NPK) are important macro nutrients which are essential for improving the morphological and physiological characteristics of crops. Application of NPK fertilizers to rice (Oryza Sativa L.) crops plays a significant role in enhancing the yield and growth attributes of rice such as an increase in grains, large number of spikelets per panicle, biomass weight, straw yield and nutrient concentration.
{"title":"Response of Morphological and Physiological Characteristics Of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) to Inorganic Fertilizer (Npk) Application: A Review","authors":"Bubarai M. L., S. N.","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3125262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3125262","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen, Potassium and Phosphorous (NPK) are important macro nutrients which are essential for improving the morphological and physiological characteristics of crops. Application of NPK fertilizers to rice (Oryza Sativa L.) crops plays a significant role in enhancing the yield and growth attributes of rice such as an increase in grains, large number of spikelets per panicle, biomass weight, straw yield and nutrient concentration.","PeriodicalId":213853,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Cereals & Cereal Products (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114063029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper provides a general overview of the current status and key challenges of the Ethiopian wheat value chain. Wheat is an important staple food crop in Ethiopia. Improving wheat production and productivity is therefore a key part of the agenda in the Ethiopian government’s food security policy programs. Policy interventions that aim at improving wheat production or agricultural production for that matter, however, require interventions beyond the farm—at the whole wheat value chain. Both domestic production and import—the two key sources of wheat grain supply to the Ethiopian wheat value chain—have shown a substantial increase since the mid-1990s. Yet, a steady increase in domestic wheat consumption has resulted in rising wheat and wheat product prices over the past two decades. For instance, wheat grain, wheat flour as well as wheat bread prices have all more than doubled between 2000 and 2013. Using a qualitative survey of selected wheat value chain actors and a review of existing literature, this study provides an overview of the wheat value chain, institutional and marketing arrangements, and trader behaviour of wheat value chain actors in Ethiopia. The wheat value chain consists of multiple actors that include several smallholder farmers and the Ethiopian grain trade enterprise (EGTE) at the upstream and urban and rural consumers at the other end. The study stresses the need for formulation of market-enhancing policies, such as quality control and dispute settlement mechanisms as well as better access to market information, to improve wheat productivity as well as marketing efficiency.
{"title":"The Wheat Sector in Ethiopia: Current Status and Key Challenges for Future Value Chain Development","authors":"S. Gebreselassié, Mekbib G. Haile, M. Kalkuhl","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3013041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3013041","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a general overview of the current status and key challenges of the Ethiopian wheat value chain. Wheat is an important staple food crop in Ethiopia. Improving wheat production and productivity is therefore a key part of the agenda in the Ethiopian government’s food security policy programs. Policy interventions that aim at improving wheat production or agricultural production for that matter, however, require interventions beyond the farm—at the whole wheat value chain. Both domestic production and import—the two key sources of wheat grain supply to the Ethiopian wheat value chain—have shown a substantial increase since the mid-1990s. Yet, a steady increase in domestic wheat consumption has resulted in rising wheat and wheat product prices over the past two decades. For instance, wheat grain, wheat flour as well as wheat bread prices have all more than doubled between 2000 and 2013. Using a qualitative survey of selected wheat value chain actors and a review of existing literature, this study provides an overview of the wheat value chain, institutional and marketing arrangements, and trader behaviour of wheat value chain actors in Ethiopia. The wheat value chain consists of multiple actors that include several smallholder farmers and the Ethiopian grain trade enterprise (EGTE) at the upstream and urban and rural consumers at the other end. The study stresses the need for formulation of market-enhancing policies, such as quality control and dispute settlement mechanisms as well as better access to market information, to improve wheat productivity as well as marketing efficiency.","PeriodicalId":213853,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Cereals & Cereal Products (Topic)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115345981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abhay Kumar, R. Singh, Krishna M. Singh, Anjani Kumar
Migration has been a recurrent phenomenon since the dawn of human history. Though its form has changed but it remains a dominant event in the global social system. In modern days also people migrate from underdeveloped areas to the developed ones in search of better opportunities. A number of social, cultural, economic, spatial, climatic, demographic factors induce migration, however, the economic factors are considered as the primary reasons for inducing migration. Migration of male labour force from Bihar has increased during last two decades. It was observed that the youngsters are more prone to migration and most of them are migrating to urban centers for non-farm work. Migration helped more rational use of two critical inputs, labour and irrigation in rice production on migrant households. The migration seems to have helped in judicious use of human labour at native place due to migration of surplus labour force for gainful employment to destination of migration. Remittances have been utilized for meeting consumption needs, improved livelihood, better education to children and better health care facilities. Migrant households also preferred to save money to meet their requirements in unforeseen situations. It can thus be inferred that migration may be one of risk-coping strategies for the weaker sections of the society and has inculcated the saving habits among migrant households. The allocation of remittances on agricultural inputs could have increased if proper infrastructure facilities were present in rural areas for faster dissemination of modern agricultural technology for increasing agricultural production. Analysis of determinants of migration revealed that a male member of lower caste with larger size of land and larger number of dependents is more prone to migration in Bihar. The caste barrier for migration has weakened but still persists; however, size of farm is no more taboo for migration.
{"title":"Labour Out Migration from Rice Based Cropping System: A Case of Bihar, India","authors":"Abhay Kumar, R. Singh, Krishna M. Singh, Anjani Kumar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2502472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2502472","url":null,"abstract":"Migration has been a recurrent phenomenon since the dawn of human history. Though its form has changed but it remains a dominant event in the global social system. In modern days also people migrate from underdeveloped areas to the developed ones in search of better opportunities. A number of social, cultural, economic, spatial, climatic, demographic factors induce migration, however, the economic factors are considered as the primary reasons for inducing migration. Migration of male labour force from Bihar has increased during last two decades. It was observed that the youngsters are more prone to migration and most of them are migrating to urban centers for non-farm work. Migration helped more rational use of two critical inputs, labour and irrigation in rice production on migrant households. The migration seems to have helped in judicious use of human labour at native place due to migration of surplus labour force for gainful employment to destination of migration. Remittances have been utilized for meeting consumption needs, improved livelihood, better education to children and better health care facilities. Migrant households also preferred to save money to meet their requirements in unforeseen situations. It can thus be inferred that migration may be one of risk-coping strategies for the weaker sections of the society and has inculcated the saving habits among migrant households. The allocation of remittances on agricultural inputs could have increased if proper infrastructure facilities were present in rural areas for faster dissemination of modern agricultural technology for increasing agricultural production. Analysis of determinants of migration revealed that a male member of lower caste with larger size of land and larger number of dependents is more prone to migration in Bihar. The caste barrier for migration has weakened but still persists; however, size of farm is no more taboo for migration.","PeriodicalId":213853,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Cereals & Cereal Products (Topic)","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133953832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Corn prices increased sharply in the summer of 2012 due to expected production shortfalls in the United States, which produces roughly 40% of the world's corn. A heat wave in July adversely affected corn production. We extend earlier statistical models of county-level corn yields in the Eastern United States by allowing the effect of various weather measures to vary in a flexible manner over the growing season: Extreme heat is especially harmful around a third into the growing season. This is the time when the 2012 heat wave hit the Corn Belt. Our model predicts 2012 corn yields will be 23% below trend. While extreme heat was significantly above normal, climate change scenarios suggest that the 2012 outcomes will soon be the new normal.
{"title":"Corn Production Shocks in 2012 and Beyond: Implications for Food Price Volatility","authors":"Steven T. Berry, M. Roberts, W. Schlenker","doi":"10.3386/W18659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W18659","url":null,"abstract":"Corn prices increased sharply in the summer of 2012 due to expected production shortfalls in the United States, which produces roughly 40% of the world's corn. A heat wave in July adversely affected corn production. We extend earlier statistical models of county-level corn yields in the Eastern United States by allowing the effect of various weather measures to vary in a flexible manner over the growing season: Extreme heat is especially harmful around a third into the growing season. This is the time when the 2012 heat wave hit the Corn Belt. Our model predicts 2012 corn yields will be 23% below trend. While extreme heat was significantly above normal, climate change scenarios suggest that the 2012 outcomes will soon be the new normal.","PeriodicalId":213853,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Cereals & Cereal Products (Topic)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126837138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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