Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.10.010
M. Michael Sathekge MD, PhD, Kirsten Bouchelouche MD, DMSc
{"title":"Letter From the Editors","authors":"M. Michael Sathekge MD, PhD, Kirsten Bouchelouche MD, DMSc","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 775-777"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.10.002
Nan Yang PhD , Xiao-yi Guo PhD , Jin Ding PhD, Feng Wang PhD, Te-li Liu PhD, Hua Zhu MD, PhD , Zhi Yang MD, PhD
Positron emission tomography (PET) as an advanced noninvasive imaging technique, provides unprecedented insights into the study of physiological and biochemical processes in vivo. Copper-64 (64Cu) has a ideal half-life of 12.7 hours, with β+ and β-dual decay modes and abundant coordination chemistry, enabling the development of a wide variety of radiopharmaceuticals for PET imaging and radionuclide therapy.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in Copper-64 (64Cu)-based PET radionuclides, covering their production, radiolabeling strategies, and clinical applications. It highlights the role of 64Cu-PET in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes across various tumor types. Additionally, future research directions and the evolving clinical applications of 64Cu-based radiopharmaceuticals are discussed, offering insights into their potential impact on clinical practice.
正电子发射断层扫描（PET）作为一种先进的无创成像技术，为研究体内生理和生化过程提供了前所未有的洞察力。铜-64（64Cu）的理想半衰期为 12.7 小时，具有 β+ 和 β 双衰变模式和丰富的配位化学性质，能够开发出多种用于 PET 成像和放射性核素治疗的放射性药物。本综述全面概述了以铜-64（64Cu）为基础的 PET 放射性核素的最新进展，包括其生产、放射性标记策略和临床应用。它强调了 64Cu-PET 在提高各种肿瘤类型的诊断准确性和治疗效果方面的作用。此外，还讨论了 64Cu 基放射性药物的未来研究方向和不断发展的临床应用，深入探讨了它们对临床实践的潜在影响。
{"title":"Copper-64 Based PET-Radiopharmaceuticals: Ways to Clinical Translational","authors":"Nan Yang PhD , Xiao-yi Guo PhD , Jin Ding PhD, Feng Wang PhD, Te-li Liu PhD, Hua Zhu MD, PhD , Zhi Yang MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Positron emission tomography (PET) as an advanced noninvasive imaging technique, provides unprecedented insights into the study of physiological and biochemical processes in vivo. Copper-64 (<sup>64</sup>Cu) has a ideal half-life of 12.7 hours, with β+ and β-dual decay modes and abundant coordination chemistry, enabling the development of a wide variety of radiopharmaceuticals for PET imaging and radionuclide therapy.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in Copper-64 (<sup>64</sup>Cu)-based PET radionuclides, covering their production, radiolabeling strategies, and clinical applications. It highlights the role of <sup>64</sup>Cu-PET in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes across various tumor types. Additionally, future research directions and the evolving clinical applications of <sup>64</sup>Cu-based radiopharmaceuticals are discussed, offering insights into their potential impact on clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 792-800"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.007
Grace A. Cumbers MBMSc , Edward D. Harvey-Latham BSc(Hons) , Michael Kassiou PhD , Eryn L. Werry PhD , Jonathan J. Danon PhD
The translocator protein (TSPO) is a biomarker for imaging neuroinflammation via Positron Emission Tomography (PET) across a broad range of CNS conditions. Most clinically used PET ligands targeting TSPO have limitations, including high lipophilicity and off-target binding or poor binding to a mutated TSPO isoform present in up to 30% of the population. Research efforts over the past decade have focused on development of improved TSPO PET radiotracers that overcome these limitations. This review provides a critical analysis of the development and validation of these so-called “third-generation” radiotracers in clinical and preclinical settings. We also offer our perspective on the future directions of TSPO PET imaging, including recommendations for overcoming current challenges and capitalizing on emerging opportunities in molecular imaging for neuroinflammatory diseases.
转运蛋白（TSPO）是一种生物标记物，可通过正电子发射断层扫描（PET）对多种中枢神经系统疾病的神经炎症进行成像。临床上使用的大多数以 TSPO 为靶点的 PET 配体都存在局限性，包括亲脂性高、脱靶或与高达 30% 的人群中存在的变异 TSPO 异构体结合力差。过去十年来，研究工作的重点是开发能克服这些局限性的改良型 TSPO PET 放射性标记物。本综述对这些所谓的 "第三代 "放射性同位素在临床和临床前环境中的开发和验证进行了批判性分析。我们还对 TSPO PET 成像的未来发展方向提出了自己的观点，包括克服当前挑战和利用神经炎症性疾病分子成像新机遇的建议。
{"title":"Emerging TSPO-PET Radiotracers for Imaging Neuroinflammation: A Critical Analysis","authors":"Grace A. Cumbers MBMSc , Edward D. Harvey-Latham BSc(Hons) , Michael Kassiou PhD , Eryn L. Werry PhD , Jonathan J. Danon PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The translocator protein (TSPO) is a biomarker for imaging neuroinflammation via Positron Emission Tomography (PET) across a broad range of CNS conditions. Most clinically used PET ligands targeting TSPO have limitations, including high lipophilicity and off-target binding or poor binding to a mutated TSPO isoform present in up to 30% of the population. Research efforts over the past decade have focused on development of improved TSPO PET radiotracers that overcome these limitations. This review provides a critical analysis of the development and validation of these so-called “third-generation” radiotracers in clinical and preclinical settings. We also offer our perspective on the future directions of TSPO PET imaging, including recommendations for overcoming current challenges and capitalizing on emerging opportunities in molecular imaging for neuroinflammatory diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 856-874"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.008
Indraja D. Dev MD , Ameya D. Puranik DNB , Baljinder Singh PhD , Vikas Prasad MD, PhD
Programmed Death 1 (PD1) and Programmed Death Ligand (PDL1) play a crucial role in tumor microenvironment by helping cancer cells evade innate immunity. Numerous inhibitor anticancer drugs targeting this interplay have been used in clinical practice and many more are in preclinical stage. These drugs have shown promising results in achieving good response and long-term clinical benefit, is routinely performed to identify patients who may benefit. However, there are major challenges associated with these immunohistochemistry tests which have opened the space for noninvasive imaging modalities using PD1 and PDL1 inhibitors labeled with either PET or SPECT radionuclides. These radiopharmaceuticals, although primarily developed for the field of immunotherapy, have great potential in expanding and optimizing the combination of radiopharmaceutical therapies with PD1-PDL1 targeting anticancer drugs. This review elaborates currently available PET and SPECT radiopharmaceuticals targeting PD1-PDL1 axis. It also explores the potential future role of newer targets which are being developed and tested in various preclinical studies.
程序性死亡 1（PD1）和程序性死亡配体（PDL1）通过帮助癌细胞逃避先天免疫，在肿瘤微环境中发挥着至关重要的作用。许多针对这种相互作用的抑制剂抗癌药物已用于临床实践，还有更多药物处于临床前阶段。这些药物在获得良好反应和长期临床获益方面取得了可喜的成果。然而，这些免疫组化检测存在重大挑战，这为使用标记有 PET 或 SPECT 放射性核素的 PD1 和 PDL1 抑制剂的无创成像模式开辟了空间。这些放射性药物虽然主要是为免疫疗法领域开发的，但在扩大和优化放射性药物疗法与 PD1-PDL1 靶向抗癌药物的结合方面具有巨大潜力。本综述阐述了目前可用的以 PD1-PDL1 轴为靶点的 PET 和 SPECT 放射性药物。它还探讨了正在开发并在各种临床前研究中进行测试的新靶点在未来可能发挥的作用。
{"title":"Current and Future Perspectives of PDL1 PET and SPECT Imaging","authors":"Indraja D. Dev MD , Ameya D. Puranik DNB , Baljinder Singh PhD , Vikas Prasad MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Programmed Death 1 (PD1) and Programmed Death Ligand (PDL1) play a crucial role in tumor microenvironment by helping cancer cells evade innate immunity. Numerous inhibitor anticancer drugs targeting this interplay have been used in clinical practice and many more are in preclinical stage. These drugs have shown promising results in achieving good response and long-term clinical benefit, is routinely performed to identify patients who may benefit. However, there are major challenges associated with these immunohistochemistry tests which have opened the space for noninvasive imaging modalities using PD1 and PDL1 inhibitors labeled with either PET or SPECT radionuclides. These radiopharmaceuticals, although primarily developed for the field of immunotherapy, have great potential in expanding and optimizing the combination of radiopharmaceutical therapies with PD1-PDL1 targeting anticancer drugs. This review elaborates currently available PET and SPECT radiopharmaceuticals targeting PD1-PDL1 axis. It also explores the potential future role of newer targets which are being developed and tested in various preclinical studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 966-975"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.10.004
Esther Mena MD, Liza Lindenberg MD, Peter L. Choyke MD
The increased use of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) based PET imaging for prostate cancer (Pca) detection has revolutionized the clinical management of Pca, with higher diagnostic sensitivity for extraprostatic disease and increasing clinical utility across different stages of the disease. The integration of PSMA PET imaging into clinical guidelines and consensus documents reflects its growing importance in the personalized management of Pca. This review of recent literature highlights the rapid evolution of PSMA PET into the mainstream of staging and restaging and the decreasing reliance on conventional imaging modalities. This comprehensive review serves as a resource for clinicians and researchers involved in the domains of Pca diagnosis and management.
基于前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA）的 PET 成像在前列腺癌（Pca）检测中的应用日益广泛，彻底改变了前列腺癌的临床管理，提高了前列腺外疾病的诊断灵敏度，增加了不同阶段疾病的临床实用性。PSMA PET 成像已被纳入临床指南和共识文件，这反映出它在前列腺癌个性化治疗中的重要性与日俱增。这篇最新文献综述强调了 PSMA PET 已迅速发展成为分期和再分期的主流，对传统成像方式的依赖也在不断减少。这篇全面的综述可作为Pca诊断和管理领域临床医生和研究人员的参考资料。
{"title":"Update on PSMA-based Prostate Cancer Imaging","authors":"Esther Mena MD, Liza Lindenberg MD, Peter L. Choyke MD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increased use of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) based PET imaging for prostate cancer (Pca) detection has revolutionized the clinical management of Pca, with higher diagnostic sensitivity for extraprostatic disease and increasing clinical utility across different stages of the disease. The integration of PSMA PET imaging into clinical guidelines and consensus documents reflects its growing importance in the personalized management of Pca. This review of recent literature highlights the rapid evolution of PSMA PET into the mainstream of staging and restaging and the decreasing reliance on conventional imaging modalities. This comprehensive review serves as a resource for clinicians and researchers involved in the domains of Pca diagnosis and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 941-950"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
[68Ga]Ga-RM2 is a novel gastrin-releasing peptide receptor antagonist with emerging diagnostic utility in low-grade breast cancer (BC) expressing estrogen receptors (ER). This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the current diagnostic utility of [68Ga]Ga-RM2 PET/CT and explores BC tumor uptake metrics in ER-positive BC lesions. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted using relevant keywords to extract, screen, and select eligible data for analysis. Out of 182 articles reviewed, only four studies were found eligible for inclusion. Qualitative data analysis was applied to four included papers meeting the eligibility criteria. Various promising utilities were identified, including [68Ga]Ga-RM2′s ability to detect ER-positive primary BC lesions, lymph nodes, and distant metastatic lesions. Additionally, recent studies have addressed its potential for assessing therapy response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Importantly, [68Ga]Ga-RM2 has demonstrated clinical utility in improving and guiding proper management planning by detecting metastatic lesions that can alter overall staging and treatment strategies. The overall lesion detectability was 93% (95% CI: 87-98%) for ER-positive BC. ER-positive BC lesions showed significantly higher maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) compared to ER-negative lesions, with a weighted mean difference (WMD) of 10.6 (95% CI: 8.1-13.2; P < 0.00001). Furthermore, ER-positive BC lesions exhibited statistically significant higher SUVmax compared to normal background breast tissue SUVmean, with an overall WMD of 9.9 (95% CI: 7.5-12.2; P < 0.00001). Further studies utilizing this promising radiotracer should be encouraged, implementing prospective, large-scale designs in the near future.
[68Ga]Ga-RM2是一种新型胃泌素释放肽受体拮抗剂，对表达雌激素受体（ER）的低级别乳腺癌（BC）有新的诊断作用。本系统综述和荟萃分析评估了[68Ga]Ga-RM2 PET/CT目前的诊断效用，并探讨了ER阳性BC病变的BC肿瘤摄取指标。该研究使用相关关键词对 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 数据库进行了系统检索，以提取、筛选和选择符合条件的数据进行分析。在查阅的 182 篇文章中，只有四项研究符合纳入条件。对符合资格标准的四篇纳入论文进行了定性数据分析。研究发现了多种有前景的实用方法，包括[68Ga]Ga-RM2检测ER阳性的原发性BC病灶、淋巴结和远处转移病灶的能力。此外，最近的研究还探讨了[68Ga]Ga-RM2在新辅助化疗后评估治疗反应方面的潜力。重要的是，[68Ga]Ga-RM2通过检测可改变整体分期和治疗策略的转移病灶，在改善和指导正确的治疗计划方面显示出了临床实用性。ER阳性BC的总体病灶检出率为93%（95% CI：87-98%）。与ER阴性病灶相比，ER阳性BC病灶的最大标准化摄取值（SUVmax）明显更高，加权平均差（WMD）为10.6（95% CI：8.1-13.2；P < 0.00001）。此外，与正常背景乳腺组织的 SUVmean 相比，ER 阳性 BC 病变的 SUVmax 具有显著的统计学意义，总体 WMD 为 9.9 (95% CI: 7.5-12.2; P < 0.00001)。应鼓励利用这种前景广阔的放射性示踪剂开展进一步研究，并在不久的将来实施前瞻性的大规模设计。
{"title":"PET/CT Assessment of Estrogen Receptor positivity for Breast Cancer using [68Ga]Ga-RM2 Bombesin Receptor Antagonist: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Akram Al-Ibraheem MD, FRCP, FEBNM, FANMB , Ahmed Saad Abdlkadir MD , Hongcheng Shi PhD , Hikmat Abdel-Razeq MD, ABIM , Asem Mansour MD, FRCR","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>[<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-RM2 is a novel gastrin-releasing peptide receptor antagonist with emerging diagnostic utility in low-grade breast cancer (BC) expressing estrogen receptors (ER). This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the current diagnostic utility of [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-RM2 PET/CT and explores BC tumor uptake metrics in ER-positive BC lesions. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted using relevant keywords to extract, screen, and select eligible data for analysis. Out of 182 articles reviewed, only four studies were found eligible for inclusion. Qualitative data analysis was applied to four included papers meeting the eligibility criteria. Various promising utilities were identified, including [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-RM2′s ability to detect ER-positive primary BC lesions, lymph nodes, and distant metastatic lesions. Additionally, recent studies have addressed its potential for assessing therapy response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Importantly, [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-RM2 has demonstrated clinical utility in improving and guiding proper management planning by detecting metastatic lesions that can alter overall staging and treatment strategies. The overall lesion detectability was 93% (95% CI: 87-98%) for ER-positive BC. ER-positive BC lesions showed significantly higher maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) compared to ER-negative lesions, with a weighted mean difference (WMD) of 10.6 (95% CI: 8.1-13.2; <em>P</em> < 0.00001). Furthermore, ER-positive BC lesions exhibited statistically significant higher SUVmax compared to normal background breast tissue SUVmean, with an overall WMD of 9.9 (95% CI: 7.5-12.2; <em>P</em> < 0.00001). Further studies utilizing this promising radiotracer should be encouraged, implementing prospective, large-scale designs in the near future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 896-903"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.10.001
Kgomotso M.G Mokoala MD, PhD , Mike M. Sathekge MD, PhD
Hypoxia plays a critical role in tumor biology, influencing cancer progression, treatment resistance, and patient prognosis. While 18-Fluorine fluoredeoxyglucose ([18F]F-FDG) PET imaging has been the standard for metabolic assessment, its limitations in accurately depicting hypoxic tumor regions necessitate the exploration of non-FDG hypoxia tracers. This review aims to evaluate emerging non-FDG radiotracers, such as nitroimidazole derivatives, copper-based agents, gallium-based agents and other innovative compounds, highlighting their mechanisms of action, biodistribution, and clinical applications. We will discuss the advantages and challenges associated with hypoxia imaging, as well as recent advancements in imaging techniques that enhance the assessment of tumor hypoxia. By synthesizing current research, this review seeks to provide insights into the potential of non-FDG hypoxia tracers for improving cancer diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring, ultimately contributing to more personalized and effective cancer care.
{"title":"Non-FDG hypoxia tracers","authors":"Kgomotso M.G Mokoala MD, PhD , Mike M. Sathekge MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypoxia plays a critical role in tumor biology, influencing cancer progression, treatment resistance, and patient prognosis. While 18-Fluorine fluoredeoxyglucose ([18F]F-FDG) PET imaging has been the standard for metabolic assessment, its limitations in accurately depicting hypoxic tumor regions necessitate the exploration of non-FDG hypoxia tracers. This review aims to evaluate emerging non-FDG radiotracers, such as nitroimidazole derivatives, copper-based agents, gallium-based agents and other innovative compounds, highlighting their mechanisms of action, biodistribution, and clinical applications. We will discuss the advantages and challenges associated with hypoxia imaging, as well as recent advancements in imaging techniques that enhance the assessment of tumor hypoxia. By synthesizing current research, this review seeks to provide insights into the potential of non-FDG hypoxia tracers for improving cancer diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring, ultimately contributing to more personalized and effective cancer care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 827-844"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.001
Sophia R. O'Brien MD, MSEd , Christine E. Edmonds MD , Rebecca E. Ward MD , Neil K. Taunk MD, MSCTS , Austin R. Pantel MD, MSTR , David A. Mankoff MD, PhD
18F-16α-Fluoroestradiol (18F-FES) is a radiolabeled estrogen analogue positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent that binds to the estrogen receptor (ER) in the nucleus of ER-expressing cells. Proof-of-concept studies of 18F-FES demonstrated expected correlation between tumoral 18F-FES-positivity on PET-imaging and ER+ status assessed on biopsy samples by radioligand binding and immunohistochemistry. After decades of study, 18F-FES PET/CT gained clinical approval in 2016 in France and 2020 in the United States for use in patients with ER+ metastatic or recurrent breast cancer.
ER+ as assessed by 18F-FES PET/CT has been shown to serve as a biomarker, identifying metastatic breast cancer patients who may respond to endocrine therapy and those who are unlikely to respond. In 2023, the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI) published Appropriate Use Criteria for 18F-FES PET/CT, identifying four indications in which use of 18F-FES PET/CT was “appropriate”: (1) To assess functional ER status in metastatic lesions unfavorable to biopsy or when biopsy is nondiagnostic, (2) To detect ER status when other imaging tests are equivocal or suspicious, and at (3) initial diagnosis of metastatic disease or (4) progression of metastatic disease, for considering endocrine therapy.
This article reviews the foundations of 18F-FES imaging, including normal distribution, false positives, and false negatives, and describes the most up-to-date clinical uses as well as emerging research in breast cancer and other patient populations.
{"title":"Update on 18F-Fluoroestradiol","authors":"Sophia R. O'Brien MD, MSEd , Christine E. Edmonds MD , Rebecca E. Ward MD , Neil K. Taunk MD, MSCTS , Austin R. Pantel MD, MSTR , David A. Mankoff MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><sup>18</sup>F-16α-Fluoroestradiol (<sup>18</sup>F-FES) is a radiolabeled estrogen analogue positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent that binds to the estrogen receptor (ER) in the nucleus of ER-expressing cells. Proof-of-concept studies of <sup>18</sup>F-FES demonstrated expected correlation between tumoral <sup>18</sup>F-FES-positivity on PET-imaging and ER+ status assessed on biopsy samples by radioligand binding and immunohistochemistry. After decades of study, <sup>18</sup>F-FES PET/CT gained clinical approval in 2016 in France and 2020 in the United States for use in patients with ER+ metastatic or recurrent breast cancer.</div><div>ER+ as assessed by <sup>18</sup>F-FES PET/CT has been shown to serve as a biomarker, identifying metastatic breast cancer patients who may respond to endocrine therapy and those who are unlikely to respond. In 2023, the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI) published Appropriate Use Criteria for <sup>18</sup>F-FES PET/CT, identifying four indications in which use of <sup>18</sup>F-FES PET/CT was “appropriate”: (1) To assess functional ER status in metastatic lesions unfavorable to biopsy or when biopsy is nondiagnostic, (2) To detect ER status when other imaging tests are equivocal or suspicious, and at (3) initial diagnosis of metastatic disease or (4) progression of metastatic disease, for considering endocrine therapy.</div><div>This article reviews the foundations of <sup>18</sup>F-FES imaging, including normal distribution, false positives, and false negatives, and describes the most up-to-date clinical uses as well as emerging research in breast cancer and other patient populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 812-826"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.10.003
Janie Duvenhage PhD , Maryke Kahts PhD , Beverley Summers PhD , Jan Rijn Zeevaart PhD , Thomas Ebenhan PhD
Zirconium-89 (89Zr) is a cyclotron-produced positron-emitting radioisotope with a half-life of 3.27 days, which makes delayed or longitudinal imaging possible. It is a superior isotope for tracking particles over several days at a high sensitivity, resolution, and specificity. 89Zr-monoclonal antibodies (89Zr-mAb) have gained significant attention in the field of molecular imaging. However, the past decade has shown an avid increase in research concerning 89Zr-radiopharmaceuticals apart from 89Zr-mAb. In this article we highlight and discuss the status and challenges attributed to current preclinical and clinical investigations of 89Zr-radiopharmaceuticals developed beyond 89Zr-mAb, e.g., mAb-derived variants and macro-biomolecules, proteins, peptides, nanoparticles, and living cells.
{"title":"Highlighting New Research Trends on Zirconium-89 Radiopharmaceuticals Beyond Antibodies","authors":"Janie Duvenhage PhD , Maryke Kahts PhD , Beverley Summers PhD , Jan Rijn Zeevaart PhD , Thomas Ebenhan PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zirconium-89 (<sup>89</sup>Zr) is a cyclotron-produced positron-emitting radioisotope with a half-life of 3.27 days, which makes delayed or longitudinal imaging possible. It is a superior isotope for tracking particles over several days at a high sensitivity, resolution, and specificity. <sup>89</sup>Zr-monoclonal antibodies (<sup>89</sup>Zr-mAb) have gained significant attention in the field of molecular imaging. However, the past decade has shown an avid increase in research concerning <sup>89</sup>Zr-radiopharmaceuticals apart from <sup>89</sup>Zr-mAb. In this article we highlight and discuss the status and challenges attributed to current preclinical and clinical investigations of <sup>89</sup>Zr-radiopharmaceuticals developed beyond <sup>89</sup>Zr-mAb, e.g., mAb-derived variants and macro-biomolecules, proteins, peptides, nanoparticles, and living cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 801-811"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142507114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.06.001
Janke Kleynhans , Thomas Ebenhan , Mike Machaba Sathekge
Gallium-68 has gained substantial momentum since 2003 as a versatile radiometal that is extremely useful for application in the development of novel oncology targeting diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. It is available through both generator produced radioactivity and via cyclotron production methods and can therefore be implemented in either small- or large-scale production facilities. It can also be implemented within different spectrum of infrastructure settings with relative ease. Whilst many of the radiopharmaceuticals are being development and investigated, which is summarized in this manuscript, [68Ga]Ga-SSTR2 and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA has prominence in current clinical guidelines. The novel tracer [68Ga]Ga-FAPi has also gained significant interest in the clinical context. A comparison of the labelling strategies followed to incorporate gallium-68 and fluorine-18 into the same molecular targeting constructs clearly demonstrate that gallium-68 complexation is the most convenient approach. Recently, cold kit based starting products are available to make the small-scale production of gallium-68 radiopharmaceuticals even more efficient when combined with generator produced gallium-68. The regulatory aspects is currently changing to support the implementation of gallium-68 and other diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals, simplifying the translation towards clinical use. Overall, the development of gallium-68 based radiopharmaceuticals is not only rapidly changing the landscape of diagnosis in oncology, but this growth also promotes innovation and progress in new applications of therapeutic radiometals such as lutetium-177 and actinium-225.
{"title":"Expanding Role for Gallium-68 PET Imaging in Oncology","authors":"Janke Kleynhans , Thomas Ebenhan , Mike Machaba Sathekge","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Gallium-68 has gained substantial momentum since 2003 as a versatile radiometal that is extremely useful for application in the development of novel oncology targeting diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. It is available through both generator produced radioactivity and via cyclotron production methods and can therefore be implemented in either small- or large-scale production facilities. It can also be implemented within different spectrum of infrastructure settings with relative ease. Whilst many of the radiopharmaceuticals are being development and investigated, which is summarized in this manuscript, [</span><sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-SSTR2 and [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-PSMA has prominence in current clinical guidelines. The novel tracer [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-FAPi has also gained significant interest in the clinical context. A comparison of the labelling strategies followed to incorporate gallium-68 and fluorine-18 into the same molecular targeting constructs clearly demonstrate that gallium-68 complexation is the most convenient approach. Recently, cold kit based starting products are available to make the small-scale production of gallium-68 radiopharmaceuticals even more efficient when combined with generator produced gallium-68. The regulatory aspects is currently changing to support the implementation of gallium-68 and other diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals, simplifying the translation towards clinical use. Overall, the development of gallium-68 based radiopharmaceuticals is not only rapidly changing the landscape of diagnosis in oncology, but this growth also promotes innovation and progress in new applications of therapeutic radiometals such as lutetium-177 and actinium-225.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 778-791"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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