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Cross-polarization coupling in polarization maintaining fiber induced by periodic mechanical stress 周期性机械应力诱导保偏光纤的交叉极化耦合
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.17586/2226-1494-2023-23-5-878-885
E.E. Kalugin, V.E. Strigalev, A.B. Mukhtubaev, I.K. Meshkovskii
One of the applications of polarization maintaining (PM) fibers is the creation of various sensors including level and hydrostatic pressure sensors. An external mechanical stress on a PM fiber causes cross-polarization coupling. In micro- and macro-bend pressure sensors, the attenuation of the optical signal increases with increasing external pressure. Combination of two physical principles in one sensor allows to create fiber-optic sensors of high sensitivity for operation at pressure more than 18 kPa. At the same time, the registration scheme is significantly simplified. An optical fiber with an elliptical ESC-4 stress cladding was used as a prototype. A superluminiscent diode ThorLabs S5FC1005SXL with a center wavelength of 1560 nm and a spectrum half-width of 45 nm was used in the study. In this work, the effect of induced periodic mechanical stress on cross-polarization coupling magnitude in a PM fiber with an elliptical stress cladding was considered. The induced periodic stress was generated by a proposed and specially fabricated periodic structure of optical fiber sections bonded to a glass substrate. The pressure on the fiber prototype was changed by weights of known mass as well as by rotating the fiber around its axis with a step of 5°. Hydrostatic pressure was created by means of a water tank placed in the barocamera. The cross-polarization coupled power was recorded with two photodetectors using a polarization beam splitter. It is shown that the largest value of the relative coupled power is achieved at the period of mechanical stress equal to the beat length of PM fiber. The dependence of the relative coupled power on the hydrostatic pressure is obtained for the prototype sensor. It is shown that the highest value of the relative coupled power is achieved at a pressure of 80 kPa. The threshold sensitivity amounted to 20 kPa. The decrease in coupled power at pressures greater than 80 kPa is attributed to induced optical losses. At pressure less than 20 kPa, a hysteresis of indicators up to 0.006 relative units is noticeable. A sample sensor for measuring hydrostatic pressure up to 80 kPa with the standard deviation of measurement results up to 7 % was obtained. The threshold sensitivity is limited to 20 kPa. The performed research can be applied in the development of fiber-optic pressure sensors.
保偏纤维的应用之一是制造各种传感器,包括液位传感器和静水压力传感器。在PM纤维上施加外部机械应力会导致交叉极化耦合。在微弯和大弯压力传感器中,光信号的衰减随外压的增大而增大。在一个传感器中结合两种物理原理,可以创建高灵敏度的光纤传感器,可在超过18kpa的压力下工作。同时,注册方案也大大简化。以椭圆ESC-4应力包层光纤为原型。研究使用的超发光二极管为ThorLabs S5FC1005SXL,中心波长为1560 nm,光谱半宽为45 nm。本文研究了椭圆应力包层PM光纤中诱导周期机械应力对交叉极化耦合强度的影响。提出了一种特殊制作的光纤段与玻璃基板结合的周期性结构,产生了诱导周期应力。纤维原型上的压力通过已知质量的重量以及纤维绕其轴旋转5°来改变。静水压力是通过放置在气压照相机中的水箱产生的。用偏振分束器记录了两个光电探测器的交叉偏振耦合功率。结果表明,相对耦合功率在与PM纤维拍长相等的机械应力周期内达到最大值。得到了原型传感器的相对耦合功率与静水压力的关系。结果表明,在压力为80kpa时,相对耦合功率达到最大值。阈值灵敏度为20kpa。当压力大于80kpa时,耦合功率的下降是由于引起的光学损耗。在压力小于20kpa时,指标的滞后可达0.006个相对单位。获得了一种可测量80kpa静水压力的样品传感器,测量结果的标准偏差可达7%。阈值灵敏度限制为20kpa。所做的研究可用于光纤压力传感器的开发。
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引用次数: 0
A new efficient adaptive rood pattern search motion estimation algorithm 一种新的高效自适应道路模式搜索运动估计算法
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.17586/2226-1494-2023-23-5-955-966
S.A. Shaker, A.S. Arif, Y. Fazea
Motion estimation plays a crucial role in video coding; the Adaptive Rood Pattern Search (ARPS) algorithm is a well known fast motion estimation algorithm. However, ARPS has certain limitations, such as the lack of an accurate starting motion vector, a fixed Zero Motion Prejudgment (ZMP) threshold unsuitable for fast motion video sequences, and the repetitive use of a Unit Rood Pattern (URP) resulting in increased computational complexity. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel algorithm called Efficient Adaptive Rood Pattern Search (EARPS). EARPS overcomes these limitations by employing the Full Search algorithm to obtain optimal motion vectors for the first column in each frame, adopting a dynamic ZMP threshold that adapts to varying motion speeds in video sequences and utilizing URP only once to reduce computational overhead. The performance of the new proposed EARPS algorithm is evaluated and compared with that of ARPS algorithm using various video sequences with different motion speeds. The number of searching points and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) are used to quantify computing complexity and accuracy. The experimental findings show that EARPS surpasses ARPS in terms of computing complexity while retaining a decent degree of PSNR accuracy. The proposed EARPS motion estimation algorithm main contribution is to achieve high speed with reasonable accuracy, regardless of the type of motion speed in the video frames. The EARPS algorithm offers a substantial advancement over ARPS, delivering a more efficient motion estimation method with broader applicability in video processing. It represents a significant contribution to the development of effective motion estimation algorithms.
运动估计在视频编码中起着至关重要的作用;自适应道路模式搜索(ARPS)算法是一种著名的快速运动估计算法。然而,ARPS有一定的局限性,例如缺乏准确的起始运动矢量,固定的零运动预判断(ZMP)阈值不适合快速运动视频序列,以及重复使用单位道路模式(URP)导致计算复杂性增加。为了解决这些问题,本文提出了一种新的算法,称为高效自适应道路模式搜索(EARPS)。EARPS通过使用Full Search算法来获得每帧第一列的最佳运动向量,采用动态ZMP阈值来适应视频序列中不同的运动速度,并且仅使用一次URP来减少计算开销,从而克服了这些限制。利用不同运动速度的视频序列,对新算法的性能进行了评价,并与ARPS算法进行了比较。用搜索点数和峰值信噪比(PSNR)来量化计算复杂度和精度。实验结果表明,EARPS在计算复杂度方面优于ARPS,同时保留了相当程度的PSNR精度。本文提出的EARPS运动估计算法的主要贡献在于无论视频帧中的运动速度类型如何,都能以合理的精度实现高速运动估计。EARPS算法在ARPS算法的基础上有了很大的进步,提供了一种更有效的运动估计方法,在视频处理中具有更广泛的适用性。它代表了有效的运动估计算法的发展显著贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Study of heat and mass transfer processes in the Fe-Sn reaction crucible in the presence of high-density electric current 高密度电流存在下铁锡反应坩埚内传热传质过程的研究
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.17586/2226-1494-2023-23-5-1065-1072
V.E. Fomin, A.V. Novotelnova, G.A. Bolkunov, F.Yu. Bochkanov, D.Yu. Karpenkov
In the search for new magnetically ordered phases of materials, solid-state synthesis technologies in reaction crucibles are used. The final result of the synthesis process in reaction crucibles is conditioned, in particular, by technological factors, the mode of current flow and its density, the achieved temperature in the reaction zone, exposure time, geometrical parameters of the crucible and the reaction zone, etc. The paper presents the results of influence investigation of the reaction volume filling degree with tin melt on the processes of heat and mass transfer during its electrothermal treatment. A model describing diffusion processes in the reaction zone during the synthesis of iron and tin intermetallides under electrothermal treatment has been proposed. The diffusion process in the reaction crucibles of the iron-tin system was investigated by the finite element method in the Comsol Multiphysics software environment. It is shown that the decrease in the degree of filling of the reaction crucible with synthesis components leads to a change in the distribution of current density and a decrease in the temperature in the reaction zone, which affects the mass transfer processes. The results of the work can be used in the analysis of experimental data on the production of intermetallides by reaction synthesis and determination of the necessary technological parameters for the synthesis of new materials.
在寻找新的磁性有序相的材料,固体合成技术在反应坩埚被使用。反应坩埚中合成过程的最终结果主要受工艺因素、电流流动方式及其密度、反应区达到的温度、暴露时间、坩埚和反应区的几何参数等因素的制约。本文介绍了锡熔体的反应体积填充程度对其电热过程中传热传质过程的影响研究结果。提出了一种描述电热合成铁锡金属间化物反应区扩散过程的模型。在Comsol Multiphysics软件环境下,采用有限元方法研究了铁锡体系在反应坩埚中的扩散过程。结果表明,合成组分填充反应坩埚的程度降低,导致反应区电流密度分布的变化和温度的降低,从而影响传质过程。所得结果可用于反应合成生产金属间化物的实验数据分析和新材料合成所需工艺参数的确定。
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引用次数: 0
Intelligent adaptive testing system 智能自适应测试系统
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.17586/2226-1494-2023-23-4-757-766
L. Tagirova, T. Zubkova
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引用次数: 0
Brain tumour segmentation in MRI using fuzzy deformable fusion model with Dolphin-SCA 基于Dolphin-SCA模糊可变形融合模型的MRI脑肿瘤分割
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.17586/2226-1494-2023-23-4-776-785
A. Tiple, A. Kakade
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引用次数: 0
Application of Raman spectroscopy to study the inactivation process of bacterial microorganisms 应用拉曼光谱法研究细菌微生物的失活过程
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.17586/2226-1494-2023-23-4-676-684
K. Matveeva, A. Kundalevich, A. Kapitunova, A. Zozulya, S. Sukhikh, A. Tsibulnikova, A. Zyubin, I. Samusev
{"title":"Application of Raman spectroscopy to study the inactivation process of bacterial microorganisms","authors":"K. Matveeva, A. Kundalevich, A. Kapitunova, A. Zozulya, S. Sukhikh, A. Tsibulnikova, A. Zyubin, I. Samusev","doi":"10.17586/2226-1494-2023-23-4-676-684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/2226-1494-2023-23-4-676-684","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21700,"journal":{"name":"Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75677017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modeling and simulation of heat exchanger with strong dependence of oil viscosity on temperature 油粘度温度依赖性强的换热器建模与仿真
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.17586/2226-1494-2023-23-4-820-827
Динара Есентаевна Курманова, Нурболат Жумабекович Джайчибеков, Dinara E. Kurmanova, Nurbolat Zh, Jaichibekov, L. Gumilyov
Heating of oil and oil products is widely used to reduce energy losses during transportation. The flow in the annular space of the heat exchanger is complex and depends on many factors. The use of thin tubes in helicoid-type heat exchangers makes it necessary to take into account the transition of the flow regime from laminar to turbulent. The semi-empirical turbulence models traditionally used in numerical calculations do not take into account the laminar-turbulent transition.
石油和石油产品的加热被广泛用于减少运输过程中的能量损失。换热器环形空间内的流动是复杂的,受多种因素的影响。在螺旋型换热器中使用细管,必须考虑流型从层流到湍流的转变。传统数值计算中使用的半经验湍流模型没有考虑层流-湍流过渡。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling of the process of spherical form correction for rotors of electrostatically suspended gyros 静电悬浮陀螺转子球面修正过程的建模
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.17586/2226-1494-2023-23-4-803-811
Маргарита Алексеевна Тит, Сергей Николаевич Беляев, Александр Григорьевич Щербак, Ольга Сергеевна Юльметова, M. A. Tit, Sergey N. Belyaev, Alexandr G. Shcherbak, O. Yulmetova
Improvement of the manufacturing technology for gyroscopic devices, which autonomously generate motion parameters of moving objects, has strategic importance and priority for various industries. The object of current research is a spherical rotor of an electrostatically suspended gyroscope which geometric parameters determine the accuracy characteristics of the device. The paper presents results of the process modeling of spherical form correction for rotors of electrostatically suspended gyroscopes at the stage of its manufacture during the coating deposition process. The proposed mathematical model of the deposition process is based on the placement of a movable screen with a hole between a rotor and a spray source. The axis of the hole lies on the dynamic axis of the rotor and it provides a formation of a spherical segment on the coating rotor surface. During deposition of an additional layer, the screen or rotor moves along the dynamic axis of the rotor changing the distance between the rotor and the screen, and there is additional rotation of the rotor around its dynamic axis. It allows adjusting the curvature of the formed coating on the rotor surface. An analytical model of the technological process for correcting the shape of spherical rotors of electrostatically suspended gyroscopes has been developed. A mathematical description, control factors and significant parameters of the process are given. The results of practical testing of the developed model are presented. The presented mathematical model makes it possible to correct the shape of the rotors during the deposition of a functional coating expanding the technological possibilities and increasing the accuracy of rotors.
陀螺仪是一种能够自动生成运动物体运动参数的器件,其制造技术的改进对各行业具有重要的战略意义和优先性。本文以静电悬浮陀螺仪的球形转子为研究对象,其几何参数决定了陀螺仪的精度特性。本文介绍了静电悬浮陀螺仪在涂层过程中制造阶段转子球面修正的过程建模结果。所提出的沉积过程的数学模型是基于在转子和喷雾源之间放置一个带孔的可移动筛网。孔的轴线位于转子的动轴上,并在涂层转子表面上形成球形段。在附加层沉积过程中,筛网或转子沿转子的动轴运动,改变了转子与筛网之间的距离,转子围绕其动轴存在附加旋转。它允许调整转子表面形成的涂层的曲率。建立了静电悬浮陀螺仪球面转子形状校正工艺过程的解析模型。给出了该工艺的数学描述、控制因素和重要参数。给出了所建模型的实际测试结果。提出的数学模型使得在功能涂层沉积过程中修正转子形状成为可能,扩大了技术可能性并提高了转子的精度。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive observer for state variables of a time-varying nonlinear system with unknown constant parameters and delayed measurements 具有未知常数参数和延迟测量的时变非线性系统状态变量的自适应观测器
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.17586/2226-1494-2023-23-4-850-853
Алексей Алексеевич Бобцов, Николай Анатольевич,  Николаев2, Ольга Андреевна Козачёк, Ольга Владимировна Оськина, A. Bobtsov, Nikolay A. Nikolaev, O. Kozachek, O. Oskina
Unknown constant parameters estimation problem for a nonlinear time-varying system with delayed measurements is considered. The objective of this work is to design an adaptive observer for a nonlinear time-varying system. The observer must provide asymptotic convergence of the unknown constant parameters estimates to their true values. The main idea behind the method is to perform the parametrization of initial dynamical system based on GPEBO (Generalized Parameter Estimation Based Observer) technology and to build a linear regression model. The identification of linear regression model unknown parameters is performed using least square method with forgetting factor. This work develops the previously published approach for the case of nonlinear time-varying systems with delayed measurements. New parameters estimation algorithm can be applied for technical tasks, such as technical condition control and automatic control systems design.
研究一类具有时滞测量的非线性时变系统的未知常参数估计问题。本文的目标是设计一个非线性时变系统的自适应观测器。观测器必须提供未知常数参数估计到其真值的渐近收敛性。该方法的主要思想是基于GPEBO (Generalized Parameter Estimation based Observer)技术对初始动力系统进行参数化,并建立线性回归模型。采用带遗忘因子的最小二乘法对线性回归模型的未知参数进行辨识。这项工作发展了以前发表的方法,用于具有延迟测量的非线性时变系统。新的参数估计算法可以应用于工艺条件控制和自动控制系统设计等技术任务。
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引用次数: 0
Attacks based on malicious perturbations on image processing systems and defense methods against them 基于恶意扰动的图像处理系统攻击及其防御方法
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.17586/2226-1494-2023-23-4-720-733
D.A. Esipov, A. Buchaev, A. Kerimbay, Y.V. Puzikova, S. Saidumarov, N.S. Sulimenko, I.Yu. Popov, N. Karmanovskiy
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics
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