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Dissolution Experiments of Serpentinite and Kinetic Modeling of CO 2 Behavior for Underground Sequestration of CO 2 in Deep Serpentinite Aquifers 蛇纹岩溶蚀实验及深层蛇纹岩含水层地下封存co2行为动力学模拟

Shigen-to-sozai

Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2473/JOURNALOFMMIJ.130.396

N. Shikazono, Yumiko Okuyama, T. Umemura, Hirohiko Kashiwagi

It is widely accepted that recent global warming is being caused by an increase in greenhouse gases such as CO2 emitted by anthropogenic activities (e.g., fossil fuel burning). Therefore, it is mandatory that humans reduce these anthropogenic CO2 emissions. One potentially useful method to reduce CO2 emissions and the greenhouse effect is underground sequestration of CO2 into groundwater aquifers. When CO2 is injected into an aquifer, the CO2 dissolves into the groundwater, reacts with the host rocks in the aquifer and, in the long-term, may precipitate as secondary minerals. If the reaction produces carbonate minerals, most of the CO2 will be trapped permanently in deep underground. So, over the long-term, CO2 injected into aquifers could be trapped in groundwater (solubility trapping) and in carbonate minerals (mineral trapping). Thus, this method is generally thought to have great potential as a highly useful and efficient method for long-term fixing of CO2 deep underground 6, 7. However, one of this method’s problems is that the longterm behavior of CO2 underground is not well understood. The trapping mechanism and the amount of carbon fixed underground depend on geologic environmental factors such as the properties of the host rocks, such as their constituent minerals, grain size, permeability, and porosity, and of the groundwater, such as its chemical composition and f low rate. Among the various kinds of rocks, ultramafic rocks dissolve at higher rates than other igneous rocks such as granite and basalt, and sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and mudstone. Therefore, we expected that ultramafic rocks would react quickly with injected groundwater containing high concentrations of CO2, resulting in efficient CO2 fixation by solubility and mineral trapping in a relatively short period of time compared with other rocks. This is due to the high dissolution rate of the constituent minerals in ultramafic rocks (olivine and pyroxene) and high concentrations of Ca, Mg, and Fe (the main elements in carbonate minerals) in groundwater that has reacted with ultramafic rocks. Although a large number of experimental studies on the dissolution of the minerals which are contained in ultramafic rocks (e.g. olivine, pyroxene, and serpentine) have been performed, there are few experimental studies on the dissolution of ultramafic rocks (Marini, 2007). Therefore, in this study themselves, serpentinite, a common ultramafic rock, was selected for the dissolution experiment. The serpentinite samples collected from Mt. Iwanai, Hokkaido, northern Japan were analyzed and experimentally studied. The dissolution rate constants of the serpentinite samples were obtained by experiment. Based on those dissolution rate constants, kinetic calculations were performed to estimate the Journal of MMIJ Vol.130 p.396 − 403 (2014) ©2014 The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

人们普遍认为，最近的全球变暖是由人为活动(如燃烧化石燃料)排放的二氧化碳等温室气体增加造成的。因此，人类必须减少这些人为的二氧化碳排放。减少二氧化碳排放和温室效应的一种潜在有效方法是将二氧化碳封存到地下含水层中。当二氧化碳被注入含水层时，二氧化碳溶解到地下水中，与含水层中的宿主岩石发生反应，长期来看，可能作为次生矿物沉淀下来。如果反应产生碳酸盐矿物，大部分二氧化碳将被永久地困在地下深处。因此，从长期来看，注入含水层的二氧化碳可能会被困在地下水中(溶解度捕获)和碳酸盐矿物中(矿物捕获)。因此，这种方法通常被认为具有巨大的潜力，是一种非常有用和有效的方法，可以长期固定地下深处的二氧化碳6,7。然而，这种方法的一个问题是，二氧化碳在地下的长期行为还没有得到很好的了解。地下固定碳的捕获机制和数量取决于地质环境因素，如寄主岩石的性质，如其组成矿物、粒度、渗透率和孔隙度，以及地下水的化学成分和流量。在各种各样的岩石中，超镁铁质岩石比其他火成岩(如花岗岩和玄武岩)和沉积岩(如砂岩和泥岩)溶解速度更快。因此，我们预计超镁铁质岩石将与注入的含有高浓度CO2的地下水快速反应，与其他岩石相比，通过溶解度和矿物捕获在相对较短的时间内有效地固定CO2。这是由于超镁铁质岩石中组成矿物(橄榄石和辉石)的高溶解速率以及地下水中钙、镁和铁(碳酸盐矿物中的主要元素)的高浓度与超镁铁质岩石反应所致。虽然对超镁铁质岩石中所含矿物(如橄榄石、辉石和蛇纹石)的溶蚀作用进行了大量的实验研究，但对超镁铁质岩石溶蚀作用的实验研究很少(Marini, 2007)。因此，本研究本身选择了一种常见的超镁铁性岩石——蛇纹岩进行溶蚀实验。对采集自日本北海道岩井山的蛇纹岩样品进行了分析和实验研究。通过实验得到了蛇纹岩样品的溶解速率常数。基于这些溶解速率常数，进行动力学计算来估计Journal of MMIJ Vol.130 p.396−403(2014)©2014 the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

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