Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602792
T. Konishi, K. Takahashi, H. Matsui, T. Satoh
We report the attempt of 6 bit operation of optical quantization for photonic A/D conversion. Efficient optical quantization and optical coding in a bit-parallel format make it possible that provides 6 bit optical codes from 32 optical quantized pulses. The cascade operation of optical quantization and coding with 6 bit resolution was tested in our experimental setup.
{"title":"Optical quantization for 6 bit photonic A/D conversion","authors":"T. Konishi, K. Takahashi, H. Matsui, T. Satoh","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602792","url":null,"abstract":"We report the attempt of 6 bit operation of optical quantization for photonic A/D conversion. Efficient optical quantization and optical coding in a bit-parallel format make it possible that provides 6 bit optical codes from 32 optical quantized pulses. The cascade operation of optical quantization and coding with 6 bit resolution was tested in our experimental setup.","PeriodicalId":217442,"journal":{"name":"2012 14th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128235372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-09DOI: 10.1364/CLEO_SI.2013.CM1F.6
D. McCloskey, J. Donegan
High intensity sub-wavelength spots and low divergence nanojets are observed in a system of Si3N4 microdisks illuminated from the side with laser light of wavelengths 532 nm and 633 nm. The disks are of height 400 nm with diameters ranging from 1μm to 10 μm. Light scattered from the disk and substrate is observed by imaging from above. In free space light is focused inside the disks and a sub wavelength spot is observed, whereas in water the refractive index contrast is such that photonic nanojets are formed. The angular distribution of the intensity compares well to the analytical solution for the case of an infinite cylinder. The diameter dependence of the scattering is explored and matches well with theory.
{"title":"Light scattering from silicon nitride microdisks","authors":"D. McCloskey, J. Donegan","doi":"10.1364/CLEO_SI.2013.CM1F.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_SI.2013.CM1F.6","url":null,"abstract":"High intensity sub-wavelength spots and low divergence nanojets are observed in a system of Si3N4 microdisks illuminated from the side with laser light of wavelengths 532 nm and 633 nm. The disks are of height 400 nm with diameters ranging from 1μm to 10 μm. Light scattered from the disk and substrate is observed by imaging from above. In free space light is focused inside the disks and a sub wavelength spot is observed, whereas in water the refractive index contrast is such that photonic nanojets are formed. The angular distribution of the intensity compares well to the analytical solution for the case of an infinite cylinder. The diameter dependence of the scattering is explored and matches well with theory.","PeriodicalId":217442,"journal":{"name":"2012 14th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128543544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-02DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253909
H. Alhagagi, R. Green
In previous work the PPA was shown to behave more optimally with a load resistance which was much lower than normally used in the common optical wireless receiver-amplifiers, such as the High Impedance- or Transimpedance type. This paper discusses the use of a zero bias mode combined with low load impedance, which results in further enhancements in receiver performance. An optimised load is usually a pure resistance, typically several ohms, giving around 8.6 dB improvement in gain over a 50 Ω standard load impedance, but output impedance matching to 50 Ω can permit a similar optimum gain over a wider range of frequencies.
{"title":"Load analysis with gain enhancement for the Photo Parametric Amplifier (PPA)","authors":"H. Alhagagi, R. Green","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253909","url":null,"abstract":"In previous work the PPA was shown to behave more optimally with a load resistance which was much lower than normally used in the common optical wireless receiver-amplifiers, such as the High Impedance- or Transimpedance type. This paper discusses the use of a zero bias mode combined with low load impedance, which results in further enhancements in receiver performance. An optimised load is usually a pure resistance, typically several ohms, giving around 8.6 dB improvement in gain over a 50 Ω standard load impedance, but output impedance matching to 50 Ω can permit a similar optimum gain over a wider range of frequencies.","PeriodicalId":217442,"journal":{"name":"2012 14th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126826673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-02DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253831
A. Ananenkov, V. Nuzhdin, V. Rastorguev, P. Sokolov, V. Schneider
The actual problem of a helicopter low-height flight safety by the means of forward view radar is considered. The restrictions in electric transmission lines (ETL) wires observation, caused by the physical nature of the electromagnetic waves (EMW) scattering on a cylindrical object are shown. The alternative methods for the decision of a problem of ETL detection are offered. The possible algorithms for their realization are considered.
{"title":"Safety of helicopter transport by means of remote sensing","authors":"A. Ananenkov, V. Nuzhdin, V. Rastorguev, P. Sokolov, V. Schneider","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253831","url":null,"abstract":"The actual problem of a helicopter low-height flight safety by the means of forward view radar is considered. The restrictions in electric transmission lines (ETL) wires observation, caused by the physical nature of the electromagnetic waves (EMW) scattering on a cylindrical object are shown. The alternative methods for the decision of a problem of ETL detection are offered. The possible algorithms for their realization are considered.","PeriodicalId":217442,"journal":{"name":"2012 14th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133888636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-02DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253777
R. Rejeb
In this work we present the current state of development and future direction in the market for electric vehicles, with respect to the charging infrastructure. Specifically we discuss the electric vehicle network which is a proposed infrastructure system of publicly accessible charging stations, and battery swap stations to recharge electric vehicles. As Tunisia is a country with more than 250 sunny-days, it is reasonable to extend currently used filling stations by solar generators and battery-swapping equipment to build a balanced charging system for electric vehicles, support by renewable energy from distributed sources.
{"title":"Design and prototyping of electric vehicles in Tunisia","authors":"R. Rejeb","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253777","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we present the current state of development and future direction in the market for electric vehicles, with respect to the charging infrastructure. Specifically we discuss the electric vehicle network which is a proposed infrastructure system of publicly accessible charging stations, and battery swap stations to recharge electric vehicles. As Tunisia is a country with more than 250 sunny-days, it is reasonable to extend currently used filling stations by solar generators and battery-swapping equipment to build a balanced charging system for electric vehicles, support by renewable energy from distributed sources.","PeriodicalId":217442,"journal":{"name":"2012 14th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116328217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-02DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2012.6254456
Y. Ben-Ezra, D. Brodeski, B. Lembrikov
There are two types of optical signal modulation in optical communication systems: the direct modulation of the laser diode (LD) radiation and the indirect modulation by using an external modulator. External electro-absorption modulators (EAMs) attracted a great attention in high-speed applications due to low cost, possibility of integration with LDs, low voltage, low power consumption, polarization insensitivity, low chirp, and higher speed operation. Recently, reflective electro-absorption modulators (REAMs) have been proposed for radio-over fiber (RoF) applications. REAM devices have a large available bandwidth, allow fixed and mobile access convergence, and need not lasers in a remote access unit (RAU). In this work, we investigated experimentally the REAM operation in a RAU of a RoF link in the detection and modulation regimes. The measured REAM characteristics and spectra of the detected radio frequency (RF) signals are presented.
{"title":"Radio-over-fiber (RoF) links based on reflective electro-absorption modulator (REAM)","authors":"Y. Ben-Ezra, D. Brodeski, B. Lembrikov","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2012.6254456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2012.6254456","url":null,"abstract":"There are two types of optical signal modulation in optical communication systems: the direct modulation of the laser diode (LD) radiation and the indirect modulation by using an external modulator. External electro-absorption modulators (EAMs) attracted a great attention in high-speed applications due to low cost, possibility of integration with LDs, low voltage, low power consumption, polarization insensitivity, low chirp, and higher speed operation. Recently, reflective electro-absorption modulators (REAMs) have been proposed for radio-over fiber (RoF) applications. REAM devices have a large available bandwidth, allow fixed and mobile access convergence, and need not lasers in a remote access unit (RAU). In this work, we investigated experimentally the REAM operation in a RAU of a RoF link in the detection and modulation regimes. The measured REAM characteristics and spectra of the detected radio frequency (RF) signals are presented.","PeriodicalId":217442,"journal":{"name":"2012 14th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115732604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-02DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253863
T. Baba, S. Kita, S. Hachuda, S. Otsuka
High-performance and low-cost sensors are critical devices for high-throughput analyses of bio-samples in medical diagnoses and life sciences. This report demonstrates GaInAsP photonic crystal nanolaser sensor, which detects the adsorption of bio-molecules from the lasing wavelength shift. It is a promising device, which balances a high sensitivity, high resolution, small size, easy integration, simple setup and low cost. In particular with a nanoslot structure, it achieves a super-sensitivity in protein sensing whose detection limit is 3-5 orders of magnitude lower than that of standard surface-plasmon-resonance sensors, e.g. ~ 100 fM order for BSA and <; 1 aM for streptavidin. Our investigations suggest a candidate mechanism that the nanoslot acts as a protein condenser powered by the optical gradient force, which arises from the strong localization of laser mode in the nanoslot.
{"title":"Photonic crystal nanoslot nanolaser for super-sensitivity bio-sensing","authors":"T. Baba, S. Kita, S. Hachuda, S. Otsuka","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253863","url":null,"abstract":"High-performance and low-cost sensors are critical devices for high-throughput analyses of bio-samples in medical diagnoses and life sciences. This report demonstrates GaInAsP photonic crystal nanolaser sensor, which detects the adsorption of bio-molecules from the lasing wavelength shift. It is a promising device, which balances a high sensitivity, high resolution, small size, easy integration, simple setup and low cost. In particular with a nanoslot structure, it achieves a super-sensitivity in protein sensing whose detection limit is 3-5 orders of magnitude lower than that of standard surface-plasmon-resonance sensors, e.g. ~ 100 fM order for BSA and <; 1 aM for streptavidin. Our investigations suggest a candidate mechanism that the nanoslot acts as a protein condenser powered by the optical gradient force, which arises from the strong localization of laser mode in the nanoslot.","PeriodicalId":217442,"journal":{"name":"2012 14th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115747953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-02DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253937
N. Sotiropoulos, T. Koonen, H. de Waardt
Transmission of a 7.5 Gb/s Differential 8 Phase-Shift Keying (D8PSK) signal, capable of encoding three bits per symbol per polarization, has been demonstrated over an amplified Time-Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network (TDM-PON) for the first time. The incoherent multilevel receiver is laser-free and utilizes DSP to reduce complexity in the optical domain. A Directly Modulated Laser (DML) operating at 2.5 Gb/s provided a low-cost upstream channel. The performance of both channels after transmission over 25 km of fiber has been evaluated and the effect of bidirectional propagation over the common fiber has been investigated. Experimental results show satisfactory receiver sensitivity, indicating the format's suitability as an enabler for very high bit rates in future TDM-PONs.
{"title":"D8PSK/OOK bidirectional transmission over a TDM-PON","authors":"N. Sotiropoulos, T. Koonen, H. de Waardt","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253937","url":null,"abstract":"Transmission of a 7.5 Gb/s Differential 8 Phase-Shift Keying (D8PSK) signal, capable of encoding three bits per symbol per polarization, has been demonstrated over an amplified Time-Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network (TDM-PON) for the first time. The incoherent multilevel receiver is laser-free and utilizes DSP to reduce complexity in the optical domain. A Directly Modulated Laser (DML) operating at 2.5 Gb/s provided a low-cost upstream channel. The performance of both channels after transmission over 25 km of fiber has been evaluated and the effect of bidirectional propagation over the common fiber has been investigated. Experimental results show satisfactory receiver sensitivity, indicating the format's suitability as an enabler for very high bit rates in future TDM-PONs.","PeriodicalId":217442,"journal":{"name":"2012 14th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116703003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-02DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253925
S. Boscolo, C. Finot
Nonlinear phenomena occurring in optical fibres have many attractive features and great, but not yet fully explored potential in signal processing. Here, we review recent progress on the use of fibre nonlinearities for the generation and shaping of optical pulses, and on the applications of advanced pulse waveforms in all-optical signal processing. Among other topics, we will discuss ultrahigh repetition-rate pulse sources, the generation of parabolic-shaped pulses in active and passive fibres, the generation of pulses with triangular temporal profiles, and coherent supercontinuum sources. The signal processing applications will span optical regeneration, linear distortion compensation, optical decision at the receiver in optical communication systems, spectral and temporal signal doubling, and frequency conversion.
{"title":"Nonlinearly generated advanced pulse waveforms for optical signal processing","authors":"S. Boscolo, C. Finot","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253925","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear phenomena occurring in optical fibres have many attractive features and great, but not yet fully explored potential in signal processing. Here, we review recent progress on the use of fibre nonlinearities for the generation and shaping of optical pulses, and on the applications of advanced pulse waveforms in all-optical signal processing. Among other topics, we will discuss ultrahigh repetition-rate pulse sources, the generation of parabolic-shaped pulses in active and passive fibres, the generation of pulses with triangular temporal profiles, and coherent supercontinuum sources. The signal processing applications will span optical regeneration, linear distortion compensation, optical decision at the receiver in optical communication systems, spectral and temporal signal doubling, and frequency conversion.","PeriodicalId":217442,"journal":{"name":"2012 14th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116796339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-02DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253839
P. Monti, S. Tombaz, L. Wosinska, J. Zander
Mobile communication networks account for 0.5% of the global energy consumption, a value that is expected to double within the next five years. For this reason, means of reducing the energy consumption in cellular mobile radio networks has recently gained great interest within the research community. In mobile networks the backhaul contribution to the total power consumption is usually neglected because of its limited impact compared to that of the radio base stations. However, meeting the almost exponential increase in mobile data traffic requires a large number of (mainly small) base stations. This means that backhaul networks will take a significant share of the cost and the energy consumption in future systems. Their actual contribution to the energy consumption will depend on the radio base station deployment scenario as well as on the technology and topology choices for the backhaul itself. This paper presents an initial assessment of the power consumption of two established backhaul technologies, i.e., fiber and microwave. For the microwave case, three backhaul topologies are considered, i.e., tree, ring and star, while for the fiber case only one topology is analysed, i.e., a dedicated point-to-point star. The presented results, assuming off-the-shelf products and based on todays network capacity levels, confirm the importance of considering the backhaul when minimizing the total power consumption in heterogeneous network scenarios. They also show the impact of the basic technology and topology choices of the backhaul for minimizing total power consumption.
{"title":"Mobile backhaul in heterogeneous network deployments: Technology options and power consumption","authors":"P. Monti, S. Tombaz, L. Wosinska, J. Zander","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253839","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile communication networks account for 0.5% of the global energy consumption, a value that is expected to double within the next five years. For this reason, means of reducing the energy consumption in cellular mobile radio networks has recently gained great interest within the research community. In mobile networks the backhaul contribution to the total power consumption is usually neglected because of its limited impact compared to that of the radio base stations. However, meeting the almost exponential increase in mobile data traffic requires a large number of (mainly small) base stations. This means that backhaul networks will take a significant share of the cost and the energy consumption in future systems. Their actual contribution to the energy consumption will depend on the radio base station deployment scenario as well as on the technology and topology choices for the backhaul itself. This paper presents an initial assessment of the power consumption of two established backhaul technologies, i.e., fiber and microwave. For the microwave case, three backhaul topologies are considered, i.e., tree, ring and star, while for the fiber case only one topology is analysed, i.e., a dedicated point-to-point star. The presented results, assuming off-the-shelf products and based on todays network capacity levels, confirm the importance of considering the backhaul when minimizing the total power consumption in heterogeneous network scenarios. They also show the impact of the basic technology and topology choices of the backhaul for minimizing total power consumption.","PeriodicalId":217442,"journal":{"name":"2012 14th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121137011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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