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Ukrainian Social Changes in the Novel Twelve Circles by Yurii Andrukhovych 尤里·安德鲁霍维奇小说《十二圈》中的乌克兰社会变迁
Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.13189/sa.2018.061204
Janja Vollmaier Lubej
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引用次数: 0
The Everyday Life Uncertainties of HIV/AIDS Diseased Bodies in the Era of HIV/AIDS Treatment in Kenya 肯尼亚艾滋病毒/艾滋病治疗时代艾滋病毒/艾滋病病体的日常生活不确定性
Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.13189/sa.2018.061202
Eric R. Masese, Ednah N Masita
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引用次数: 0
Tenets of Wesleyan Evangelical Revival in Mainline Protestant Churches in Nigeria 尼日利亚主流新教教会卫斯理福音复兴的信条
Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.13189/sa.2018.061201
Eugene Ikechukwu Ukaoha
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引用次数: 0
Fair Prices to Achieve a Living Income for Small Farmers and Its Relation to Local Food Purchase Programs 为小农实现生活收入的公平价格及其与当地食品采购计划的关系
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.13189/SA.2018.061103
Ruud Bronkhorst
Based on the Living Income concept, a methodology has been developed to calculate ‘fair’ prices for peasants for different crops. Application of this method can guide both policy makers and companies in their development of ‘ethical’ policies, based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. “Everyone who works has the right to just and favorable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity...” An explanation of the living income / fair price methodology and a practical example of its application, is followed by arguments why market prices are not sufficient to combat poverty among peasants and why a paradigm shift from the use of prices decided by the market with all its imperfections, to an approach founded on ethics is needed. Particular attention is given to local food purchase programs.
基于生活收入概念,已经开发出一种方法来计算农民对不同作物的“公平”价格。这种方法的应用可以指导决策者和公司在《世界人权宣言》的基础上制定“道德”政策。“凡从事劳动的人都有权获得公正和优厚的报酬,以保证他本人和他的家庭过一种配得上人的尊严的生活……”对生活收入/公平价格方法的解释及其应用的实际例子,随后论述了为什么市场价格不足以消除农民的贫困,以及为什么需要从使用由市场决定的价格(其所有缺陷)转变为基于道德的方法。特别关注的是当地的食品采购计划。
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引用次数: 0
Intertextuality and Dialectics of the Self in Barnes's The Sense of an Ending and in Tolstoy's Anna Karenina 巴恩斯《终结感》与托尔斯泰《安娜·卡列尼娜》的互文性与自我辩证法
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.13189/sa.2018.061101
Elena Bollinger
The article examines the literary relationship between The Sense of an Ending and Anna Karenina. Following Kristeva’s definition of intertextuality, resting upon the complex dialogic way in which words become intertwined in a literary work of art, it pursues the analysis of permeability of a literary act. The comparative reading process of The Sense of an Ending and of Anna Karenina brings to light the importance of the dialogical principle present in these texts, both in structural and thematic terms. The sense of strangeness or unfathomability involved in the encounter with otherness arises questions about the epistemological nature of the cultural web that constitutes uniqueness. The evocation of the self and of alterity announced in the element of unfamiliarity and resistance in its confrontation with the other helps us to penetrate deeper into the realm of subjectivity. The relationship of The Sense of an Ending to Anna Karenina, revisited in this article, rests upon comparative analysis of discursive practices employed in both texts. The analysis describes a host of symbolic ways in which The Sense of an Ending exploits consciousness and ideas from Anna Karenina, setting up reader’s perception that the creation of literary texts arises mostly from the permanent contact of these texts with prior texts. Emphasizing Bakhtin’s [1] idea that this contact is “a dialogic contact between several literary works of art” (p.162), the article reflects on different communicative practices, including both the identification of literary sources and the anticipation of future meditations on reading a sense of literary memory as observed in these texts. Specifically, revisiting philosophical reflections on the sense of a self, proposed in Anna Karenina, The Sense of an Ending achieves a connection between personal and collective levels in a process by which literary memory exploits the issue of identity.
本文考察了《终结感》与《安娜·卡列尼娜》的文学关系。本文遵循克里斯蒂娃对互文性的定义,以文学艺术作品中文字相互交织的复杂对话方式为基础,对文学行为的渗透性进行分析。通过对《结束的意义》和《安娜·卡列尼娜》的对比阅读,我们可以看出这两篇文章中对话原则在结构和主题两方面的重要性。与他者相遇的陌生感或深不可测感引发了关于构成独特性的文化网络的认识论本质的问题。在与他者的对抗中,在不熟悉和抵抗的元素中所宣布的自我和异象的唤起,帮助我们深入到主体性的领域。本文对《安娜·卡列尼娜》与《结束的意义》的关系进行了重新审视,并将其建立在对两篇文本中话语实践的比较分析之上。分析描述了《终结感》利用《安娜·卡列尼娜》的意识和思想的一系列象征性方式,使读者认识到文学文本的创作主要来自这些文本与先前文本的永久接触。强调巴赫金[1]的观点,即这种接触是“几部文学艺术作品之间的对话接触”(第162页),文章反思了不同的交际实践,包括对文学来源的识别,以及对阅读这些文本中所观察到的文学记忆感的未来沉思的预期。具体来说,通过回顾《安娜·卡列尼娜》中提出的对自我意识的哲学思考,《终结感》在文学记忆利用身份问题的过程中,实现了个人和集体层面之间的联系。
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引用次数: 0
Mongolian Rural Youth Participation in the Politics: Research Comparative Analysis for Age Group for 18-45 蒙古农村青年政治参与:18-45岁年龄组的研究比较分析
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.13189/SA.2018.061102
K. Oidov, Tserennadmid Chuluunbaatar
The paper attempts to make an analysis on the rural youth perception in the political activeness and motivations in the governing decisions. Especially, we investigated by the current status of education in the rural citizens in the following prospects of a/ educational status, b/ working positions, c/ social status, d/ political interests, e/ detachment to the politics, f/its reasons and social membership etc. The paper also reviews data on changes and prospects between rural youth under the age groups i.e. 18-24, 25-34, and 35-45. In accordance with analysis that comparatively with youth age classification and political interests, shown pre or upper youth ages responded that they are interested in politics and making new steps to change the social situation. Even though, youth who are aging up to that age group would like to participate in governing decisions with their activeness and motivations to reach their voices of freedom. In regard to above mentioned comparative analysis, the calculation of the political interests, detachment to politics, social membership and other circumstances towards political activeness and motivations of youth living in rural area. Such as youth level and types of profession, social membership or status are mostly dependent upon youth`s social positions. Respectively, authors attempted to conduct a comparative data analysis on the series of researches on youth political participation and their activeness, motivations in the current socio-political orientations and trends of youth social responsibilities and accountabilities. The paper has simply used main data bases on sociological survey data on “Rural lifestyles” which was conducted in Dundgobi, Sukhbaatar, Arkhangai, Selenge and Bayan-Ulgii aimags in 2015-2016 by the Department of Sociology and Social Psychology at the Institute of Philosophy of Mongolian Academy of Sciences. The rural area is divided into three levels of administrative units namely aimag (provincial center) soum center (the second smallest administrative unit in rural provinces), countryside or bag (the smallest administrative unit in rural areas) distant from soum center of afore mentioned aimags.
本文试图对农村青年在执政决策中的政治主动性和政治动机感知进行分析。特别是,我们从a/教育地位、b/工作岗位、c/社会地位、d/政治利益、e/政治脱离、f/其原因和社会成员等几个方面对农村公民的受教育现状进行了调查。本文还回顾了18-24岁、25-34岁和35-45岁年龄组农村青年之间的变化和前景数据。根据分析,与青年年龄分类和政治兴趣相比,显示出前或上青年年龄对政治感兴趣,并采取新的措施来改变社会状况。尽管如此,年龄在这个年龄段的年轻人愿意以他们的积极性和动机参与管理决策,以达到他们自由的声音。在上述对比分析中,对农村青年的政治利益、政治超然、社会成员等情况对其政治活跃度和动机的影响进行了计算。如青年的水平和职业类型,社会成员或地位大多取决于青年的社会地位。分别试图对青年政治参与的系列研究及其在当前社会政治取向和青年社会责任与问责趋势下的活跃度、动机进行比较数据分析。本文仅以蒙古科学院哲学研究所社会学与社会心理学系2015-2016年在敦戈比、苏赫巴托尔、阿尔汗盖、色楞格和巴彦-乌尔吉地区进行的“农村生活方式”社会学调查数据为主要数据基础。农村地区分为三级行政单位,即aimag(省中心),soum center(农村省份第二小的行政单位),rural or bag(农村地区最小的行政单位)远离上述省份的soum中心。
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引用次数: 0
Urbanisation and Energy Crisis: the Case of Lagos State 城市化与能源危机:以拉各斯州为例
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.13189/SA.2018.061105
L. Olurode, W. Isola, Demola Adebisi
The study employed in-depth interviews to collect information from households living in the upper class areas of Magodo, Lagos and those living in the slum areas of Iwaya. The locations were chosen purposively. The responses from the interviewees indicate that both high and lower neighbourhoods in Lagos experience epileptic power supply and that resident have learnt to cope with the power situation using diverse strategies of coping. The various responding mechanisms adopted by those consumers, however, are based on financial capabilities. From the interviews conducted, it was apparent that both high income and low income families tend towards the use of generators. However, they also make use of lamps and solar energy in few cases. Also, both classes of families use gas stoves as an alternative to electric stoves for cooking. And occasionally they use kerosene stoves. Planning ahead was a recurring feature among the households, which indicated how they prepared for the eventualities of power outages. The study concludes that the way out of the problem is to fully implement the Power Sector Reforms. In addition, there is the urgent need to diversify the sources of generating electricity in Nigeria and mitigate the problem of corruption, which has been the bane of the sector over the years.
该研究采用深度访谈的方式,从居住在拉各斯马多上流社会地区的家庭和居住在岩屋贫民窟地区的家庭中收集信息。地点的选择是有目的的。受访者的回答表明,拉各斯的高层和低层社区都经历了电力供应的癫痫,居民们已经学会了使用不同的应对策略来应对电力状况。然而,这些消费者采用的各种反应机制是基于经济能力的。从进行的访谈中可以明显看出,高收入和低收入家庭都倾向于使用发电机。然而,在少数情况下,它们也会使用灯和太阳能。此外,这两类家庭都使用煤气灶来替代电炉做饭。他们偶尔也用煤油炉。提前计划是家庭中反复出现的一个特征,这表明他们如何为可能发生的停电做准备。研究得出结论,解决这一问题的出路是全面实施电力部门改革。此外,迫切需要使尼日利亚的发电来源多样化,并减轻腐败问题,腐败问题多年来一直是该部门的祸根。
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引用次数: 5
Sociological Problem and Social Problem: Contributions to a Discussion 社会学问题和社会问题:讨论贡献
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.13189/sa.2018.061104
Sandro Serpa, C. Ferreira
The creation of a scientific object constructed by a theoretical framework that shapes the view of Sociology as a science and that translates into a sociological problem is one of the vital stages of sociological knowledge. However, both literature and our experience in teaching Sociology in programmes that train future sociologists, as well as in other training programmes, demonstrate that there is often some confusion and difficulty in distinguishing sociological problem from social problem. In this reflection, which is based on a perspective from Portugal – where the authors teach and carry out research –, necessarily open to debate considering all the risks that this kind of analysis entails, we aim to put forward our stance on the topic of the relationship between sociological problem and social problem.
社会学知识的重要阶段之一是,由形成社会学作为一门科学的观点并转化为社会学问题的理论框架所构建的科学对象的创造。然而,无论是文献还是我们在培养未来社会学家的课程中教授社会学的经验,以及在其他培训课程中教授社会学的经验,都表明,在区分社会学问题和社会问题方面往往存在一些混淆和困难。在这个反思中,这是基于葡萄牙的观点-作者在那里教学和开展研究-考虑到这种分析所带来的所有风险,必须开放辩论,我们的目标是提出我们对社会学问题和社会问题之间关系的主题的立场。
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引用次数: 14
Globalization and the Question of African Identity 全球化与非洲认同问题
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.13189/SA.2018.061005
Damian Ilodigwe
A prominent feature of the contemporary society in the last couple of decades is the phenomenon of globalization. While globalization has brought immense benefits to Africa on the one hand, Africa's entrance into and participation in the global scene has also precipitated a crisis of confusion and identity for Africa–a situation which is analogous to the effect of her encounter with colonialism, so that unless the dialectic of identity and difference that inevitably arises from this situation is constructively managed, it will be difficult for Africa to make the best of the opportunities inherent in globalization. Given that no one can make the best of any opportunity for interaction with others unless one is clear about one's identity and priorities, a major challenge Africa has to address in the context of globalization is the need to assume personal responsibility in defining her priorities and interests such as to allow these to inform her engagement with the various participants in the global world. More often than not, the Achilles heel of Africa is lack of clear focus in respect of her priorities as well as failure to allow her interests to drive her engagement with other participants in the global system. To reverse the situation of dependency which this mode of operation fosters, we argue that, Africa not only needs to relocate her locus of control internally and put in place a strong regime of internal democracy based on rule of law to tackle the menace of corruption and mismanagement that have undermined development initiatives since independence, but more importantly Africa needs to be allowed to assert itself by ensuring certain equity, justice and balance in the inner workings of the International System so that the environment is enabling and not paralyzing as far as the operation of various stakeholders within the system is concerned especially African countries.
在过去的几十年里,当代社会的一个显著特征是全球化现象。全球化一方面给非洲带来了巨大的利益,但非洲进入和参与全球舞台也引发了非洲的困惑和认同危机——这种情况类似于非洲遭遇殖民主义的影响,因此,除非这种情况不可避免地产生的认同和差异的辩证法得到建设性的管理,非洲将很难充分利用全球化所固有的机会。鉴于没有人能够充分利用与他人互动的机会,除非一个人清楚自己的身份和优先事项,非洲在全球化背景下必须解决的一个主要挑战是,需要承担个人责任,确定自己的优先事项和利益,以便让这些事项和利益影响到她与全球世界各种参与者的接触。非洲的阿喀琉斯之踵往往是在优先事项方面缺乏明确的重点,以及未能让自己的利益推动自己与全球体系中其他参与者的接触。为了扭转这种运作模式所造成的依赖局面,我们认为,非洲不仅需要重新调整其内部的控制中心,并建立一个基于法治的强有力的内部民主制度,以解决自独立以来破坏发展倡议的腐败和管理不善的威胁,而且更重要的是,需要允许非洲通过确保某些公平来维护自己。国际系统内部运作的公正和平衡,以便就系统内各利益攸关方的运作而言,特别是非洲国家的运作而言,环境是有利的,而不是瘫痪的。
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引用次数: 0
Older People in a Long-term Regeneration Neighbourhood. An Exploratory Panel Study of Ageing in Place in Hoogvliet, Rotterdam 长期再生社区中的老年人。鹿特丹Hoogvliet的一项关于老龄化的探索性小组研究
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.13189/SA.2018.061001
R. Kleinhans, L. Veldboer, M. Ham, S. Jansen
Ageing of the population in European cities creates fundamental challenges with regard to employment, pensions, health care and other age-related services. Many older people want to live independent lives as long as possible. This aspiration is currently strongly supported by many local governments. A precondition for 'ageing in place' is that older people perceive their neighbourhoods as familiar and safe places. In the Netherlands, many neighbourhoods with an ageing population have been subject to urban restructuring policies. An important question is to what extent such policies affect the housing situation, socioeconomic position and social support networks of older people, as these factors strongly assist their ability to 'age in place'. The paper answers this question through an exploratory analysis of a small but unique panel data set from Hoogvliet, a large urban restructuring area in the city of Rotterdam. The partly counter-intuitive results show that restructuring has enabled 'ageing in place'. Compared to stayers, movers within Hoogvliet often report improved housing quality and positive neighbourhood change. The exploratory analyses did not provide evidence of decreased social support or increased loneliness through restructuring-induced disruptions of social ties. Various 'buffer measures' have been effective in preventing negative restructuring impacts on older residents.
欧洲城市人口老龄化给就业、养老金、保健和其他与年龄有关的服务带来了根本性挑战。许多老年人希望尽可能长时间地独立生活。这一愿望目前得到了许多地方政府的大力支持。“就地养老”的一个先决条件是老年人认为他们的社区是熟悉和安全的地方。在荷兰,许多人口老龄化的社区都受到城市改组政策的影响。一个重要的问题是,这些政策在多大程度上影响老年人的住房状况、社会经济地位和社会支持网络,因为这些因素有力地帮助他们“就地养老”的能力。本文通过对鹿特丹市大型城市重组区Hoogvliet的小型但独特的面板数据集进行探索性分析,回答了这个问题。部分违反直觉的结果表明,重组使“老化到位”成为可能。与住在Hoogvliet的人相比,搬家的人经常报告说,他们的住房质量得到了改善,社区也发生了积极的变化。探索性分析并没有提供证据表明社会支持的减少或孤独感的增加是由社会关系的重构引起的。各种“缓冲措施”有效防止结构调整对年长居民的负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Sociology and anthropology
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