Pub Date : 2020-11-02DOI: 10.1109/BCCA50787.2020.9274086
Maarten Vergouwen, T. Koens, E. Poll
There is an ongoing interest in blockchain by organisations and governments in the Netherlands. In this research we aim to determine what positive and negative factors influence blockchain adoption in the Netherlands. We achieve this by interviewing eight blockchain experts and by analysing the factors that are top of mind among these experts.We anticipated that the majority of the experts would mention the technological advantages of blockchain as a prevalent factor that drives adoption. Surprisingly, our research suggests a disconnect between blockchain adoption and its technological advantages. By contrast, a prevalent factor that drives blockchain adoption is competitive pressure, according to the majority of experts. Also, based on the analysis of the interviews we introduce two new drivers, 1. Being willing to collaborate, and 2. Problem match. We also identify two factors that are an impediment for blockchain adoption according to the majority of the experts, 1. Lack of regulation on blockchain, and 2. Lack of knowledge about blockchain properties by non-experts. Our work is useful as organisations and governments may want to reconsider their rationale for adopting blockchain. If a rationale exists for adopting blockchain then these organisations and governments can focus on the impediments of blockchain adoption.
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Pub Date : 2020-11-02DOI: 10.1109/BCCA50787.2020.9274452
Alend Jarjis, G. Kadir
recently, wireless ad-hoc networks have become a significant component in the digital revolution and smart cities. The heterogeneity and high-mobility in smart city systems have arisen the need for the mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) emerges as an efficient routing protocol in MANET is based on the less overhead by reducing message exchange with limited information. However, this creates a weakness as nodes have limited knowledge about other nodes’ identity inside the path beyond the neighboring node (node in transmission range). That prevents the participant from authenticating others and has limited capability to check the integrity of the exchanged information. To accomplish this, it requires a further exchange of messages that defeat the AODV main principle and causes extra overhead that drains the portable devices’ limited battery energy inside the network. This paper used the blockchain concept to generate a hashed identifier from the node’s IP and passed between nodes inside the path during the route discovery that provides assurance about the identity of the node and keeps the integrity of the exchanged information. Additionally, Simulation results using (Riverbed/Opnet) of the attack scenario show that the proposed algorithm prevents impersonation and black-hole attacks by eliminating the path that involves malicious nodes with a (4 millisecond) increase in route discovery time.
近年来，无线自组织网络已成为数字革命和智慧城市的重要组成部分。智慧城市系统的异构性和高移动性使得人们对移动自组网(MANET)产生了需求。自组织按需距离矢量(Ad hoc on - demand Distance Vector, AODV)是一种高效的无线局域网路由协议，它通过减少有限信息下的消息交换来减少开销。然而，这产生了一个弱点，因为节点对相邻节点(传输范围内的节点)之外的路径内其他节点的身份的了解有限。这阻止了参与者对其他人进行身份验证，并且限制了检查交换信息完整性的能力。为了实现这一点，它需要进一步的消息交换，这破坏了AODV主原理，并导致额外的开销，耗尽了网络中便携式设备有限的电池能量。本文使用区块链概念从节点的IP生成一个散列标识符，并在路由发现过程中在路径内的节点之间传递，以保证节点的身份并保持交换信息的完整性。此外，使用(Riverbed/Opnet)的攻击场景仿真结果表明，该算法通过消除涉及恶意节点的路径来防止模拟和黑洞攻击，路由发现时间增加(4毫秒)。
{"title":"Blockchain Authentication for AODV Routing Protocol","authors":"Alend Jarjis, G. Kadir","doi":"10.1109/BCCA50787.2020.9274452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCCA50787.2020.9274452","url":null,"abstract":"recently, wireless ad-hoc networks have become a significant component in the digital revolution and smart cities. The heterogeneity and high-mobility in smart city systems have arisen the need for the mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) emerges as an efficient routing protocol in MANET is based on the less overhead by reducing message exchange with limited information. However, this creates a weakness as nodes have limited knowledge about other nodes’ identity inside the path beyond the neighboring node (node in transmission range). That prevents the participant from authenticating others and has limited capability to check the integrity of the exchanged information. To accomplish this, it requires a further exchange of messages that defeat the AODV main principle and causes extra overhead that drains the portable devices’ limited battery energy inside the network. This paper used the blockchain concept to generate a hashed identifier from the node’s IP and passed between nodes inside the path during the route discovery that provides assurance about the identity of the node and keeps the integrity of the exchanged information. Additionally, Simulation results using (Riverbed/Opnet) of the attack scenario show that the proposed algorithm prevents impersonation and black-hole attacks by eliminating the path that involves malicious nodes with a (4 millisecond) increase in route discovery time.","PeriodicalId":218474,"journal":{"name":"2020 Second International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128423513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-02DOI: 10.1109/BCCA50787.2020.9274084
Antoine Durand, G. Hébert, Khalifa Toumi, G. Memmi, E. Anceaume
Blockchains have seen a recent rise in popularity as a generic solution for trustless distributed applications across a wide range of industries. However, blockchain protocols have faced scalability issues in applications involving a growing number of participants. In this paper we instantiate and evaluate StakeCube, a proposal for a scalable shard-based distributed ledger. We further detail and tune a byzantine agreement algorithm suited for StakeCube’s sharding structure, and we experimentally study and asses its performance, especially regarding scalability. We were successfully able to run StakeCube with up to 5000 participants, confirming up to 1100 bytes/s of transaction, with a confirmation time starting at 200 seconds. Finally, we use StakeCube in a large scale energy marketplace application, and show that a node running on a Raspberry Pi Zero is able to handle the load without issues.
最近，区块链作为一种通用的解决方案，在广泛的行业中被广泛应用于无信任的分布式应用程序，越来越受欢迎。然而，区块链协议在涉及越来越多参与者的应用程序中面临可扩展性问题。在本文中，我们实例化并评估了一种可扩展的基于分片的分布式账本——StakeCube。我们进一步细化和调优了适合于stacecube分片结构的拜占庭协议算法，并通过实验研究和评估了其性能，特别是在可扩展性方面。我们成功地运行了多达5000个参与者的StakeCube，确认交易的速度高达1100字节/秒，确认时间从200秒开始。最后，我们在一个大规模的能源市场应用程序中使用了stacecube，并证明了在Raspberry Pi Zero上运行的节点能够毫无问题地处理负载。
{"title":"The StakeCube blockchain : Instantiation, Evaluation & Applications","authors":"Antoine Durand, G. Hébert, Khalifa Toumi, G. Memmi, E. Anceaume","doi":"10.1109/BCCA50787.2020.9274084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCCA50787.2020.9274084","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchains have seen a recent rise in popularity as a generic solution for trustless distributed applications across a wide range of industries. However, blockchain protocols have faced scalability issues in applications involving a growing number of participants. In this paper we instantiate and evaluate StakeCube, a proposal for a scalable shard-based distributed ledger. We further detail and tune a byzantine agreement algorithm suited for StakeCube’s sharding structure, and we experimentally study and asses its performance, especially regarding scalability. We were successfully able to run StakeCube with up to 5000 participants, confirming up to 1100 bytes/s of transaction, with a confirmation time starting at 200 seconds. Finally, we use StakeCube in a large scale energy marketplace application, and show that a node running on a Raspberry Pi Zero is able to handle the load without issues.","PeriodicalId":218474,"journal":{"name":"2020 Second International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130032888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-02DOI: 10.1109/BCCA50787.2020.9274465
Aman Pandey, H. Chaouchi
Internet is taking a turn; services are moving more from centralised to decentralised approach bringing in the revolutions and speeds in the large-industrial applications and energy sector. These sectors are large scale and need a reliable and robust big network for its activities to work. In this paper, we try to support the Public Blockchains as the base for large country-wide networks to carry on its activities. We discuss the SABRE(Secure and Scalable Bitcoin Relay Network), which is a novel relay network designed as a countermeasure of the BGP highjacking attacks on the Bitcoin Network. We see how this method can be generalised for all the Blockchains and how it helps to reach a better network trust. We also discuss that it creates a market place out of block propagation while serving the needs of targetted country-wide Blockchain networks.
{"title":"Employing SABRE relay network for Country-Wide Blockchain network","authors":"Aman Pandey, H. Chaouchi","doi":"10.1109/BCCA50787.2020.9274465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCCA50787.2020.9274465","url":null,"abstract":"Internet is taking a turn; services are moving more from centralised to decentralised approach bringing in the revolutions and speeds in the large-industrial applications and energy sector. These sectors are large scale and need a reliable and robust big network for its activities to work. In this paper, we try to support the Public Blockchains as the base for large country-wide networks to carry on its activities. We discuss the SABRE(Secure and Scalable Bitcoin Relay Network), which is a novel relay network designed as a countermeasure of the BGP highjacking attacks on the Bitcoin Network. We see how this method can be generalised for all the Blockchains and how it helps to reach a better network trust. We also discuss that it creates a market place out of block propagation while serving the needs of targetted country-wide Blockchain networks.","PeriodicalId":218474,"journal":{"name":"2020 Second International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129992254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-02DOI: 10.1109/BCCA50787.2020.9274459
S. Thakur, J. Breslin
Social Internet of Things (SIoT) enables IoT devices to discover the services offered by each other using a social network. The social network connects two devices if they have a common owner or both manufactured by the same company or they are situated at the same location etc. Centralized SIoT platforms have security and privacy problems. We advance the state of art in SIoT as we have developed a decentralized SIoT platform. In a decentralized SIoT platform, the services provided by a device is only known to its neighbours. Due to such characteristics of decentralized SIoT platform, there are several challenges in designing it, such as verification of social neighbourhood, privacy-preserving search in SIoTs, and scalability of SIoT platform. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based SIoT platform to mitigate these problems. Our main contributions are: We developed a decentralized SIoT platform that allows secure privacy-preserving method to verify social neighbourhood a device, we developed a protocol to find devices in the decentralized SIoT and we developed a high scale decentralized SIoT platform using blockchain offline channels. We prove the proposed decentralized SIoT platform is privacy-preserving, secure, and scalable.
{"title":"A Model of Decentralized Social Internet of Things using Blockchain Offline Channels","authors":"S. Thakur, J. Breslin","doi":"10.1109/BCCA50787.2020.9274459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCCA50787.2020.9274459","url":null,"abstract":"Social Internet of Things (SIoT) enables IoT devices to discover the services offered by each other using a social network. The social network connects two devices if they have a common owner or both manufactured by the same company or they are situated at the same location etc. Centralized SIoT platforms have security and privacy problems. We advance the state of art in SIoT as we have developed a decentralized SIoT platform. In a decentralized SIoT platform, the services provided by a device is only known to its neighbours. Due to such characteristics of decentralized SIoT platform, there are several challenges in designing it, such as verification of social neighbourhood, privacy-preserving search in SIoTs, and scalability of SIoT platform. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based SIoT platform to mitigate these problems. Our main contributions are: We developed a decentralized SIoT platform that allows secure privacy-preserving method to verify social neighbourhood a device, we developed a protocol to find devices in the decentralized SIoT and we developed a high scale decentralized SIoT platform using blockchain offline channels. We prove the proposed decentralized SIoT platform is privacy-preserving, secure, and scalable.","PeriodicalId":218474,"journal":{"name":"2020 Second International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126976494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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