Shika Kiso Igakkai zasshi = Japanese journal of oral biology最新文献

This study was made on the origin, ramifications and distribution features of the submental artery in 50 adult cats utilizing acryl plastic injection method, with discussion about the comparative angiology of the maxillo-facial region. The submental artery of the cat arose from the facial artery at the posterolateral margin of the mylohyoideus muscle in an aspect of a course continuation of the facial artery. But the submental artery in one case arose directly from the external carotid artery at the same portion as the usual origin of the facial artery. The submental artery passed anteroinferomedially between the insertion of the digastricus and the origin of the mylohyoideus muscle with the mylohyoid nerve up to the anterolateral end of the mylohyoideus muscle, where it gave rise to the sublingual artery. The submental artery continued towards the inferoposterior end of the intermandibular synchondrosis beneath the genioglossus muscle originating from the inferior border of the mandible, where it became the median branch by anastomosing with the opposite fellow at the median region. Principal ramifications were observed as follows: the sublingual artery, the premasseteric, the digastric, the mylohyoid, the cutaneous, the genioglossal and the median branches. The general angiological aspect of the submental artery in the cat was similar to that in the dog, except its peripheral ramifications. Lingual gingivae of the lower incisors of the cat were supplied by the median branch of the submental artery, but those of the dog by the sublingual artery. Anastomoses between the bilateral submental arteries were found in many cases of the cat, while unilaterally between the submental and the sublingual arteries in the dog.

The localization of chromogranin A and B, beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin was immunocytochemically investigated in the submandibular salivary gland (SMG) and pancreas of male mice using different antibodies. Procedures were carried out with different immunocytochemical methods, such as peroxidase-antiperoxidase and indirect immunofluorescence methods, visualized with diamino-benzidine, 4-chloro-1-naphthol and FITC stainings. Chromogranin A immunoreactivity was located in the granular convoluted tubule cells (GCT), whereas chromogranin B immunoreactivity was located in some of the solitary cells scattered around the acini, but not in GCT of SMG. In the pancreas, different localizations were observed between chromogranin A and B. Beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin immunoreactivities were also located in GCT, but in the striated duct cells as well. However, met-enkephalin, but not beta-endorphin, immunoreactivity was found in the nerves around the duct system. Our results strongly suggest that chromogranin A, but not chromogranin B, may be useful as a means to differentiate the cells in the duct system of the SMG responsible for production of biologically-active factors.

The surface structure of the connective tissue papillae (CP) of Suncus murinus tongue was observed by SEM after fixing with Karnovsky's fixative and removal of the epithelial cell layer with 3N or 8N HCl. On the surface of the slender conical tongue, there are densely distributed filiform papillae among which fungiform papillae are seen sporadically. A pair of vallate papillae are situated in the posterior region of the tongue. Filiform papillae appear somewhat different externally depending on the dorsal surface of the anterior tongue. At the tip of the tongue, filiform papillae are of a slender conical shape and have a slight depression in the anterior basal portion. The CP of these is seen as a spherical protrusion on which a shallow groove runs in the anteroposterior direction. In the middle region, somewhat large filiform papillae contain CP having one or two small round head-like structures on each spherical protrusion. These head-like structures are increased in number in the posterior region. In the most posterior region of the anterior tongue, there are distributed large filiform papillae having several slender protrusions that surround a basal anterior depression. These large branched filiform papillae have a glove finger like CP. Small conical filiform papillae are distributed in the posterior marginal region of the anterior tongue which have CP of a horse-shoe like protrusion that opens in the anterior direction. Spherical fungiform papillae have CP which are thick columnar in shape with many lateral thin folds running vertically and having a round depression on the top of each. CP of the vallate papillae appear as a beehive like structure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Morphometric assessment including epithelial indices which express morphological features of the epithelium, mitotic index, mean nuclear area, mean form factor of the nucleus and cellular infiltration in the stroma was performed in 14 cases with oral non-dysplastic epithelium and 66 cases with dysplastic epithelium. The results from morphometry showed a close relationship to the histological severity of dysplasia determined by the histological criteria of Bánóczy. Immunohistochemical localization of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were investigated in 14 cases of non-dysplastic epithelium, 66 cases of dysplastic epithelium and 16 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, and compared with the morphometric results. Positive rates of CEA and EMA reaction in epithelial dysplasia increased with the advance of the dysplastic grade. Those of EGF reaction decreased with the advance of the dysplastic grade. It is suggested that morphometry and immunohistochemistry are useful in confirmation of the histological severity of oral epithelial dysplasia.

By analyzing integrated intensities of X-ray diffraction patterns and X-ray diffractograms obtained from the two zones of the Hunter-Schreger bands, it was deduced that the ratio of the sums of the integrated intensities and the degree of preferred orientation of the crystal aggregates in both zones of the bands were almost the same in value, but the fiber axes of the two zones were oriented in different directions. From these experimental observations and a consideration of the effect of the orientation of the enamel prisms relative to the incident X-ray beam, it is concluded that the two zones of the bands were calcified evenly and the light and dark zones on the microradiographs were caused by the difference in the orientation of enamel prisms.

This is a basic study designed to elucidate the correlation between the lengths of the hard palate and retropalatal space. We also measured the mean lengths of the hard palate and the retropalatal space, emphasizing on measuring the mean proportional lengths of the hard palate and retropalatal space in relation to the total lengths of these two. This osteometric study was done on 89 adult Japanese dry skulls involving, the measurement of five linear dimensions including two modified dimensions. The lengths of the hard palate had a statistically significant correlation with the retropalatal space length. Clinical significance of this study is that, it will be advantageous for the better assessment of the bony anatomy of palatal inadequacy patients, with speech problems, resulting from abnormalities in the palate and the velopharyngeal port. This study also reports a new term "RETROPALATAL SPACE" to represent the gap in the base of dry skulls between the posterior border of the hard palate and the anterior margin of the for-a men magnum.

This study was an attempt in order to investigate microvascular architecture in various kinds of the filiform papillae of the rat utilizing the plastic injection method. Filiform papillae of the rat were grouped into three types; the simple and the giant conical and the true filiform. Additionally, the simple conical papillae could be subgrouped into type I, II and digitiform papillae, and the forked filiform as an intermediate form between the giant conical and the true filiform, based on their function and microvasculature. The capillary loop of the true filiform papillae was the simplest, hair-pin loop. The basic form of the loop was similar to the loop of the simple conical type I, II, and digitiform papillae respectively, although that of type II, having two or three ascending crura, was the most complicated of the three. Capillary loops of the giant conical papillae consisted of three or five ascending crura which passed upward in the pharyngeal side, the descending crura consisted or similar capillaries and passed downward at the lingual apex side. Each of the crura possessed its own loop. It can be said conclusively that this detailed investigation of the intrapapillary microvascular architecture in the rat has enabled a morphological classification of the papillae to be made.

An attempt to develop a new pulp-dentin slice culture system was carried out using thin slices of rat incisors in order to obtain a better culture method which will be useful for studies of the physiological function of odontoblasts including the mechanism of dentiogenesis. The thin slices of incisors were prepared from mandibles of 4-5-day-old rats, using original equipment that was developed in the present study. They were incubated under stationary and rocking culture conditions with two oxygen tensions (50 and 95%). The hyperbaric condition (30% O2, 2 atm) was also tested. Histological observations, [3H]-proline uptake examination and [3H]-proline autoradiography were carried out in order to estimate the matrix formative ability of odontoblasts. The results showed that the pulp-dentin slice culture system successfully preserved the viability and the matrix formative function of odontoblasts. The rocking culture was more favorable than the stationary culture to maintain the cell viability. The higher oxygen tension improved the matrix formative function of odontoblasts. Satisfactory results were obtained from the rocking culture (95% O2) and the hyperbaric stationary culture (30% O2, 2 atm). These results suggest that a large amount of oxygen may be required for maintaining the functions of odontoblasts in this new pulp-dentin slice culture system.

Nuclear androgen-receptor binding sites in chromatin regions of mouse submandibular gland were studied. Cytosol androgen receptors prelabeled with [3H]androgen interacted with the crude nuclei in mouse submandibular gland and activation of the receptor was a prerequisite for this interaction. After in vivo administration of [3H]androgen to female mice, radioactivities were found in the nuclei purified from submandibular gland tissues and the [3H]androgen-labeled purified nuclei were further digested with micrococcal nuclease. The androgen receptor was found in solubilized, active chromatin fractions which contained mono- and dinucleosomes. By an in vitro exchange assay, endogenous androgen-receptor complexes associated with chromatin binding sites in intact males were found in the solubilized fraction after micrococcal nuclear digestion, whereas such complexes were not found in females. These results suggest that the androgen receptors translocated to the nuclei and became associated with chromatin and that this association occurred in transcriptionally active chromatin regions that were preferentially sensitive to micrococcal nuclease.

The distribution of elastic fibers in the filiform papillae of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 week-old and 6 month-old Suncus (Suncus murinus; insectivora) was examined by both Weigert's resorcin-fuchsin method and ultrastructural means. In the adult Suncus (6 months old), elastic fibers in the connective tissue core of the papillae were aligned perpendicularly to the epithelial surface and formed a palisade-like structure which encircled the margin of each connective tissue core. This characteristic structure was restricted to the filiform papillae in the anterior half of the lingual dorsum. In the filiform papillae of the posterior half, elastic fibers were markedly reduced and the palisade-like structure was not present. This characteristic pattern of elastic fiber distribution was established by 3 weeks of age. These observations reveal a characteristic structure consisting of elastic fibers in the connective tissue core of the filiform papillae and the regional distribution of this structure in the tongue. This suggests that the function of the structure in the connective tissue core is to protect against mechanical stress in mastication. The regional distribution of this structure may reflect the difference of mechanical strength between the anterior and posterior of the tongue caused by tongue movement during mastication.