Pub Date : 2017-07-12DOI: 10.4172/2325-9795.1000270
Tasneem Imam, M. Islam
Question of the necessity of selecting caesarian section for child delivery has been given attention worldwide including Bangladesh, nevertheless the rates of this surgical procedure is growing at a faster rate. The present study sharply focuses on determining the factors influencing caesarian in Bangladesh on the basis of data of the last live birth obtained from BDHS 2014. It appears that decision of the doctors’ result in 71.5% of the caesarian cases and in more than 45% of the CS deliveries the decision was taken at the day of delivery. However, it is evident from a logistic regression analysis that the doctors’ decision alone does not attribute to the increased rate of CS. We observe positive association of CS with increasing age of respondents, urban residence, residing division with relatively modern facilities, higher educational status, delivery in private hospitals, antenatal care by a skilled person, wanted pregnancy at the time of last delivery, mother ever experienced a terminated pregnancy and larger size of child at last birth with the conduction of caesarian section. It is noteworthy that increasing number of home visits decrease CS rates whereas higher frequencies of antenatal visits increase CS deliveries. Besides, in 52.6% of the cases, women had a previous history of caesarian birth before her last live delivery. Therefore, it is extremely important now to have a closer look to all the determinants of CS births and come up withsome useful recommendations against the misuse and abuse of this process.
{"title":"Factors Influencing Caesarian Section: A Case of Bangladesh","authors":"Tasneem Imam, M. Islam","doi":"10.4172/2325-9795.1000270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9795.1000270","url":null,"abstract":"Question of the necessity of selecting caesarian section for child delivery has been given attention worldwide including Bangladesh, nevertheless the rates of this surgical procedure is growing at a faster rate. The present study sharply focuses on determining the factors influencing caesarian in Bangladesh on the basis of data of the last live birth obtained from BDHS 2014. It appears that decision of the doctors’ result in 71.5% of the caesarian cases and in more than 45% of the CS deliveries the decision was taken at the day of delivery. However, it is evident from a logistic regression analysis that the doctors’ decision alone does not attribute to the increased rate of CS. We observe positive association of CS with increasing age of respondents, urban residence, residing division with relatively modern facilities, higher educational status, delivery in private hospitals, antenatal care by a skilled person, wanted pregnancy at the time of last delivery, mother ever experienced a terminated pregnancy and larger size of child at last birth with the conduction of caesarian section. It is noteworthy that increasing number of home visits decrease CS rates whereas higher frequencies of antenatal visits increase CS deliveries. Besides, in 52.6% of the cases, women had a previous history of caesarian birth before her last live delivery. Therefore, it is extremely important now to have a closer look to all the determinants of CS births and come up withsome useful recommendations against the misuse and abuse of this process.","PeriodicalId":218923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens Health, Issues and Care","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133089370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-23DOI: 10.4172/2325-9795.1000267
M. Guèye, A. Diouf, M. Guèye, O. Gassama, P. Moreira, M. F. Dieme, M. Diallo, Fatou Niasse Dia, A. Diouf, J. Moreau
Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify impediments of quality of infertility care units.Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study leaded in two hospitals in Dakar (Senegal): Pikine National Hospital (PNH) and Aristide Le Dantec Teaching Hospital (LDTH) for 18 months from January the 1st 2015 to June 30th 2016. It included all couples presenting in our services for desire for pregnancy.Results: The mean age of women was 32.7 years for women and 40.4 years for men. More than half of couples (51.3%) consulted after 5 years of attempt at conception. In both hospitals andrological history was not reported. Physicians prescribed semen analysis to 77.3% of couples at LDTH and in 31.5% at PNH. Antral follicular count (AFC) was not done in any of the 252 patients. At the LDTH, 75% of patients carried out the prescribed paraclinic exams.Conclusion: In our study we have identified many impediments: unmet need in treating infertility, lack of physicians training, immigration and other social phenomenon (using alternative medicine, non-adherence of spouse in care). Access to infertility treatment is also limited by economics barriers. Physicians’ training is the cornerstones of quality of services.
目的:本研究的目的是确定不孕不育护理单位质量的障碍。患者和方法:本研究在塞内加尔达喀尔的两家医院:Pikine National Hospital (PNH)和Aristide Le Dantec Teaching Hospital (LDTH)进行回顾性研究，时间为2015年1月1日至2016年6月30日，为期18个月。它包括所有来我们服务的想要怀孕的夫妇。结果:女性平均年龄为32.7岁，男性平均年龄为40.4岁。超过一半的夫妇(51.3%)在尝试怀孕5年后咨询。两家医院均未报告男科病史。77.3%的LDTH夫妇和31.5%的PNH夫妇接受医生的精液分析。252例患者均未进行心房卵泡计数(AFC)。在LDTH时，75%的患者进行了规定的门诊检查。结论:在我们的研究中，我们发现了许多障碍:治疗不孕症的需求未得到满足，医生缺乏培训，移民和其他社会现象(使用替代医学，配偶不遵守护理)。获得不孕症治疗也受到经济障碍的限制。医生的培训是服务质量的基石。
{"title":"Impediments of Infertility Units in Low-Income Countries: Two Hospitals Examples in Senegal","authors":"M. Guèye, A. Diouf, M. Guèye, O. Gassama, P. Moreira, M. F. Dieme, M. Diallo, Fatou Niasse Dia, A. Diouf, J. Moreau","doi":"10.4172/2325-9795.1000267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9795.1000267","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify impediments of quality of infertility care units.Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study leaded in two hospitals in Dakar (Senegal): Pikine National Hospital (PNH) and Aristide Le Dantec Teaching Hospital (LDTH) for 18 months from January the 1st 2015 to June 30th 2016. It included all couples presenting in our services for desire for pregnancy.Results: The mean age of women was 32.7 years for women and 40.4 years for men. More than half of couples (51.3%) consulted after 5 years of attempt at conception. In both hospitals andrological history was not reported. Physicians prescribed semen analysis to 77.3% of couples at LDTH and in 31.5% at PNH. Antral follicular count (AFC) was not done in any of the 252 patients. At the LDTH, 75% of patients carried out the prescribed paraclinic exams.Conclusion: In our study we have identified many impediments: unmet need in treating infertility, lack of physicians training, immigration and other social phenomenon (using alternative medicine, non-adherence of spouse in care). Access to infertility treatment is also limited by economics barriers. Physicians’ training is the cornerstones of quality of services.","PeriodicalId":218923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens Health, Issues and Care","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132705554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-19DOI: 10.4172/2325-9795.1000263
S. Morino, Masaki Takahashi, Ayumi Tanigawa, S. Nishiguchi, N. Fukutani, Daiki Adachi, Y. Tashiro, T. Hotta, Daisuke Matsumoto, T. Aoyama
Study background: Management of lumbopelvic pain (LPP) during pregnancy is important and the anatomical and movement aspects may be related to LPP. This study aimed to investigate the association of LPP with pelvic alignment and gait pattern during pregnancy.Methods: Fifty-seven pregnant women were categorized into either the LPP or non-LPP (NLPP) group. Anterior pelvic tilt and bilateral difference in pelvic tilt as pelvic asymmetry were measured. An inertial measurement unit was attached at the participants’ L3 spinous process to measure 3-axes acceleration during gait. The degrees of movement symmetry, gait variability, and trunk movement were expressed as the autocorrelation peak (AC), coefficient of variance, and root mean square (RMS), respectively. An independent t-test was used to investigate differences in pelvic alignment and gait parameters between the groups. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to identify parameters that affected LPP. Additionally, multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to determine the parameters affected by LPP. Each significant parameter (from the previous analysis) was included as a dependent variable. Meanwhile, the presence or absence of LPP, BMI, and pregnancy months were included as explanatory variables.Results: In the LPP group, pelvic asymmetry was significantly higher, and the AC and RMS were significantly lower than that in the NLPP group. In the multivariate analysis, pelvic asymmetry and AC significantly affected LPP, while LPP significantly affected pelvic asymmetry and RMS. Conclusion: Pelvic asymmetry and movement asymmetry during gait affect LPP, while LPP affect pelvic asymmetry and trunk movement during gait. Therefore, evaluating both of the pelvic alignment and gait pattern especially focusing on asymmetry is important for management LPP during pregnancy.
{"title":"Association of Lumbopelvic Pain with Pelvic Alignment and Gait Pattern during Pregnancy","authors":"S. Morino, Masaki Takahashi, Ayumi Tanigawa, S. Nishiguchi, N. Fukutani, Daiki Adachi, Y. Tashiro, T. Hotta, Daisuke Matsumoto, T. Aoyama","doi":"10.4172/2325-9795.1000263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9795.1000263","url":null,"abstract":"Study background: Management of lumbopelvic pain (LPP) during pregnancy is important and the anatomical and movement aspects may be related to LPP. This study aimed to investigate the association of LPP with pelvic alignment and gait pattern during pregnancy.Methods: Fifty-seven pregnant women were categorized into either the LPP or non-LPP (NLPP) group. Anterior pelvic tilt and bilateral difference in pelvic tilt as pelvic asymmetry were measured. An inertial measurement unit was attached at the participants’ L3 spinous process to measure 3-axes acceleration during gait. The degrees of movement symmetry, gait variability, and trunk movement were expressed as the autocorrelation peak (AC), coefficient of variance, and root mean square (RMS), respectively. An independent t-test was used to investigate differences in pelvic alignment and gait parameters between the groups. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to identify parameters that affected LPP. Additionally, multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to determine the parameters affected by LPP. Each significant parameter (from the previous analysis) was included as a dependent variable. Meanwhile, the presence or absence of LPP, BMI, and pregnancy months were included as explanatory variables.Results: In the LPP group, pelvic asymmetry was significantly higher, and the AC and RMS were significantly lower than that in the NLPP group. In the multivariate analysis, pelvic asymmetry and AC significantly affected LPP, while LPP significantly affected pelvic asymmetry and RMS. Conclusion: Pelvic asymmetry and movement asymmetry during gait affect LPP, while LPP affect pelvic asymmetry and trunk movement during gait. Therefore, evaluating both of the pelvic alignment and gait pattern especially focusing on asymmetry is important for management LPP during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":218923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens Health, Issues and Care","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132919652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-18DOI: 10.4172/2325-9795.1000261
Oroma Nwanodi
Obstetrical simulation dates from the Paleolithic period. Gynecologic simulation has its origins in the 1920s Link box trainers. By improving maternal-fetal outcomes, obstetric simulation secures our existence. Improved maternal-fetal outcomes create a need for gynecologic surgery and simulation. Therefore, gynecologic simulation may be an afterthought that has yet to attain a validated place in medical education and professional practice. The objectives of this review article are to assess the scope of simulation in obstetrics and gynecology, identify simulation’s strengths and weaknesses, review barriers to simulation growth in obstetrics and gynecology, and present a route forward. Google scholar and Google Internet searches phrased “simulation obstetrics gynecology”, performed on November 25, 2015 yielded 29 references from 2001 to 2015. PubMed search on December 19, 2015, terms “simulation obstetrics gynecology, found 12 relevant, non-redundant articles. Additional Google scholar hand search on December 20, 2015, and September 14, 2016 yielded 45 articles for timely topic completion. Post-Halstedian apprenticeship based medical training guarantees an ever-increasing role of simulation in obstetrics and gynecology training. Patient safety, healthcare quality, and healthcare provider credentialing concerns assure the future of medical simulation. Given positive association with neonatal outcomes, medical student interest in obstetrics, and obstetrics team building, obstetrics simulation has proven itself. Gynecologic simulation needs to address fidelity, reliability, and validity concerns to secure an enduring position in gynecologic education and professional practice.
{"title":"Simulation in General Obstetrics and Gynecology","authors":"Oroma Nwanodi","doi":"10.4172/2325-9795.1000261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9795.1000261","url":null,"abstract":"Obstetrical simulation dates from the Paleolithic period. Gynecologic simulation has its origins in the 1920s Link box trainers. By improving maternal-fetal outcomes, obstetric simulation secures our existence. Improved maternal-fetal outcomes create a need for gynecologic surgery and simulation. Therefore, gynecologic simulation may be an afterthought that has yet to attain a validated place in medical education and professional practice. The objectives of this review article are to assess the scope of simulation in obstetrics and gynecology, identify simulation’s strengths and weaknesses, review barriers to simulation growth in obstetrics and gynecology, and present a route forward. Google scholar and Google Internet searches phrased “simulation obstetrics gynecology”, performed on November 25, 2015 yielded 29 references from 2001 to 2015. PubMed search on December 19, 2015, terms “simulation obstetrics gynecology, found 12 relevant, non-redundant articles. Additional Google scholar hand search on December 20, 2015, and September 14, 2016 yielded 45 articles for timely topic completion. Post-Halstedian apprenticeship based medical training guarantees an ever-increasing role of simulation in obstetrics and gynecology training. Patient safety, healthcare quality, and healthcare provider credentialing concerns assure the future of medical simulation. Given positive association with neonatal outcomes, medical student interest in obstetrics, and obstetrics team building, obstetrics simulation has proven itself. Gynecologic simulation needs to address fidelity, reliability, and validity concerns to secure an enduring position in gynecologic education and professional practice.","PeriodicalId":218923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens Health, Issues and Care","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121608008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-11DOI: 10.4172/2325-9795.1000266
Ellington Je, B. Rizk, S. Criso
Vaginal delivery during childbirth is associated with perineal trauma and damage in most women. Perineal damage during delivery can have significant long-term consequences for women, including decreased quality of birthing experience, persistent postpartum perineal pain and sexual dysfunction, as well as pelvic floor pathology. Many women fear such perineal trauma. In fact, obstetrical perineal damage and its long term consequences are some of the greatest concerns of patients. Even though evidencebased outcomes show antenatal perineal massage (APM) is an effective tool to reduce perineal trauma at childbirth, education of pregnant women about and subsequent application of the intervention remains low. This review details the potential physicaland psychological benefits of APM for most women, with a focus on helping the providers educate women and staff on the technique. Additionally, the impact of partner involvement in APM is discussed. Potential discussion topics are provided, to help care providers explain the benefits of APM to their patients. Revised, more flexible patient instructions for APM are also proposed. A discussion of vaginal physiology with regard to product choice during APM is reviewed. In spite of the mention of APM in many modern medical practice guidelines, detailed information to help providers teach the techniqueand to encourage patient adoption is lacking. This review provides information to make APM a more accessible choice for providers and women in order to decrease chances of perineal damage during childbirth, along with related long-term morbidities, which can deleteriously impact the patients’ quality of life.
{"title":"Antenatal Perineal Massage Improves Women’s Experience of Childbirth and Postpartum Recovery: A Review to Facilitate Provider and Patient Education on the Technique","authors":"Ellington Je, B. Rizk, S. Criso","doi":"10.4172/2325-9795.1000266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9795.1000266","url":null,"abstract":"Vaginal delivery during childbirth is associated with perineal trauma and damage in most women. Perineal damage during delivery can have significant long-term consequences for women, including decreased quality of birthing experience, persistent postpartum perineal pain and sexual dysfunction, as well as pelvic floor pathology. Many women fear such perineal trauma. In fact, obstetrical perineal damage and its long term consequences are some of the greatest concerns of patients. Even though evidencebased outcomes show antenatal perineal massage (APM) is an effective tool to reduce perineal trauma at childbirth, education of pregnant women about and subsequent application of the intervention remains low. This review details the potential physicaland psychological benefits of APM for most women, with a focus on helping the providers educate women and staff on the technique. Additionally, the impact of partner involvement in APM is discussed. Potential discussion topics are provided, to help care providers explain the benefits of APM to their patients. Revised, more flexible patient instructions for APM are also proposed. A discussion of vaginal physiology with regard to product choice during APM is reviewed. In spite of the mention of APM in many modern medical practice guidelines, detailed information to help providers teach the techniqueand to encourage patient adoption is lacking. This review provides information to make APM a more accessible choice for providers and women in order to decrease chances of perineal damage during childbirth, along with related long-term morbidities, which can deleteriously impact the patients’ quality of life.","PeriodicalId":218923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens Health, Issues and Care","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131116777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-11DOI: 10.4172/2325-9795.1000264
C. Roye, B. DiCicco-Bloom
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) poses a formidable risk to the health of women, who made up almost 20% of new HIV infections in 2014 in the U.S. (the most recent year for which data are available). Women represent 25% of those infected with HIV. Sixty-two percent of infected women are African American; Latina and White women each represent 17% of cases in women. The CDC reports that heterosexual transmission accounts for 87% of HIV cases in women. However, it is not clear why some women in HIV-dense neighborhoods become infected, and others do not.
{"title":"Beyond Knowledge and Agency: HIV Risk for Women of Color in HIV-Dense Neighborhoods","authors":"C. Roye, B. DiCicco-Bloom","doi":"10.4172/2325-9795.1000264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9795.1000264","url":null,"abstract":"The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) poses a formidable risk to the health of women, who made up almost 20% of new HIV infections in 2014 in the U.S. (the most recent year for which data are available). Women represent 25% of those infected with HIV. Sixty-two percent of infected women are African American; Latina and White women each represent 17% of cases in women. The CDC reports that heterosexual transmission accounts for 87% of HIV cases in women. However, it is not clear why some women in HIV-dense neighborhoods become infected, and others do not.","PeriodicalId":218923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens Health, Issues and Care","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123978166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-11DOI: 10.4172/2325-9795.1000268
S. Tesfaye, A. Abajobir, B. Meshesha, Achamyelesh Gebretsadik
Background: Rape occurs throughout the world and it is a common and serious public health problem affecting millions of women each year. The most common place where rape occurs is school setting and different factors appear to increase women’s vulnerability to rape. The objective of the present study, therefore, was to assess the prevalence of rape and its association with substance use in female university students.Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered anonymous questionnaire in female students of Hawassa University, South Ethiopia. A total of 579 female students were included in the study. The prevalence of rape was determined by counting frequency distributions and logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) using SPSS statistical package for windows.Results: The prevalence of attempted rape was 25.5% and 16.9% since joining the university and in the current academic year, respectively. Similarly, the magnitude of completed rape was 20.7% and 16.5% after joining the university and in the current academic year, respectively. Khat chewing (AOR=3.51, 95%CI: 1.76- 6.97), cigarette smoking (AOR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.23-2.67), alcohol drinking (AOR=2.47: 95%CI: 1.36-4.64), having had drinking friends (AOR=2.15, 95%CI: 1.21-3.82) and using other substances including cocaine (AOR=3.77, 95%CI: 1.41-9.87) were associated with rape in the current academic year.Conclusion: The prevalence of rape among female university students was high. There was significant association between rape and substance use by female university students. Interventions that target prevention of rape, reduction of sources of substance supply and behavioral changes towards substance use and its consequences may benefit female students.
{"title":"Rape and its Association with Substance Use in Female Students of Hawassa University, Ethiopia","authors":"S. Tesfaye, A. Abajobir, B. Meshesha, Achamyelesh Gebretsadik","doi":"10.4172/2325-9795.1000268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9795.1000268","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rape occurs throughout the world and it is a common and serious public health problem affecting millions of women each year. The most common place where rape occurs is school setting and different factors appear to increase women’s vulnerability to rape. The objective of the present study, therefore, was to assess the prevalence of rape and its association with substance use in female university students.Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered anonymous questionnaire in female students of Hawassa University, South Ethiopia. A total of 579 female students were included in the study. The prevalence of rape was determined by counting frequency distributions and logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) using SPSS statistical package for windows.Results: The prevalence of attempted rape was 25.5% and 16.9% since joining the university and in the current academic year, respectively. Similarly, the magnitude of completed rape was 20.7% and 16.5% after joining the university and in the current academic year, respectively. Khat chewing (AOR=3.51, 95%CI: 1.76- 6.97), cigarette smoking (AOR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.23-2.67), alcohol drinking (AOR=2.47: 95%CI: 1.36-4.64), having had drinking friends (AOR=2.15, 95%CI: 1.21-3.82) and using other substances including cocaine (AOR=3.77, 95%CI: 1.41-9.87) were associated with rape in the current academic year.Conclusion: The prevalence of rape among female university students was high. There was significant association between rape and substance use by female university students. Interventions that target prevention of rape, reduction of sources of substance supply and behavioral changes towards substance use and its consequences may benefit female students.","PeriodicalId":218923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens Health, Issues and Care","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132683159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-11DOI: 10.4172/2325-9795.1000265
A. Ovalle, I. Ravello, V. Chacón
Preterm birth is the main contributor to perinatal morbidity/mortality and high costs associated to stays in neonatal intensive care units. Its frequency has increased especially by ascending bacterial infection. Antibiotic treatment in preterm birth symptoms with intact membranes has not shown benefits and associated to its use is the neurological disabilities found in children whose mothers received antibiotics. However another study showed benefits of the treatment with antibiotics in patients with endocervical inflammation, but without microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. Further studies are needed to clarify the benefit of antibiotics in preterm birth with intact membranes with these conditions.
{"title":"Is the Use of Antibiotics Useful in Patients with Preterm Birth Symptoms and Intact Membranes","authors":"A. Ovalle, I. Ravello, V. Chacón","doi":"10.4172/2325-9795.1000265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9795.1000265","url":null,"abstract":"Preterm birth is the main contributor to perinatal morbidity/mortality and high costs associated to stays in neonatal intensive care units. Its frequency has increased especially by ascending bacterial infection. Antibiotic treatment in preterm birth symptoms with intact membranes has not shown benefits and associated to its use is the neurological disabilities found in children whose mothers received antibiotics. However another study showed benefits of the treatment with antibiotics in patients with endocervical inflammation, but without microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. Further studies are needed to clarify the benefit of antibiotics in preterm birth with intact membranes with these conditions.","PeriodicalId":218923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens Health, Issues and Care","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130573797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-16DOI: 10.4172/2325-9795.1000258
J. Perkins, Cecilia Capello, Collette Vilgrain, L. Groth, Héloise Billoir, C. Santarelli
Background: Haiti suffers from among the world’s poorest maternal and newborn health (MNH) indicators and utilization of skilled MNH care remains alarmingly low. In 2013, Enfants du Monde (EdM) and Doctors of the World Switzerland initiated a project aiming to empower women and communities to improve MNH and increase demand for skilled care. During 2013 participatory community assessment (PCA) was conducted, followed by a cross-sectional baseline study in 2014 to better understand the situation and lay the groundwork for implementation of interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional design was adopted for the study, using a mixedmethods approach. The quantitative component consisted of a randomized survey of 320 women who had given birth during the previous year living in the intervention area. Qualitative methods included focus groups discussions with women (n=8) and male partners (n=2) and semi-structured interviews (n=10) with health workers. Results: The baseline study revealed a number of factors which contribute to low use of MNH services in Haiti, with lower utilization in rural compared to urban areas. Notably, while use of antenatal care (ANC) remains relatively high, with 83% of women receiving ANC 1, only 34% of women give birth in the presence of a skilled birth attendant. Awareness of maternal health needs remains low, with few respondents able to cite three danger signs during pregnancy (63%), birth (41%) and after birth (39%). FGDs with men revealed low knowledge, as well. Geographic and financial barriers remain important obstacles. In addition, women express low satisfaction regarding health services and interactions with providers. Discussion: These results of the study demonstrate that a number of factors come into play impacting on women’s decision to seek care, reach health facilities and obtain skilled MNH care once at health facilities. While geographic and financial barriers remain important, other obstacles are also critical, including the social status of women, preference of care from matrones—traditional birth attendants (TBA) practicing widely in Haiti, and low perceptions of the quality of care and treatment by health care professionals. Conclusion: These studies revealed a number of factors which contribute to preventing women and newborns from accessing MNH services. Effectively improving MNH in Haiti requires action at both the community- and health services-level to address the multitude of factors contributing to low utilization of services.
{"title":"Determinants of Low Maternal and Newborn Health Service Utilization in Haiti:A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"J. Perkins, Cecilia Capello, Collette Vilgrain, L. Groth, Héloise Billoir, C. Santarelli","doi":"10.4172/2325-9795.1000258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9795.1000258","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Haiti suffers from among the world’s poorest maternal and newborn health (MNH) indicators and utilization of skilled MNH care remains alarmingly low. In 2013, Enfants du Monde (EdM) and Doctors of the World Switzerland initiated a project aiming to empower women and communities to improve MNH and increase demand for skilled care. During 2013 participatory community assessment (PCA) was conducted, followed by a cross-sectional baseline study in 2014 to better understand the situation and lay the groundwork for implementation of interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional design was adopted for the study, using a mixedmethods approach. The quantitative component consisted of a randomized survey of 320 women who had given birth during the previous year living in the intervention area. Qualitative methods included focus groups discussions with women (n=8) and male partners (n=2) and semi-structured interviews (n=10) with health workers. Results: The baseline study revealed a number of factors which contribute to low use of MNH services in Haiti, with lower utilization in rural compared to urban areas. Notably, while use of antenatal care (ANC) remains relatively high, with 83% of women receiving ANC 1, only 34% of women give birth in the presence of a skilled birth attendant. Awareness of maternal health needs remains low, with few respondents able to cite three danger signs during pregnancy (63%), birth (41%) and after birth (39%). FGDs with men revealed low knowledge, as well. Geographic and financial barriers remain important obstacles. In addition, women express low satisfaction regarding health services and interactions with providers. Discussion: These results of the study demonstrate that a number of factors come into play impacting on women’s decision to seek care, reach health facilities and obtain skilled MNH care once at health facilities. While geographic and financial barriers remain important, other obstacles are also critical, including the social status of women, preference of care from matrones—traditional birth attendants (TBA) practicing widely in Haiti, and low perceptions of the quality of care and treatment by health care professionals. Conclusion: These studies revealed a number of factors which contribute to preventing women and newborns from accessing MNH services. Effectively improving MNH in Haiti requires action at both the community- and health services-level to address the multitude of factors contributing to low utilization of services.","PeriodicalId":218923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens Health, Issues and Care","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128388356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-16DOI: 10.4172/2325-9795.1000260
J. Műllerová, P. Weiss
Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the childbearing. Background: Until recently very little was known about women’s reasons for undergoing labiaplasty. Cosmetic treatment is often solution for individuals with unrecognized Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a relatively common psychiatric disorder that occurs around the world and often goes unrecognized in plastic surgery setting. Objectives: The present review examines actual knowledge of motivational factors of women seeking labiaplasty and BDD, what is known about motivational factors of women underwent labiaplasty and about BDD in plastic surgery setting, approach to the patients seeking labiaplasty and screening for BDD in a gynaecologic cosmetic surgery field. Methods: Data sources and searches: We carried out a systematic electronic search in Medline, Web of Science and PubMed. We used a combination of relevant keywords to construct the search strategy including cosmetic surgery in gynaecology, female genital cosmetic surgery, labiaplasty, motivational factors of women seeking labiaplasty, body dysmorphic disorder, screening tools for body dysmorphic disorder, diagnosing BDD. Included studies were systematic reviews or primary studies of participants requesting cosmetic procedure labiaplasty; published 1990-2016; containing either information about BDD and psychological or psychosocial measures and psychological outcome. There were retrieved total of 50 papers and 20 of them published in last ten years were used for describing motivational factors and BDD risk. Reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and assessed quality, undertaking narrative synthesis. Results: The recent researches revealed why women consider undergoing labia reduction surgery. Researchers categorized them as cosmetic, functional, psychological and sexual. It was also confirmed that media is a powerful motivator and source of information about genital appearance and strong influence on women’s decision to undergo labiaplasty. However, some women seeking labiaplasty may have Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). BDD is a psychiatric disorder that needs appropriate psychiatric treatment and patients with BDD need suitable therapeutic interventions like psychological counselling or special psychiatric treatment. The disorder is giving the markedly poor functioning and quality of life. It also could relate to high lifetime rates of psychiatric hospitalization, being housebound or suicide attempts. Cosmetic treatment is not solution for individuals with unrecognized BDD because after surgery patients are often dissatisfied and continue to obsess about their perceived flaws. Guidelines recommend screening patients for BDD prior to cosmetic surgery. Conclusions: Motivational factors of women seeking labiaplasty are various. Some patients may have Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Psychological evaluation of patients with BDD is not standard in clinical plasti
目的:本研究的目的是探讨生育。背景:直到最近，人们对女性进行阴唇整形的原因知之甚少。美容治疗往往是解决个人与未识别的身体畸形障碍(BDD)。身体畸形障碍(BDD)是一种相对常见的精神障碍，在世界各地都有发生，但在整形手术中经常被忽视。目的:本文综述了对女性阴唇成形术和BDD的动机因素的实际认识，对女性阴唇成形术和BDD在整形外科中的动机因素的了解，对妇科整形外科中阴唇成形术患者的治疗方法和BDD的筛查。方法:资料来源与检索:在Medline、Web of Science和PubMed进行系统的电子检索。我们结合相关关键词构建搜索策略，包括妇科整形外科、女性生殖器整形外科、阴唇整形、女性寻求阴唇整形的动机因素、身体畸形障碍、身体畸形障碍筛查工具、BDD诊断。纳入的研究是对要求进行阴唇整形手术的参与者的系统评价或初步研究;1990 - 2016年出版;包含有关BDD和心理或社会心理措施以及心理结果的信息。共检索到50篇论文，其中20篇用于描述动机因素和BDD风险。审稿人独立评估研究资格，提取数据，评估质量，进行叙事综合。结果:最近的研究揭示了女性考虑进行阴唇缩小手术的原因。研究人员将它们分为美容、功能、心理和性。调查还证实，媒体是一个强大的激励因素和关于生殖器外观的信息来源，对妇女决定接受阴唇整形有很大的影响。然而，一些寻求阴唇成形术的女性可能患有身体畸形障碍(BDD)。BDD是一种精神疾病，需要适当的精神治疗，BDD患者需要适当的治疗干预，如心理咨询或特殊的精神治疗。这种疾病使患者的功能和生活质量明显下降。这也可能与终生精神病住院率高、足不出户或自杀未遂有关。美容治疗并不能解决未被识别的BDD患者，因为手术后患者往往不满意，并继续沉迷于自己的缺陷。指南建议在整容手术前对患者进行BDD筛查。结论:女性阴唇整形的动机因素是多种多样的。一些患者可能患有身体畸形障碍(BDD)。目前临床整形外科对BDD患者的心理评估不规范。寻求整容矫正的患者需要在手术前识别BDD，并且有必要识别那些可能需要进一步心理评估的患者。美容界一致认为，BDD应被视为美容治疗的禁忌症。临床医生应采用多学科方法进行管理，包括皮肤科、精神病学、美容外科、家庭实践和其他专业的专家合作。
{"title":"Motivational Factors of Women Seeking Labiaplasty and Body Dysmorphic Disorder Risk: A Review","authors":"J. Műllerová, P. Weiss","doi":"10.4172/2325-9795.1000260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9795.1000260","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the childbearing. Background: Until recently very little was known about women’s reasons for undergoing labiaplasty. Cosmetic treatment is often solution for individuals with unrecognized Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a relatively common psychiatric disorder that occurs around the world and often goes unrecognized in plastic surgery setting. Objectives: The present review examines actual knowledge of motivational factors of women seeking labiaplasty and BDD, what is known about motivational factors of women underwent labiaplasty and about BDD in plastic surgery setting, approach to the patients seeking labiaplasty and screening for BDD in a gynaecologic cosmetic surgery field. Methods: Data sources and searches: We carried out a systematic electronic search in Medline, Web of Science and PubMed. We used a combination of relevant keywords to construct the search strategy including cosmetic surgery in gynaecology, female genital cosmetic surgery, labiaplasty, motivational factors of women seeking labiaplasty, body dysmorphic disorder, screening tools for body dysmorphic disorder, diagnosing BDD. Included studies were systematic reviews or primary studies of participants requesting cosmetic procedure labiaplasty; published 1990-2016; containing either information about BDD and psychological or psychosocial measures and psychological outcome. There were retrieved total of 50 papers and 20 of them published in last ten years were used for describing motivational factors and BDD risk. Reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and assessed quality, undertaking narrative synthesis. Results: The recent researches revealed why women consider undergoing labia reduction surgery. Researchers categorized them as cosmetic, functional, psychological and sexual. It was also confirmed that media is a powerful motivator and source of information about genital appearance and strong influence on women’s decision to undergo labiaplasty. However, some women seeking labiaplasty may have Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). BDD is a psychiatric disorder that needs appropriate psychiatric treatment and patients with BDD need suitable therapeutic interventions like psychological counselling or special psychiatric treatment. The disorder is giving the markedly poor functioning and quality of life. It also could relate to high lifetime rates of psychiatric hospitalization, being housebound or suicide attempts. Cosmetic treatment is not solution for individuals with unrecognized BDD because after surgery patients are often dissatisfied and continue to obsess about their perceived flaws. Guidelines recommend screening patients for BDD prior to cosmetic surgery. Conclusions: Motivational factors of women seeking labiaplasty are various. Some patients may have Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Psychological evaluation of patients with BDD is not standard in clinical plasti","PeriodicalId":218923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens Health, Issues and Care","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125157687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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