Hassan Sartaj, Shaukat Ali, Tao Yue, Kjetil Moberg
Healthcare applications with the Internet of Things (IoT) are often safety-critical, thus, require extensive testing. Such applications are often connected to smart medical devices from various vendors. System-level testing of such applications requires test infrastructures physically integrating medical devices, which is time and monetary-wise expensive. Moreover, applications continuously evolve, for example, introducing new devices and users and updating software. Nevertheless, a test infrastructure enabling testing with a few devices is insufficient for testing healthcare IoT systems, hence compromising their dependability. In this paper, we propose a model-based approach for the creation and operation of digital twins (DTs) of medicine dispensers as a replacement for physical devices to support the automated testing of IoT applications at scale. We evaluate our approach with an industrial IoT system with medicine dispensers in the context of Oslo City and its industrial partners, providing healthcare services to its residents. We study the fidelity of DTs in terms of their functional similarities with their physical counterparts: medicine dispensers. Results show that the DTs behave more than 92% similar to the physical medicine dispensers, providing a faithful replacement for the dispenser.
{"title":"Model-based digital twins of medicine dispensers for healthcare IoT applications","authors":"Hassan Sartaj, Shaukat Ali, Tao Yue, Kjetil Moberg","doi":"10.1002/spe.3311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.3311","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare applications with the Internet of Things (IoT) are often safety-critical, thus, require extensive testing. Such applications are often connected to smart medical devices from various vendors. System-level testing of such applications requires test infrastructures physically integrating medical devices, which is time and monetary-wise expensive. Moreover, applications continuously evolve, for example, introducing new devices and users and updating software. Nevertheless, a test infrastructure enabling testing with a few devices is insufficient for testing healthcare IoT systems, hence compromising their dependability. In this paper, we propose a model-based approach for the creation and operation of digital twins (DTs) of medicine dispensers as a replacement for physical devices to support the automated testing of IoT applications at scale. We evaluate our approach with an industrial IoT system with medicine dispensers in the context of Oslo City and its industrial partners, providing healthcare services to its residents. We study the fidelity of DTs in terms of their functional similarities with their physical counterparts: medicine dispensers. Results show that the DTs behave more than 92% similar to the physical medicine dispensers, providing a faithful replacement for the dispenser.","PeriodicalId":21899,"journal":{"name":"Software: Practice and Experience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139482963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Santiago Gil, Peter H. Mikkelsen, Cláudio Gomes, Peter G. Larsen
Digital twin (DT) technology has been a topic with academic and industrial coverage in recent years. DTs are intended to be a virtual high-fidelity representation of a physical counterpart. Its complex nature requires several components to create and run a DT, and that is why many DT frameworks have been proposed in the literature. There are also many surveys of DTs, but none that is bottom-up with concrete examples and focused on open-source software. This survey analyzes 14 open-source DT frameworks in 10 different dimensions, which are then categorized in six different groups according to their modeling and technological domain, to present the reader different options for creating and managing DT applications, and to understand potential combinations, uses, and limitations of the tools. It also presents a case study with five of the explored DT frameworks, describing the process on how the DT is set up and comparing their capabilities based on the services to be provided by the DT. Finally, it discusses advantages and limitations of the tools according to domain, requirements, and scope, relevant aspects regarding built-in simulations and data analytics, theory-to-practice transition, and advantages/disadvantages of using open-source software instead of commercial. Main limitations of the study due to its narrow niche, conclusions, and opportunities for future research regarding the potential room for improvement in terms of out-of-the-box features and services for DTs, are also shown.
{"title":"Survey on open-source digital twin frameworks–A case study approach","authors":"Santiago Gil, Peter H. Mikkelsen, Cláudio Gomes, Peter G. Larsen","doi":"10.1002/spe.3305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.3305","url":null,"abstract":"Digital twin (DT) technology has been a topic with academic and industrial coverage in recent years. DTs are intended to be a virtual high-fidelity representation of a physical counterpart. Its complex nature requires several components to create and run a DT, and that is why many DT frameworks have been proposed in the literature. There are also many surveys of DTs, but none that is bottom-up with concrete examples and focused on open-source software. This survey analyzes 14 open-source DT frameworks in 10 different dimensions, which are then categorized in six different groups according to their modeling and technological domain, to present the reader different options for creating and managing DT applications, and to understand potential combinations, uses, and limitations of the tools. It also presents a case study with five of the explored DT frameworks, describing the process on how the DT is set up and comparing their capabilities based on the services to be provided by the DT. Finally, it discusses advantages and limitations of the tools according to domain, requirements, and scope, relevant aspects regarding built-in simulations and data analytics, theory-to-practice transition, and advantages/disadvantages of using open-source software instead of commercial. Main limitations of the study due to its narrow niche, conclusions, and opportunities for future research regarding the potential room for improvement in terms of <i>out-of-the-box</i> features and services for DTs, are also shown.","PeriodicalId":21899,"journal":{"name":"Software: Practice and Experience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139374815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Villarrubia, Juan Manuel Vara, David Granada, Cristian Gómez-Macías, Francisco Javier Pérez-Blanco
Agile methods have been widely adopted by the industry and its teaching has seen a surge, particularly in the software development field. However, these methods have a number of limitations which affect product outcomes, such as the fact that many software development companies now use Scrum to get developers to work without interruption between iterations, rather than to maintain a sustainable rhythm. Agile experts have stated the importance of incorporating creativity into Scrum, and although there are several agile resources that help with the learning process, it seems essential to approach such learning from a practical point of view. Furthermore, none of these resources introduce creativity. In this paper, we present an educational resource in the form of a serious game that allows you to acquire all the key concepts of agile and creative methods. The game is based on the use of LEGO pieces to simulate a real project, applying the key concepts of the Scrum and Design Thinking frameworks in a gamified way. It was assessed in a professional training centre of computer science by using surveys through which participants evaluated their previous knowledge of agile and creativity methods. We analysed the improvement of these competences, as well as the general level of satisfaction with the game. After the game, the results showed that the participants' knowledge of the Scrum and Design Thinking frameworks had improved and that they were very satisfied with the whole experience.
{"title":"DesignScrum–An agility educational resource powered by creativity","authors":"Carlos Villarrubia, Juan Manuel Vara, David Granada, Cristian Gómez-Macías, Francisco Javier Pérez-Blanco","doi":"10.1002/spe.3308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.3308","url":null,"abstract":"Agile methods have been widely adopted by the industry and its teaching has seen a surge, particularly in the software development field. However, these methods have a number of limitations which affect product outcomes, such as the fact that many software development companies now use Scrum to get developers to work without interruption between iterations, rather than to maintain a sustainable rhythm. Agile experts have stated the importance of incorporating creativity into Scrum, and although there are several agile resources that help with the learning process, it seems essential to approach such learning from a practical point of view. Furthermore, none of these resources introduce creativity. In this paper, we present an educational resource in the form of a serious game that allows you to acquire all the key concepts of agile and creative methods. The game is based on the use of LEGO pieces to simulate a real project, applying the key concepts of the Scrum and Design Thinking frameworks in a gamified way. It was assessed in a professional training centre of computer science by using surveys through which participants evaluated their previous knowledge of agile and creativity methods. We analysed the improvement of these competences, as well as the general level of satisfaction with the game. After the game, the results showed that the participants' knowledge of the Scrum and Design Thinking frameworks had improved and that they were very satisfied with the whole experience.","PeriodicalId":21899,"journal":{"name":"Software: Practice and Experience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139374390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Romina Eramo, Martina Nolletti, Luigi Pomante, Laura Pasquale, Dario Pascucci
Modeling and simulation represent an essential part of overall systems engineering. Complex engineering systems are composed of many heterogeneous components often modeled and simulated employing different languages and environments, and often by different organizations; thus, demands for interoperability are getting increased. Model‐driven engineering (MDE) has been demonstrated to be an advancement in software engineering: existing software in several domains today benefits from abstraction and automation during the system development process. Although these techniques are now highly advanced, many industries may require considerable effort before fully benefiting from them. This article reports on a case study carried out for 12 months within a company in the space industry domain. The goal of this empirical study is to investigate the adoption of MDE in supporting simulation models interoperability. The article identifies factors considered important for MDE adoption as well as obstacles that can be encountered in a real case. Researchers and practitioners may benefit from our findings typically when reusing models across different simulation environments, exchanging simulation models between different stakeholders, and seeking to improve simulation modeling practices.
{"title":"Model‐driven engineering for simulation models interoperability: A case study in space industry","authors":"Romina Eramo, Martina Nolletti, Luigi Pomante, Laura Pasquale, Dario Pascucci","doi":"10.1002/spe.3309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.3309","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling and simulation represent an essential part of overall systems engineering. Complex engineering systems are composed of many heterogeneous components often modeled and simulated employing different languages and environments, and often by different organizations; thus, demands for interoperability are getting increased. Model‐driven engineering (MDE) has been demonstrated to be an advancement in software engineering: existing software in several domains today benefits from abstraction and automation during the system development process. Although these techniques are now highly advanced, many industries may require considerable effort before fully benefiting from them. This article reports on a case study carried out for 12 months within a company in the space industry domain. The goal of this empirical study is to investigate the adoption of MDE in supporting simulation models interoperability. The article identifies factors considered important for MDE adoption as well as obstacles that can be encountered in a real case. Researchers and practitioners may benefit from our findings typically when reusing models across different simulation environments, exchanging simulation models between different stakeholders, and seeking to improve simulation modeling practices.","PeriodicalId":21899,"journal":{"name":"Software: Practice and Experience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139384170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dasol Kim, Jiwoo Han, Siwoon Son, Myeong-Seon Gil, Yang-Sae Moon, Heesun Won
An open data lake stores various forms and types of open data, and there is an increasing demand to manage raw data in tables rather than files for efficient data exploration and analysis. In this paper, we investigate the data management of open data lakes and recognize the limitations of table migration and related problems. First, open data lakes have problems of preprocessing complexity, scale limitation, and platform dependency due to the traditional data management method and open data characteristics. Second, existing studies for table migration have problems of lack of scalability, migration incompleteness, and scale limitation. In this work, we present a novel automation framework, called Demeter, which solves three problems inherent in open data lakes by expanding automation. Specifically, it supports automating catalog collection and preprocessing tasks to solve preprocessing complexity and scale limitation. It also supports platform universality for representative data platforms through the automation of catalog analysis and detailed processing logic. Demeter then solves three problems in table migration by adopting Airbyte, an open-source ELT platform, and by enhancing automation capability with the Airbyte manager. We verify that Demeter resolves all the problems above through extensive experiments and proves its scalability and universality. In addition, significantly outperforms CKAN by Demeter up to 508.5% in automation performance, up to 207.28% in processing time, and up to 917.17% in migration performance. These results indicate that Demeter is an excellent automation framework that increases the utilization of large-scale open data and supports reliable Internet-scale migration.
{"title":"Demeter: An automatic framework for data migration in open data lakes","authors":"Dasol Kim, Jiwoo Han, Siwoon Son, Myeong-Seon Gil, Yang-Sae Moon, Heesun Won","doi":"10.1002/spe.3294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.3294","url":null,"abstract":"An open data lake stores various forms and types of open data, and there is an increasing demand to manage raw data in tables rather than files for efficient data exploration and analysis. In this paper, we investigate the data management of open data lakes and recognize the limitations of table migration and related problems. First, open data lakes have problems of <i>preprocessing complexity</i>, <i>scale limitation</i>, and <i>platform dependency</i> due to the traditional data management method and open data characteristics. Second, existing studies for table migration have problems of <i>lack of scalability</i>, <i>migration incompleteness</i>, and <i>scale limitation</i>. In this work, we present a novel automation framework, called Demeter, which solves three problems inherent in open data lakes by expanding automation. Specifically, it supports automating catalog collection and preprocessing tasks to solve preprocessing complexity and scale limitation. It also supports platform universality for representative data platforms through the automation of catalog analysis and detailed processing logic. Demeter then solves three problems in table migration by adopting Airbyte, an open-source ELT platform, and by enhancing automation capability with the Airbyte manager. We verify that Demeter resolves all the problems above through extensive experiments and proves its scalability and universality. In addition, significantly outperforms CKAN by Demeter up to 508.5% in automation performance, up to 207.28% in processing time, and up to 917.17% in migration performance. These results indicate that Demeter is an excellent automation framework that increases the utilization of large-scale open data and supports reliable Internet-scale migration.","PeriodicalId":21899,"journal":{"name":"Software: Practice and Experience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139052971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Team formation in an environment where some relevant parameters are not known in advance is a challenging problem. Communicating automata and distributed algorithms have been used to describe protocols for team formation. A high-level specification provides a mathematical description of a protocol or a program. TLA is a formal specification language designed to provide high-level specifications of concurrent and distributed systems. The associated model checker known as TLC is capable of model checking the TLA specifications. Recently, formal specification of a team formation protocol is given using TLA when there is a single initiator (an agent or a robot) that initiates the team formation. Using TLA, we examine the formal specification for the multiple initiator situation and demonstrate that a composition technique can yield a single monolithic specification for the multiple initiator situation from the single initiator situation specification. We have used models of varying sizes, and the TLC model checker has confirmed that the protocol's specifications meet certain desired characteristics in each case.
{"title":"Formal specification and verification of a team formation protocol using TLA+","authors":"Rajdeep Niyogi, Amar Nath","doi":"10.1002/spe.3307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.3307","url":null,"abstract":"Team formation in an environment where some relevant parameters are not known in advance is a challenging problem. Communicating automata and distributed algorithms have been used to describe protocols for team formation. A high-level specification provides a mathematical description of a protocol or a program. TLA<math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:spe:media:spe3307:spe3307-math-0003\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/spe3307-math-0003.png\" overflow=\"scroll\">\u0000<semantics>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<msup>\u0000<mrow></mrow>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mo>+</mo>\u0000</mrow>\u0000</msup>\u0000</mrow>\u0000$$ {}^{+} $$</annotation>\u0000</semantics></math> is a formal specification language designed to provide high-level specifications of concurrent and distributed systems. The associated model checker known as TLC is capable of model checking the TLA<math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:spe:media:spe3307:spe3307-math-0004\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/spe3307-math-0004.png\" overflow=\"scroll\">\u0000<semantics>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<msup>\u0000<mrow></mrow>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mo>+</mo>\u0000</mrow>\u0000</msup>\u0000</mrow>\u0000$$ {}^{+} $$</annotation>\u0000</semantics></math> specifications. Recently, formal specification of a team formation protocol is given using TLA<math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:spe:media:spe3307:spe3307-math-0005\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/spe3307-math-0005.png\" overflow=\"scroll\">\u0000<semantics>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<msup>\u0000<mrow></mrow>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mo>+</mo>\u0000</mrow>\u0000</msup>\u0000</mrow>\u0000$$ {}^{+} $$</annotation>\u0000</semantics></math> when there is a single initiator (an agent or a robot) that initiates the team formation. Using TLA<math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:spe:media:spe3307:spe3307-math-0006\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/spe3307-math-0006.png\" overflow=\"scroll\">\u0000<semantics>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<msup>\u0000<mrow></mrow>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mo>+</mo>\u0000</mrow>\u0000</msup>\u0000</mrow>\u0000$$ {}^{+} $$</annotation>\u0000</semantics></math>, we examine the formal specification for the multiple initiator situation and demonstrate that a composition technique can yield a single monolithic specification for the multiple initiator situation from the single initiator situation specification. We have used models of varying sizes, and the TLC model checker has confirmed that the protocol's specifications meet certain desired characteristics in each case.","PeriodicalId":21899,"journal":{"name":"Software: Practice and Experience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139052885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anh Nguyen-Duc, Dron Khanna, Giang Huong Le, Des Greer, Xiaofeng Wang, Luciana Martinez Zaina, Gerardo Matturro, Jorge Melegati, Eduardo Guerra, Petri Kettunen, Sami Hyrynsalmi, Henry Edison, Afonso Sales, Rafael Chanin, Didzis Rutitis, Kai-Kristian Kemell, Abdullah Aldaeej, Tommi Mikkonen, Juan Garbajosa, Pekka Abrahamsson
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disruptive impact on how people work and collaborate across all global economic sectors, including software business. While remote working is not new for software engineers, forced WFH situations come with both limitations and opportunities. As the ‘new normal’ for working might be based on the current state of Work-from-home (WFH), it is useful to understand what has happened and learn from that.
{"title":"Work-from-home impacts on software project: A global study on software development practices and stakeholder perceptions","authors":"Anh Nguyen-Duc, Dron Khanna, Giang Huong Le, Des Greer, Xiaofeng Wang, Luciana Martinez Zaina, Gerardo Matturro, Jorge Melegati, Eduardo Guerra, Petri Kettunen, Sami Hyrynsalmi, Henry Edison, Afonso Sales, Rafael Chanin, Didzis Rutitis, Kai-Kristian Kemell, Abdullah Aldaeej, Tommi Mikkonen, Juan Garbajosa, Pekka Abrahamsson","doi":"10.1002/spe.3306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.3306","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disruptive impact on how people work and collaborate across all global economic sectors, including software business. While remote working is not new for software engineers, forced WFH situations come with both limitations and opportunities. As the ‘new normal’ for working might be based on the current state of Work-from-home (WFH), it is useful to understand what has happened and learn from that.","PeriodicalId":21899,"journal":{"name":"Software: Practice and Experience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139052965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yun-Tai Yang, Hong-Bao Ye, Yi-Shan Li, Hewijin Christine Jiau
Collaboration relies on efficient communication among developers. Many development teams use instant messaging owing to its synchronous and real-time nature. Despite the convenience provided by instant messaging, developers spend a great amount of time on handling information and task interruption. Consequently, productivity of developers and effectiveness of collaboration are declined. To address the issue, this work introduces an aggressive methodology of noise blocking. The methodology appropriately prioritizes messages based on collaboration requirements. A message which is not urgent for developers to collaborate with others is defined as noise, and such message is blocked to stop unnecessary interruption. To evaluate the proposed methodology, this work conducts experiments on datasets collected from real-world projects. Then, a noise analysis tool—message analyzer for instant notification of information (MINI)—is implemented. The evaluation results show that noise hinders collaboration significantly because almost half of messages are noise. When MINI is applied, more than 80% of noise is identified, and at most 91.6% of time wasted in noise for the whole team is saved. The proposed noise blocking methodology shows promising results.
协作依赖于开发人员之间的高效沟通。由于即时信息的同步性和实时性，许多开发团队都使用它。尽管即时信息提供了便利，但开发人员还是要花费大量时间来处理信息和任务中断。因此，开发人员的工作效率和协作效果都有所下降。为了解决这个问题，这项工作引入了一种积极的噪音屏蔽方法。该方法会根据协作要求对信息进行适当的优先排序。对于开发人员与他人协作而言并不紧急的信息被定义为噪音，此类信息将被屏蔽，以阻止不必要的干扰。为了评估所提出的方法，这项工作在从实际项目中收集的数据集上进行了实验。然后，实现了一个噪音分析工具--用于即时信息通知的消息分析器（MINI）。评估结果表明，噪音严重阻碍了协作，因为几乎一半的信息都是噪音。应用 MINI 后，80% 以上的噪音被识别出来，整个团队浪费在噪音上的时间最多可节省 91.6%。所提出的噪音屏蔽方法显示出了良好的效果。
{"title":"A noise blocking methodology for effective collaboration","authors":"Yun-Tai Yang, Hong-Bao Ye, Yi-Shan Li, Hewijin Christine Jiau","doi":"10.1002/spe.3304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.3304","url":null,"abstract":"Collaboration relies on efficient communication among developers. Many development teams use instant messaging owing to its synchronous and real-time nature. Despite the convenience provided by instant messaging, developers spend a great amount of time on handling information and task interruption. Consequently, productivity of developers and effectiveness of collaboration are declined. To address the issue, this work introduces an aggressive methodology of noise blocking. The methodology appropriately prioritizes messages based on collaboration requirements. A message which is not urgent for developers to collaborate with others is defined as noise, and such message is blocked to stop unnecessary interruption. To evaluate the proposed methodology, this work conducts experiments on datasets collected from real-world projects. Then, a noise analysis tool—message analyzer for instant notification of information (MINI)—is implemented. The evaluation results show that noise hinders collaboration significantly because almost half of messages are noise. When MINI is applied, more than 80% of noise is identified, and at most 91.6% of time wasted in noise for the whole team is saved. The proposed noise blocking methodology shows promising results.","PeriodicalId":21899,"journal":{"name":"Software: Practice and Experience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138824146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerous academic research projects and industrial tasks related to software engineering require individual requirements as input. Unfortunately, according to our observation, several requirements may be packed in one paragraph without explicit boundaries in specification documents. To understand this problem's prevalence, we performed a preliminary study on the open requirement documents widely used in the academic community over the last 10 years, and found that 26% of them include this phenomenon. Several text segmentation approaches have been reported; however, they tend to identify topically coherent units which may contain more than one requirement. What is more, they do not take the constitutions of semantic units of requirements into consideration. Here we report a two-phase learning-based approach named DRIP to segment individual requirements from paragraphs. To be specific, we first propose a Requirement Segmentation Siamese framework, which models the similarity of sentences and their conjunction relations, and then detects the initial boundaries between individual requirements. Then, we optimize the boundaries heuristically based on the semantic completeness validation of the segments. Experiments with 1132 paragraphs and 6826 sentences show that DRIP outperforms the popular unsupervised and supervised text segmentation algorithms with respect to processing different documents (with accuracy gains of 57.65%–187.53%) and processing paragraphs of different complexity (with average accuracy gains of 54.46%–158.68%). We also show the importance of each component of DRIP to the segmentation.
{"title":"DRIP: Segmenting individual requirements from software requirement documents","authors":"Ziyan Zhao, Li Zhang, Xiaoli Lian, Heyang Lv","doi":"10.1002/spe.3303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.3303","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous academic research projects and industrial tasks related to software engineering require individual requirements as input. Unfortunately, according to our observation, several requirements may be packed in one paragraph without explicit boundaries in specification documents. To understand this problem's prevalence, we performed a preliminary study on the open requirement documents widely used in the academic community over the last 10 years, and found that 26% of them include this phenomenon. Several text segmentation approaches have been reported; however, they tend to identify topically coherent units which may contain more than one requirement. What is more, they do not take the constitutions of semantic units of requirements into consideration. Here we report a two-phase learning-based approach named DRIP to segment individual requirements from paragraphs. To be specific, we first propose a Requirement Segmentation Siamese framework, which models the similarity of sentences and their conjunction relations, and then detects the initial boundaries between individual requirements. Then, we optimize the boundaries heuristically based on the semantic completeness validation of the segments. Experiments with 1132 paragraphs and 6826 sentences show that DRIP outperforms the popular unsupervised and supervised text segmentation algorithms with respect to processing different documents (with accuracy gains of 57.65%–187.53%) and processing paragraphs of different complexity (with average accuracy gains of 54.46%–158.68%). We also show the importance of each component of DRIP to the segmentation.","PeriodicalId":21899,"journal":{"name":"Software: Practice and Experience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138824199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since virtual reality technology can easily realize a particular environment, it has been applied to various training. This technology is also expected in education such as those dealing with three-dimensional figures because they can represent phenomena in three dimensions. One of the standard virtual reality technologies is wearing a head-mounted display to experience a virtual reality project. However, the virtual reality experience is limited to the person wearing the head-mounted display (in most cases) when considering the use of head-mounted display-based virtual reality in education, making its usage unsuitable for mass education. Therefore, in this study, we develop a second-screen system that can share virtual reality information using an Android device. Healthy first- and second-year high school students between the ages of 15 and 17 were asked to use the virtual reality educational materials that implemented the developed system, and a questionnaire survey was conducted. There were no negative comments in the survey on whether proposing second-screen system was necessary, demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed system. Therefore, the second-screen system may adapt VR technology to mass education. In addition, we developed a package to integrate our second-screen system into the pre-existing virtual reality projects. This package simplifies the procedure for implementing a second-screen system, thus helping to reuse the virtual reality projects that have been developed so far.
{"title":"Development of a second-screen system for sharing virtual reality information","authors":"Bunta Nakano, Takaki Matsumoto, Naoto Hoshikawa, Tomoyoshi Ito, Atsushi Shiraki","doi":"10.1002/spe.3299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.3299","url":null,"abstract":"Since virtual reality technology can easily realize a particular environment, it has been applied to various training. This technology is also expected in education such as those dealing with three-dimensional figures because they can represent phenomena in three dimensions. One of the standard virtual reality technologies is wearing a head-mounted display to experience a virtual reality project. However, the virtual reality experience is limited to the person wearing the head-mounted display (in most cases) when considering the use of head-mounted display-based virtual reality in education, making its usage unsuitable for mass education. Therefore, in this study, we develop a second-screen system that can share virtual reality information using an Android device. Healthy first- and second-year high school students between the ages of 15 and 17 were asked to use the virtual reality educational materials that implemented the developed system, and a questionnaire survey was conducted. There were no negative comments in the survey on whether proposing second-screen system was necessary, demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed system. Therefore, the second-screen system may adapt VR technology to mass education. In addition, we developed a package to integrate our second-screen system into the pre-existing virtual reality projects. This package simplifies the procedure for implementing a second-screen system, thus helping to reuse the virtual reality projects that have been developed so far.","PeriodicalId":21899,"journal":{"name":"Software: Practice and Experience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138824650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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