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Unknown Mutation Detection via Restriction Hybridization Method Instead of Using Next Generation Sequencing Method 用限制性杂交法代替下一代测序法检测未知突变
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.47363/jbbr/2021(3)141
U. Masood
In biology mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequences of the DNA of an organism Mainly there are three types of mutation: point mutation, deletion and insertions. Once the mutation has been defined allele specific oligonucleotide hybridization, amplification, heteroduplex formation method referred to as a diagnostic method some advance technique like CRISPR cas9 system is using for selected mutagenesis. Using restriction method system we can detect a mutation. Let’s say you have a DNA sample with fluorescent labeled from patient and you want to make sure that gene you are interested is in healthy gene. We can design different short fragment sequences to scan through DNA or find specific gene or mutation. The sequences scan the DNA if the sequences does not find targeted gene it does not bind to it its means that no fluorescence color appears under UV-light each different short fragment sequences is label with different colors. If the different short fragments sequence does not bind to the DNA or specific gene or area this means that there will be no color appear under UV light this part or gene will be separated from the DNA by using Restriction enzyme to do a Sanger sequencing gel electrophoresis. Result of the Sanger sequencing will provide the information about sequence of unknown part or gene of the DNA this method is easier and cost economic method instead of Next generation sequencing method [1-7].
在生物学中,突变是生物体DNA核苷酸序列的变化。突变主要有三种类型:点突变、缺失和插入。一旦突变被确定,等位基因特异性寡核苷酸杂交、扩增、异双工形成方法被称为诊断方法,一些先进的技术如CRISPR cas9系统被用于选择性诱变。利用限制法系统可以检测到突变。假设你有一个病人的DNA荧光标记样本你想确保你感兴趣的基因是健康的基因。我们可以设计不同的短片段序列来扫描DNA或找到特定的基因或突变。序列扫描DNA,如果序列没有找到目标基因,则不与之结合,这意味着在紫外线照射下不会出现荧光颜色,每个不同的短片段序列被标记为不同的颜色。如果不同的短片段序列没有与DNA或特定的基因或区域结合,这意味着在紫外线下不会出现颜色,这部分或基因将通过使用限制性内切酶进行桑格测序凝胶电泳从DNA中分离出来。Sanger测序结果将提供DNA未知部分或基因的序列信息,这种方法比Next generation测序方法更简单,成本更经济[1-7]。
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引用次数: 0
Current State of Regulatory Oversight of Biosimilars in India and Its Implications on the Quality of Drugs: A Comparative Assessment with EU and FDA Regulations 印度生物仿制药的监管现状及其对药品质量的影响:与欧盟和FDA法规的比较评估
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.47363/jbbr/2021(3)140
V. Gota, Kharghar Navi India Education in Cancer, Diana Varghese, Shayma Karbelkar
Biosimilars are biologic products that are highly similar to a licensed reference biologic, with no clinically meaningful differences in quality characteristics, biological activity, safety, or efficacy. Biosimilars can help to fulfill unmet medical needs due to their cost effectiveness while at the same time being as efficacious as the innovator drug. They can also improve patient access to otherwise costly innovator biologics. India has the largest number of approved biosimilars as compared to the US and Europe. However, the numbers of clinical studies that are conducted to prove the biosimilarity are lesser than the number of biosimilars approved, which is evident by the number of CTRI registrations done. Some studies have shown the quality of biosimilars approved and marketed in India to be inferior to the innovator drug. This raises concerns regarding the quality of the biosimilars. In this review, the similarities and differences in the guidelines, the approval process, and quality enforcement measures prevailing in the three regulatory regions of USA, Europe and India are discussed. Changes in the approval process and post approval monitoring of drugs and manufacturing facilities are recommended in order to ensure sustained quality standards of drugs entering the market.
生物仿制药是指与已获许可的参考生物制剂高度相似的生物制品,在质量特征、生物活性、安全性或有效性方面没有临床意义上的差异。由于具有成本效益,生物仿制药可以帮助满足未满足的医疗需求,同时与创新药物一样有效。它们还可以改善患者获得昂贵的创新型生物制剂的途径。与美国和欧洲相比,印度获得批准的生物仿制药数量最多。然而,为证明生物相似性而进行的临床研究的数量少于批准的生物类似药的数量,这一点从CTRI注册的数量可以看出。一些研究表明,在印度批准和销售的生物仿制药的质量不如创新药物。这引起了人们对生物仿制药质量的担忧。在这篇综述中,讨论了美国、欧洲和印度三个监管地区在指导方针、审批过程和质量执法措施方面的异同。建议改变批准程序和批准后对药品和生产设施的监测,以确保进入市场的药品的持续质量标准。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison between Bromine, Calcium, Chlorine, Iodine, Potassium, Magnesium, Manganese, and Sodium Contents in Normal Thyroid and Riedel’s Struma 正常甲状腺和里德尔甲状腺肿中溴、钙、氯、碘、钾、镁、锰、钠含量的比较
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.47363/jbbr/2021(3)139
V. Zaichick
Role of chemical elements (ChE) in etiology and pathogenesis of Riedel’s disease (RD) is unclear. The aim of this exploratory study was to assess whether there were significant changes in thyroid tissue levels of eight ChE (Br, Ca Cl, I, K, Mg, Mn, and Na) are present in the fibrotic transformed thyroid. Eight ChE of thyroid tissue were determined in 6 patients with RD. The control group included thyroid tissue samples from 105 healthy individuals. Measurements were conducted using non-destructive instrumental neutron activation analysis with high-resolution spectrometry of short-lived radionuclides. Reduced mean values of Ca and I content in 6.3 and 6.7 times, respectively, while elevated level of Br in 5.1 times were found in thyroid with RD in comparison with normal level. Because considerable changes in some ChE contents in tissue of thyroid with RD were found, it is reasonable to assume that the levels of these ChE in affected thyroid tissue can be used as RD markers. However, this topic needs additional studies.
化学元素(ChE)在里德尔病(RD)病因和发病机制中的作用尚不清楚。本探索性研究的目的是评估在纤维化转化的甲状腺组织中是否存在8种ChE (Br、Ca、Cl、I、K、Mg、Mn和Na)水平的显著变化。6例RD患者甲状腺组织检测8个ChE,对照组取105例健康人甲状腺组织标本。测量使用非破坏性仪器中子活化分析与高分辨率光谱短寿命放射性核素进行。RD患者甲状腺Ca、I含量平均值分别降低6.3倍和6.7倍,Br含量升高5.1倍。由于发现甲状腺组织中某些ChE含量发生了相当大的变化,因此有理由认为这些ChE水平可以作为RD的标志物。然而,这一课题还需要进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 5
A Few Words about Medical Informatics 浅谈医学信息学
Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.47363/jbbr/2021(3)136
Siniša Franjić, Dario Galić
Medical informatics is a scientific discipline that deals with the theory and practice of information processes in medical work, where information processes mean the coverage, transmission, storage and conversion of data. In other words, medical informatics is a scientific discipline that deals with the processing of all types of data in medicine.
医学信息学是研究医学工作中信息处理的理论和实践的一门科学学科,其中信息处理意味着数据的覆盖、传输、存储和转换。换句话说,医学信息学是一门处理医学中所有类型数据的科学学科。
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引用次数: 0
Iraq Healthcare System During the First Year of Covid-19 Pandemic 2019冠状病毒病大流行第一年的伊拉克医疗系统
Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.47363/jbbr/2021(3)138
Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi
Background: The year 2020 witnessed the rapid spread of covid-19 pandemic in Iraq and in almost all the countries in the world. This spread has created a serious health crises and a public health emergency in Iraq and throughout the world. Throughout the world, healthcare systems have been negatively influenced by the pandemic and experienced unexpected changes. We have previously provided several descriptions of the Iraq health care system from its evolution. However, little is known about the health care system in Iraq during the first year of the coves pandemic. The aim of this paper is provide a description of the healthcare system in Iraq during the year 2020, the first year of covid-19 global pandemic. Materials and Methods: The available unpublished and published data about the Iraqi healthcare system during the first year of covid-19 pandemic, the year 2020 were examined. The data included more than 100 relevant unpublished and published information documents including journal articles, books, official reports of the Iraqi Ministry of Planning and Iraqi Ministry of Health. In addition, relevant useful data available at internet web sites were also reviewed. The available relevant data were classified into categories including; demographic data relevant to healthcare, Data related to covid-19 disease in Iraq, data related to the organizational structure of the healthcare system, data related to national healthcare policies including national healthcare mission, vision, strategic goals and plans, data related to healthcare system financing, data about healthcare services delivery, data about the workforce in the Iraq healthcare system, data related to child health and maternal, data about notifiable infectious disease, data about chronic disorders and the main causes of morbidity and mortality, and data about medical education and healthcare education. Many relevant healthcare data for three provinces (The Kurdish provinces in the north of Iraq) of the eighteen provinces in Iraq were not available in English or Arabic. Results: The population of Iraq in 2020 was estimated at 40.150.174 (20.284.823 males and 19.865.351 females). During the year 2020, 595291 cases of covid-19 disease were registered by the Iraqi Ministry of Health. 12813 (2.15%) patients died and 537841 (90.3%) patients experienced recovery. The organizational structure of the Iraq health system, the backbone of the Iraq healthcare system witnessed no important change from the description before covid-19 global pandemic in 2019. The declared mission and vision of the Iraqi Ministry of Health for the year 2020 were the same mission and vision of the Iraqi Ministry of Health that were declared in 2018. In 2020, the Iraqi Ministry of Health declared a strategic plan which included a vision and mission statements for the health information system. The first year of covid-19 pandemic in Iraq was not associated with an important increase in the number of primary healthcare centers.
背景:2020年,2019冠状病毒病大流行在伊拉克和世界上几乎所有国家迅速蔓延。这种传播在伊拉克和全世界造成了严重的卫生危机和突发公共卫生事件。在世界各地,卫生保健系统受到大流行的负面影响,并经历了意想不到的变化。我们以前已经从伊拉克医疗保健系统的演变中提供了一些描述。然而,在海湾大流行的第一年,人们对伊拉克的卫生保健系统知之甚少。本文的目的是在2020年,即covid-19全球大流行的第一年,对伊拉克的医疗保健系统进行描述。材料和方法:研究了2020年2019冠状病毒病大流行第一年伊拉克医疗保健系统的现有未发表和已发表数据。这些数据包括100多份未发表和已发表的相关信息文件,包括期刊文章、书籍、伊拉克规划部和伊拉克卫生部的正式报告。此外,还审查了互联网网站上的有关有用数据。现有的相关数据分为以下几类:与医疗保健有关的人口统计数据、与伊拉克covid-19疾病有关的数据、与医疗保健系统组织结构有关的数据、与国家医疗保健政策有关的数据,包括国家医疗保健使命、愿景、战略目标和计划、与医疗保健系统融资有关的数据、与医疗保健服务提供有关的数据、与伊拉克医疗保健系统劳动力有关的数据、与儿童健康和孕产妇有关的数据、与法定传染病有关的数据、关于慢性疾病和发病率和死亡率的主要原因的数据,以及关于医学教育和保健教育的数据。伊拉克18个省中有3个省(伊拉克北部的库尔德省)的许多相关保健数据没有英文或阿拉伯文版本。结果:2020年伊拉克人口为40.150.174人,其中男性20.284.823人,女性19.865.351人。2020年,伊拉克卫生部登记了595291例covid-19病例,其中12813例(2.15%)患者死亡,537841例(90.3%)患者康复。作为伊拉克医疗体系的中坚力量,伊拉克医疗体系的组织结构与2019年新冠肺炎全球大流行之前的描述相比没有发生重大变化。伊拉克卫生部宣布的2020年使命和愿景与2018年宣布的伊拉克卫生部的使命和愿景相同。2020年,伊拉克卫生部宣布了一项战略计划,其中包括卫生信息系统的愿景和使命声明。2019冠状病毒病大流行在伊拉克的第一年与初级卫生保健中心数量的显著增加无关。然而,公立医院的数量几乎没有增加。令人惊讶的是,大流行第一年政府医院的床位入住率低于大流行前两年的床位入住率。2020年住院总人数低于前4年,但每千名住院患者死亡率明显高于前4年。结论:2020年伊拉克的Covid-19疾病与显著的死亡率相关。这实际上改变了之前报告的全国死亡率模式,因为covid-19已成为伊拉克第二大常见死因。与普遍认为与covid-19疾病相关的死亡率通常仅限于较大年龄组的观点相反,2020年有117名10岁以下儿童死于covid-19疾病。这一儿童死亡数字表明,有必要考虑对较年轻年龄组进行疫苗接种,并进行相关研究。在伊拉克和全世界,Covid-19已成为一种新的法定传染病;因此,它改变了伊拉克法定传染病的模式。
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引用次数: 1
Measurment Heavy Metals of Three Cultivars of Date (Phoenixdactylifera L.) From Sudan 3个品种枣树重金属含量测定从苏丹
Pub Date : 2021-09-07 DOI: 10.47363/jbbr/2021(3)137
Inass Omer Mohamed Malik, H. M. Hamadnalla
The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of mankind’s oldest cultivated plants. A date palm fruit is an important component of the diet in most of the hot arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The Present study aimed at investigating two heavy metals (lead, Pb) and (cadmium, Cd) as mg/kg in three date palm cultivars cultivated in Sudan (Gondalia, Barakawi and Kulma). The results showed insignificant (p ≥ 0.05) concentration of the two heavy metals (cadmium and lead) between the various cultivars in the four local market (sites) (Libya, Bahri, Soug Sitta and workshop). Cadmium concentration was ranged from (0.006 - 0.043 mg/kg) and lead (0.02 - 0.029 mg/kg) for all cultivars at the four locations. Although most of the cultivars had comparable concentration of cadmium, workshop showed the highest (0.043 mg/kg) cadmium. Soug Sitta showed the highest levels of lead (0.029 mg/kg) among the other four locations. Results revealed that that cadmium concentrations of the study at low concentrations if compared with limit of CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION (2011) inverse to lead concentration. Finally, new ways of exhibition and packaging of date should introduced for safety and protection from any contaminant and heavy metals, which was set as a recommendation.
枣椰树(Phoenix dactylifera L.)是人类最古老的栽培植物之一。在世界上大多数炎热的干旱和半干旱地区,椰枣果实是饮食的重要组成部分。本研究旨在调查苏丹种植的三种枣椰树(Gondalia、Barakawi和Kulma)中的两种重金属(铅、Pb)和(镉、Cd) (mg/kg)。结果表明,在利比亚、Bahri、Soug Sitta和车间4个当地市场(点),不同品种间镉、铅两种重金属浓度差异不显著(p≥0.05)。4个地点所有品种的镉和铅浓度分别为(0.006 ~ 0.043 mg/kg)和(0.02 ~ 0.029 mg/kg)。虽然大多数品种的镉含量相当,但车间镉含量最高(0.043 mg/kg)。在其他4个地区中,南锡塔的铅含量最高(0.029毫克/公斤)。结果显示,本研究中镉的浓度较低,如果与国际食品法典委员会(2011)的限定浓度相比,则与铅的浓度成反比。最后,为保证食品安全,避免污染和重金属污染,建议采用新的食品展示和包装方式。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis, Characterization, In-Silico Docking Study and In-Vitro AntiInflammatory Activities of Novel Chalcone Derivatives 新型查尔酮衍生物的合成、表征、硅对接研究及体外抗炎活性
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.47363/jbbr/2021(3)133
R. Bharathi, N. Santhi
A series of chalcones were synthesised by condensation of appropriate acetophenones with appropriate aromatic aldehydes, and their anti-inflammatory activities were investigated. In comparison to standard drugs, some have been found to have important activity. In silico docking, tests on chalcones were shown to be more selective to COX-2. Further anti-inflammatory results were supported by docking studies with COX-2. The results from the anti-inflammatory and docking indicate that the synthesised compounds 3b, 3g and 3h can be seen as therapeutic drugs.
通过适当的苯乙酮与适当的芳醛缩合反应,合成了一系列查尔酮,并对其抗炎活性进行了研究。与标准药物相比,有些已被发现具有重要的活性。在硅对接中,对查尔酮的测试显示对COX-2更具选择性。与COX-2的对接研究进一步支持了抗炎结果。抗炎和对接的结果表明,合成的化合物3b、3g和3h可视为治疗药物。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Deinking Performance of Active Calcium Silicate Filled Paper 活性硅酸钙填充纸的脱墨性能评价
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.47363/jbbr/2021(3)129
Su Zihui, Xu-Yuan Peng
The deinking effect of printing paper filled with CaSiO3 and CaSiO3/French chalk was investigated. As a result, it shows that the two kinds of paper samples have better deinking effect, and the whiteness of the former is slightly higher than that of the latter. However, the strength index of the former is slightly lower than that of the latter. The adhesive removal effect of the paper sample filled with CaSiO3 is better than that of the paper filled with CaSiO3/ French chalk powder.
研究了CaSiO3和CaSiO3/法式粉笔填充印刷纸的脱墨效果。结果表明,两种纸样的脱墨效果较好,且前者的白度略高于后者。但前者的强度指标略低于后者。填充CaSiO3的纸样去胶效果优于填充CaSiO3/粉笔粉的纸样去胶效果。
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引用次数: 0
Preliminary Study on the Homeostatic Role of Organic Silicon and Trace Elements for Osteoarticular Well-Being 有机硅和微量元素对骨关节健康稳态作用的初步研究
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.47363/jbbr/2021(3)132
B. Riccardi, S. Resta, Rita Storelli
Numerous evidence and clinical trials have been published in recent years on the role of silicon for the maintenance of general well-being and of bones in particular. However, no study has so far investigated which fundamental contribution to health could provide silicon when taken with other trace elements in cases, very frequent, of their insufficient contribution. In this work we present a preliminary open-air study on a group of patients, using an original and innovative formulation containing organic SI G5 plus other trace elements, for the prevention and treatment of osteoarticular diseases of various origins.
近年来,大量的证据和临床试验已经发表,证明了硅在维持整体健康,特别是骨骼方面的作用。然而,迄今为止还没有一项研究调查,在经常出现贡献不足的情况下,与其他微量元素一起服用时,哪种对健康的基本贡献能够提供硅。在这项工作中,我们对一组患者进行了初步的露天研究,使用含有有机SI G5和其他微量元素的原始和创新配方,用于预防和治疗各种来源的骨关节疾病。
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引用次数: 3
Uncertanty Principle? Are Quantum Events Influenced by our Conscious or Subconscious?… and Why? Uncertanty原则?量子事件是受我们意识还是潜意识的影响?为什么?
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.47363/jbbr/2021(3)131
M. Kuman
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Research
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