Luz Alba Ballen Sierra, Thairine Mendes-Pereira, G. García, Carla Queiroga Werkhaizer, Juliana B. de Rezende, Thiago Augusto Borges Rodrigues, F. Badotti, Emanuelle Santos de Carvalho Cardoso, Andréa Miura da Costa, A. Uetanabaro, Maria Teresa Aguilar, A. Góes-Neto
The potential applications of fungi in the development of new biomaterials derived from fungal mycelium have captured the attention from both the scientific community and the society. The notable ability of mycelium networks to self-construct and aggregate can be used to produce diverse biomaterials. These biomaterials can be created in a pure state, or both in conjunction with other organic/inorganic compounds. Recent advancements in mycomaterials have gained attention due to their sustainability and mechanical, thermogravimetric, and compression properties. Such properties contribute to reducing the reliance on environmentally problematic substrates within the industry. After a standardized and comprehensive review of publications on mycomaterials across different fields, such as biology, health, agriculture, engineering, and material sciences, we detected that publications on this theme are utterly scattered. This critical review enabled us to also propose a novel classification system for these fungal-derived materials to help to structure and standardize this emerging transdisciplinary field of knowledge.
{"title":"Current situation and future perspectives for the use of fungi in the biomaterial industry and proposal for a new classification of fungal-derived materials","authors":"Luz Alba Ballen Sierra, Thairine Mendes-Pereira, G. García, Carla Queiroga Werkhaizer, Juliana B. de Rezende, Thiago Augusto Borges Rodrigues, F. Badotti, Emanuelle Santos de Carvalho Cardoso, Andréa Miura da Costa, A. Uetanabaro, Maria Teresa Aguilar, A. Góes-Neto","doi":"10.7717/peerj-matsci.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-matsci.31","url":null,"abstract":"The potential applications of fungi in the development of new biomaterials derived from fungal mycelium have captured the attention from both the scientific community and the society. The notable ability of mycelium networks to self-construct and aggregate can be used to produce diverse biomaterials. These biomaterials can be created in a pure state, or both in conjunction with other organic/inorganic compounds. Recent advancements in mycomaterials have gained attention due to their sustainability and mechanical, thermogravimetric, and compression properties. Such properties contribute to reducing the reliance on environmentally problematic substrates within the industry. After a standardized and comprehensive review of publications on mycomaterials across different fields, such as biology, health, agriculture, engineering, and material sciences, we detected that publications on this theme are utterly scattered. This critical review enabled us to also propose a novel classification system for these fungal-derived materials to help to structure and standardize this emerging transdisciplinary field of knowledge.","PeriodicalId":219314,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ Materials Science","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133164965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Succhay Gadhar, Shaina Chechang, Philip Sales, P. Arany
The COVID-19 pandemic brought forth the crucial roles of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as face masks and shields. Additive manufacturing with 3D printing enabled customization and generation of transparent PPEs. However, these devices were prone to condensation from normal breathing. This study was motivated to seek a safe, non-toxic, and durable anti-fogging solution.We used additive 3D printing to generate the testing apparatus for contact angle, sliding angle, and surface contact testing. We examined several formulations of carnauba wax to beeswax in different solvents and spray-coated them on PETG transparent sheets to test contact and sliding angle, and transmittance. Further, the integrity of this surface following several disinfection methods such as detergent, isopropyl alcohol, or water alone with gauze, paper towels, and microfiber, along with disinfectant wipes, was assessed.The results indicate a 1:2 ratio of carnauba to beeswax in Acetone optimally generated a highly hydrophobic surface (contact angle 150.3 ± 2.1° and sliding angle 13.7 ± 2.1°) with maximal transmittance. The use of detergent for disinfection resulted in the complete removal of the anti-fogging coating, while isopropyl alcohol and gauze optimally maintained the integrity of the coated surface. Finally, the contact surface testing apparatus generated a light touch (5,000 N/m2) that demonstrated good integrity of the antifogging surface.This study demonstrates that a simple natural wax hydrophobic formulation can serve as a safe, non-toxic, and sustainable anti-fogging coating for clear PPEs compared to several commercial solutions.
{"title":"Durability and physical characterization of anti-fogging solution for 3D-printed clear masks and face shields","authors":"Succhay Gadhar, Shaina Chechang, Philip Sales, P. Arany","doi":"10.7717/peerj-matsci.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-matsci.30","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The COVID-19 pandemic brought forth the crucial roles of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as face masks and shields. Additive manufacturing with 3D printing enabled customization and generation of transparent PPEs. However, these devices were prone to condensation from normal breathing. This study was motivated to seek a safe, non-toxic, and durable anti-fogging solution.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We used additive 3D printing to generate the testing apparatus for contact angle, sliding angle, and surface contact testing. We examined several formulations of carnauba wax to beeswax in different solvents and spray-coated them on PETG transparent sheets to test contact and sliding angle, and transmittance. Further, the integrity of this surface following several disinfection methods such as detergent, isopropyl alcohol, or water alone with gauze, paper towels, and microfiber, along with disinfectant wipes, was assessed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results indicate a 1:2 ratio of carnauba to beeswax in Acetone optimally generated a highly hydrophobic surface (contact angle 150.3 ± 2.1° and sliding angle 13.7 ± 2.1°) with maximal transmittance. The use of detergent for disinfection resulted in the complete removal of the anti-fogging coating, while isopropyl alcohol and gauze optimally maintained the integrity of the coated surface. Finally, the contact surface testing apparatus generated a light touch (5,000 N/m2) that demonstrated good integrity of the antifogging surface.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study demonstrates that a simple natural wax hydrophobic formulation can serve as a safe, non-toxic, and sustainable anti-fogging coating for clear PPEs compared to several commercial solutions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":219314,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ Materials Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130669502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, demagnetization heat treatment at 100 ∼400 °C is studied by using computer simulation to secure the optimal demagnetization heat treatment conditions for waste neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets. From the computer simulation, the temperature of the magnet during heat treatment is higher than the set temperature by up to 6 °C. Delay time occurs when the furnace internal temperature and magnet temperature reached the set temperature. A delay time of 15 minutes in an air atmosphere and 10 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere occurs. The Nd magnet was completely demagnetized at 300 °C as the magnetic flux decreased when the heat treatment temperature increased up to 250 °C. The fully demagnetized magnet could be magnetized to the level of a new magnet. It was confirmed that NdFeB magnets heat treated up to 350 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere can be reusable due to stable demagnetization being possible without surface change.
{"title":"A study on demagnetization heat treatment of waste neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) magnets by using computer simulation","authors":"B. Kim, Yongkeun Lee, Young-Sear Kim","doi":"10.7717/peerj-matsci.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-matsci.28","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, demagnetization heat treatment at 100 ∼400 °C is studied by using computer simulation to secure the optimal demagnetization heat treatment conditions for waste neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets. From the computer simulation, the temperature of the magnet during heat treatment is higher than the set temperature by up to 6 °C. Delay time occurs when the furnace internal temperature and magnet temperature reached the set temperature. A delay time of 15 minutes in an air atmosphere and 10 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere occurs. The Nd magnet was completely demagnetized at 300 °C as the magnetic flux decreased when the heat treatment temperature increased up to 250 °C. The fully demagnetized magnet could be magnetized to the level of a new magnet. It was confirmed that NdFeB magnets heat treated up to 350 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere can be reusable due to stable demagnetization being possible without surface change.","PeriodicalId":219314,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ Materials Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128402479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The optoelectronic properties of free standing monolayer (ML) hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is investigated for potential solar energy conversion applications using the density functional theory (DFT) full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. In addition, the bulk optical properties have also been calculated for the sake of comparison. The dielectric functions, optical conductivities and the optical constants are evaluated using the relaxed structures from electronic total energy pseudopotential calculations. The results reinforce previous research on h-BN DUV optoelectronics and demonstrate the suitability of its use as a component in deep ultraviolet (DUV) and energy conversion devices.
{"title":"2D hexagonal boron nitride for solar energy conversions","authors":"A. Ramanathan","doi":"10.7717/peerj-matsci.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-matsci.27","url":null,"abstract":"The optoelectronic properties of free standing monolayer (ML) hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is investigated for potential solar energy conversion applications using the density functional theory (DFT) full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. In addition, the bulk optical properties have also been calculated for the sake of comparison. The dielectric functions, optical conductivities and the optical constants are evaluated using the relaxed structures from electronic total energy pseudopotential calculations. The results reinforce previous research on h-BN DUV optoelectronics and demonstrate the suitability of its use as a component in deep ultraviolet (DUV) and energy conversion devices.","PeriodicalId":219314,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ Materials Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116494817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bismuth titanate syntheses using wet chemical methods are comparatively time-consuming and require long durations for completion using the well-studied sol-gel method. In this work, we use microwave initiated combustion method to produce ultra-thin bismuth titanate nanosheets. This method reduces the time required for the synthesis down to minutes, when compared to hours or days in most other methods. The thickness of the synthesized sheets were tuned by adding polyethylene glycol as a capping agent, which in turn affects the band gap and subsequently, their photocatalytic properties. The samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and absorption spectrophotometry. Photocatalytic effect of the synthesized bismuth titanate nanosheets on methylene blue dye also studied and variation of band gap depending on thickness of the nanosheets were observed.
{"title":"Microwave assisted synthesis of bismuth titanate nanosheets and its photocatalytic effects","authors":"Adrine Antony Correya, V. Nampoori, A. Mujeeb","doi":"10.7717/peerj-matsci.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-matsci.26","url":null,"abstract":"Bismuth titanate syntheses using wet chemical methods are comparatively time-consuming and require long durations for completion using the well-studied sol-gel method. In this work, we use microwave initiated combustion method to produce ultra-thin bismuth titanate nanosheets. This method reduces the time required for the synthesis down to minutes, when compared to hours or days in most other methods. The thickness of the synthesized sheets were tuned by adding polyethylene glycol as a capping agent, which in turn affects the band gap and subsequently, their photocatalytic properties. The samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and absorption spectrophotometry. Photocatalytic effect of the synthesized bismuth titanate nanosheets on methylene blue dye also studied and variation of band gap depending on thickness of the nanosheets were observed.","PeriodicalId":219314,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ Materials Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114299806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study new TiO2 photocatalysts core@shell type were synthesized using SiO2 as structural support. The coating was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Adsorption isotherms revealed that the surface area of such composites is about 26% higher than pure oxide (W50). X-ray diffractograms combined with Raman spectroscopy revealed that the synthesized TiO2 presents a structure based on the coexistence of anatase and brookite. The composite W50S50 presented the best photocatalytic performance of H2 production, with 13.5 mmol in 5 h, corresponding to a specific rate of 32.5 mmol h−1g−1. In the reuse assays, this composite presented a good stability in the production of H2. However, its performance presented a reduction of 23% over the reuse cycles. Considering the H2 production in a solar simulator, W50S50 produced about 25.0 μmols, which is equivalent to 48.0 μmols h−1g−1, suggesting the good performance of this material for photocatalytic hydrogen production.
{"title":"Hydrogen production by photocatalysis using new composites based on SiO2 coated by TiO2","authors":"A. Machado, Werick Alves Machado","doi":"10.7717/peerj-matsci.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-matsci.25","url":null,"abstract":"In this study new TiO2 photocatalysts core@shell type were synthesized using SiO2 as structural support. The coating was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Adsorption isotherms revealed that the surface area of such composites is about 26% higher than pure oxide (W50). X-ray diffractograms combined with Raman spectroscopy revealed that the synthesized TiO2 presents a structure based on the coexistence of anatase and brookite. The composite W50S50 presented the best photocatalytic performance of H2 production, with 13.5 mmol in 5 h, corresponding to a specific rate of 32.5 mmol h−1g−1. In the reuse assays, this composite presented a good stability in the production of H2. However, its performance presented a reduction of 23% over the reuse cycles. Considering the H2 production in a solar simulator, W50S50 produced about 25.0 μmols, which is equivalent to 48.0 μmols h−1g−1, suggesting the good performance of this material for photocatalytic hydrogen production.","PeriodicalId":219314,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ Materials Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127325992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriela Rodríguez de la Concha Azcárate, Nayely Torres Gómez, M. Camacho-López, V. Ruiz-Ruiz, N. Hernández-Guerrero, A. R. Vilchis-Nestor
Rare earth hydroxides have a wide variety of applications due to their interesting optical and magnetic properties. Specifically, yttrium hydroxide Y(OH)3 is an essential compound of rare earth hydroxides that can be used in areas such as electronics and chemistry due to its optical and structural properties. In this work Y(OH)3 was synthesized under nine reaction times (2–24 h) using the hydrothermal method in order to analyze the morphology evolution process that the Y(OH)3 follow to obtain the expected bar morphology. Also, a characterization study of Y(OH)3 through several techniques such as x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, infrared, Raman and UV-Vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry is presented. The obtained samples in every reaction time were compared on phase purity, particle size and shape, and spectroscopic and thermal properties. It was concluded that the reaction time has an important effect in obtaining yttrium hydroxide using the hydrothermal method. During the study, the optimal time to obtain only Y(OH)3 was evaluated, as well as the evolution of the morphology over time. At 12 hours, only Y(OH)3is obtained, therefore this time is proposed as the optimal time.
{"title":"Spectroscopic, structural and thermal study of Y(OH)3microstructures synthesized by hydrothermal method: effect of the reaction time","authors":"Gabriela Rodríguez de la Concha Azcárate, Nayely Torres Gómez, M. Camacho-López, V. Ruiz-Ruiz, N. Hernández-Guerrero, A. R. Vilchis-Nestor","doi":"10.7717/peerj-matsci.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-matsci.23","url":null,"abstract":"Rare earth hydroxides have a wide variety of applications due to their interesting optical and magnetic properties. Specifically, yttrium hydroxide Y(OH)3 is an essential compound of rare earth hydroxides that can be used in areas such as electronics and chemistry due to its optical and structural properties. In this work Y(OH)3 was synthesized under nine reaction times (2–24 h) using the hydrothermal method in order to analyze the morphology evolution process that the Y(OH)3 follow to obtain the expected bar morphology. Also, a characterization study of Y(OH)3 through several techniques such as x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, infrared, Raman and UV-Vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry is presented. The obtained samples in every reaction time were compared on phase purity, particle size and shape, and spectroscopic and thermal properties. It was concluded that the reaction time has an important effect in obtaining yttrium hydroxide using the hydrothermal method. During the study, the optimal time to obtain only Y(OH)3 was evaluated, as well as the evolution of the morphology over time. At 12 hours, only Y(OH)3is obtained, therefore this time is proposed as the optimal time.","PeriodicalId":219314,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ Materials Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126853499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eric Shen Lin, Zhixiong Song, J. W. Ong, H. A. Abid, O. Liew, T. Ng
A method where particulates are transferred via a cosmetic brush onto liquid drops created on a highly non-wetting substrate with a hole to generate talc and graphite liquid marbles (LMs) and talc-graphite Janus liquid marbles is described. van der Waals forces facilitated the attachment of particulates to the dry brush bristles. Subsequently, the surface tension forces that developed from particle interaction with water (which were O(102) higher than the van der Waals forces) could then engender transfer of the particulates to the liquid-gas interface of the drop. Forces below 1 mN applied by a dangling foil on the LM ensured preservation of the drop shape when the force was removed. During the application of this force, the contact angles at the contact lines behaved differently from sessile drops that are inclined on surfaces. This preparation method portends the ability to automate the creation of LMs and Janus LMs for various applications.
{"title":"Brushed creation of liquid marbles","authors":"Eric Shen Lin, Zhixiong Song, J. W. Ong, H. A. Abid, O. Liew, T. Ng","doi":"10.7717/peerj-matsci.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-matsci.24","url":null,"abstract":"A method where particulates are transferred via a cosmetic brush onto liquid drops created on a highly non-wetting substrate with a hole to generate talc and graphite liquid marbles (LMs) and talc-graphite Janus liquid marbles is described. van der Waals forces facilitated the attachment of particulates to the dry brush bristles. Subsequently, the surface tension forces that developed from particle interaction with water (which were O(102) higher than the van der Waals forces) could then engender transfer of the particulates to the liquid-gas interface of the drop. Forces below 1 mN applied by a dangling foil on the LM ensured preservation of the drop shape when the force was removed. During the application of this force, the contact angles at the contact lines behaved differently from sessile drops that are inclined on surfaces. This preparation method portends the ability to automate the creation of LMs and Janus LMs for various applications.","PeriodicalId":219314,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ Materials Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133543678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Bartoš, Lu Wang, A. Anker, Morten Rewers, Olivia Aalling‐Frederiksen, K. Jensen, T. Sørensen
Polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) were fabricated from an emulsion of PS/toluene in water using several surfactants, and purified via dialysis in a simple procedure. The synthesis process was carried out at room temperature, without hazardous chemicals, and with a workload of 5 h. All relevant parameters–surfactant type, component concentration, solvent volume, polymer chain length, sonication time–were varied and the effect on the size of the resulting PS NPs were determined. A robust PS NP synthesis procedure was developed, repeated, and tested by three independent researches. The procedure was up-scaled to prove the applicability of the method and the NPs were prepared with four different hydrophobic dyes.All products were found to be comparable, and we conclude that the method can provide PS NPs with or without dye dopants with an average diameter of 25 nm in a reproducible size distribution.
{"title":"Synthesis of fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticles: a reproducible and scalable method","authors":"D. Bartoš, Lu Wang, A. Anker, Morten Rewers, Olivia Aalling‐Frederiksen, K. Jensen, T. Sørensen","doi":"10.7717/peerj-matsci.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-matsci.22","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) were fabricated from an emulsion of PS/toluene in water using several surfactants, and purified via dialysis in a simple procedure. The synthesis process was carried out at room temperature, without hazardous chemicals, and with a workload of 5 h. All relevant parameters–surfactant type, component concentration, solvent volume, polymer chain length, sonication time–were varied and the effect on the size of the resulting PS NPs were determined. A robust PS NP synthesis procedure was developed, repeated, and tested by three independent researches. The procedure was up-scaled to prove the applicability of the method and the NPs were prepared with four different hydrophobic dyes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000All products were found to be comparable, and we conclude that the method can provide PS NPs with or without dye dopants with an average diameter of 25 nm in a reproducible size distribution.\u0000","PeriodicalId":219314,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ Materials Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124122385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aditya R. Jangid, E. B. Strong, Jacqueline Chuang, Andres W. Martinez, Nathaniel W. Martinez
Three commercially-available conductive filaments were evaluated for 3D printing flexible circuits on paper. While all three filaments were printed successfully, the resulting conductive traces were found to have significantly different impedances when characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Using a graphite-doped polylactic acid filament, the flexibility of paper-based conductive traces was evaluated, methods of integrating common electrical and electronic components with the conductive traces were demonstrated, and the resistive heating of the traces was characterized. The ability to 3D print conductive traces on paper using commercially available materials opens many opportunities for rapid prototyping of flexible electronics and for integrating electronic circuits with paper-based microfluidic devices.
{"title":"Evaluation of commercially-available conductive filaments for 3D printing flexible circuits on paper","authors":"Aditya R. Jangid, E. B. Strong, Jacqueline Chuang, Andres W. Martinez, Nathaniel W. Martinez","doi":"10.7717/peerj-matsci.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-matsci.21","url":null,"abstract":"Three commercially-available conductive filaments were evaluated for 3D printing flexible circuits on paper. While all three filaments were printed successfully, the resulting conductive traces were found to have significantly different impedances when characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Using a graphite-doped polylactic acid filament, the flexibility of paper-based conductive traces was evaluated, methods of integrating common electrical and electronic components with the conductive traces were demonstrated, and the resistive heating of the traces was characterized. The ability to 3D print conductive traces on paper using commercially available materials opens many opportunities for rapid prototyping of flexible electronics and for integrating electronic circuits with paper-based microfluidic devices.","PeriodicalId":219314,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ Materials Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115145178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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