Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2023.2271049
Soad E. Rizk, Rasha Gamal, Naglaa E. El-Hefny
ABSTRACTExtraction and separation of rare-earth elements (Eu(III) and Sm(III)) from nitrate solutions were studied using Cyanex 572 and Alamine 336 type extractants, as well as their binary mixtures in kerosene. Separate studies were carried out on the parameters that influence the extraction process. According to the slope analysis method, the composition of extracted species in the organic phase is [MNO3A2(HA)2][R3NH.NO3]2(Org). The mixture loading capacity towards Eu(III) and Sm(III), as well as the stripping of their loads from the organic phases, were also tested. After being treated with a NaOH solution, the stripped binary mixture was regenerated. The FT-IR spectra of the binary mixture organic phase, the organic phase loaded with metals, the stripped organic phase, and the regenerated organic phase were identified and compared. The separation method is based on a combined reduction-precipitation process in which europium is reduced to its bivalent state by commercial zinc metal, followed by the precipitation of its sparingly soluble europous sulphate. The developed method was used to separate a synthetic mixture of Eu(III) and Sm(III) from an analogous solution in nitrate medium to that expected from spent nuclear fuel leach liquor. Extraction and separation processes for Eu(III) and Sm(III) were detailed in a flowchart.KEYWORDS: Alamine 336Cyanex 572Europium(III)Samarium(III)solvent extraction AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank Cytec Industries for supplying a commercial sample of Cyanex 572. The Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority funded this research, which received no specific funding from public, commercial, or non-profit funding agencies.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Optimal Extraction and Separation of Europium and Samarium from Nitrate Medium Using Binary Mixture of Cyanex 572 and Tertiary Amine Extractants","authors":"Soad E. Rizk, Rasha Gamal, Naglaa E. El-Hefny","doi":"10.1080/07366299.2023.2271049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07366299.2023.2271049","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTExtraction and separation of rare-earth elements (Eu(III) and Sm(III)) from nitrate solutions were studied using Cyanex 572 and Alamine 336 type extractants, as well as their binary mixtures in kerosene. Separate studies were carried out on the parameters that influence the extraction process. According to the slope analysis method, the composition of extracted species in the organic phase is [MNO3A2(HA)2][R3NH.NO3]2(Org). The mixture loading capacity towards Eu(III) and Sm(III), as well as the stripping of their loads from the organic phases, were also tested. After being treated with a NaOH solution, the stripped binary mixture was regenerated. The FT-IR spectra of the binary mixture organic phase, the organic phase loaded with metals, the stripped organic phase, and the regenerated organic phase were identified and compared. The separation method is based on a combined reduction-precipitation process in which europium is reduced to its bivalent state by commercial zinc metal, followed by the precipitation of its sparingly soluble europous sulphate. The developed method was used to separate a synthetic mixture of Eu(III) and Sm(III) from an analogous solution in nitrate medium to that expected from spent nuclear fuel leach liquor. Extraction and separation processes for Eu(III) and Sm(III) were detailed in a flowchart.KEYWORDS: Alamine 336Cyanex 572Europium(III)Samarium(III)solvent extraction AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank Cytec Industries for supplying a commercial sample of Cyanex 572. The Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority funded this research, which received no specific funding from public, commercial, or non-profit funding agencies.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":22002,"journal":{"name":"Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange","volume":"151 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134906051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2023.2265440
Anshuman Sharma, Nirvik Sen, Sourav Sarkar, K. K. Singh, P. S. Sarkar, K. T. Shenoy
ABSTRACTA novel air pulsed column plate internal featuring plates having concentric circular slots of fixed width (3 mm) is conceptualized, tested, and compared against standard sieve plate internal for counter-current two-phase flow. This new plate design (slotted plates) offers significant intensification in terms of specific interfacial area by as much as ~ 50% vis-à-vis standard sieve plates. The studies are carried out in a 3 inch diameter air pulsed column with tap water as the continuous phase and 30% (v/v) tributyl phosphate in dodecane as the dispersed phase. A high-speed imaging system is used to quantify the state of dispersion and obtain drop size distribution along with Sauter mean drop diameter. The effects of pulsing velocity, dispersed phase velocity and continuous phase velocity on dispersed phase holdup, drop size and consequentially specific interfacial area have been systematically studied for both internals. In all cases, slotted plates are characterized by generation of smaller drops and a higher holdup leading to significant improvement in specific interfacial area. Previously reported correlations for estimating dispersed phase holdup and Sauter mean diameter in pulsed sieve plate columns are found to be inadequate for slotted plate internals. Therefore, new correlations for prediction of holdup and drop diameter have been proposed for the new plate design.KEYWORDS: Holduppulsed sieve plate columnpulsed slotted plate columnSauter mean drop diametersolvent extraction Nomenclature A=Pulsing amplitude [m]a=Specific interfacial area [1/m]d=Drop diameter [m]dslot=Slot width [m]d32=Sauter mean drop diameter [m]f=Pulse frequency [1/s]g=Acceleration due to gravity [m/s2]h=Inter-plate spacing [m]n=Number density of droplets of diameter d [-]N=Number of droplets having diameter in the range of d+Δd/2 [-]Ntot=Total number of droplets measured in the analysis [-]Vd=Dispersed phase superficial flow velocity [m/s]Vc=Continuous phase superficial flow velocity [m/s]Greek letters=ε=Fractional open area [-]ρ=Density [kg/m3]ϕ=Dispersed phase holdup [-]µ=Viscosity [kg/m s]σ=Interfacial tension [N/m]Subscript=c=Continuous phased=Dispersed phaseAcknowledgmentsThe first author (AS) is thankful to the Department of Atomic Energy, India for providing fellowship under DDFS-Ph.D. scheme.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India.
{"title":"Experimental Studies on Two-Phase Flow with a Novel Slotted Plate Internal in an Air Pulsed Column","authors":"Anshuman Sharma, Nirvik Sen, Sourav Sarkar, K. K. Singh, P. S. Sarkar, K. T. Shenoy","doi":"10.1080/07366299.2023.2265440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07366299.2023.2265440","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTA novel air pulsed column plate internal featuring plates having concentric circular slots of fixed width (3 mm) is conceptualized, tested, and compared against standard sieve plate internal for counter-current two-phase flow. This new plate design (slotted plates) offers significant intensification in terms of specific interfacial area by as much as ~ 50% vis-à-vis standard sieve plates. The studies are carried out in a 3 inch diameter air pulsed column with tap water as the continuous phase and 30% (v/v) tributyl phosphate in dodecane as the dispersed phase. A high-speed imaging system is used to quantify the state of dispersion and obtain drop size distribution along with Sauter mean drop diameter. The effects of pulsing velocity, dispersed phase velocity and continuous phase velocity on dispersed phase holdup, drop size and consequentially specific interfacial area have been systematically studied for both internals. In all cases, slotted plates are characterized by generation of smaller drops and a higher holdup leading to significant improvement in specific interfacial area. Previously reported correlations for estimating dispersed phase holdup and Sauter mean diameter in pulsed sieve plate columns are found to be inadequate for slotted plate internals. Therefore, new correlations for prediction of holdup and drop diameter have been proposed for the new plate design.KEYWORDS: Holduppulsed sieve plate columnpulsed slotted plate columnSauter mean drop diametersolvent extraction Nomenclature A=Pulsing amplitude [m]a=Specific interfacial area [1/m]d=Drop diameter [m]dslot=Slot width [m]d32=Sauter mean drop diameter [m]f=Pulse frequency [1/s]g=Acceleration due to gravity [m/s2]h=Inter-plate spacing [m]n=Number density of droplets of diameter d [-]N=Number of droplets having diameter in the range of d+Δd/2 [-]Ntot=Total number of droplets measured in the analysis [-]Vd=Dispersed phase superficial flow velocity [m/s]Vc=Continuous phase superficial flow velocity [m/s]Greek letters=ε=Fractional open area [-]ρ=Density [kg/m3]ϕ=Dispersed phase holdup [-]µ=Viscosity [kg/m s]σ=Interfacial tension [N/m]Subscript=c=Continuous phased=Dispersed phaseAcknowledgmentsThe first author (AS) is thankful to the Department of Atomic Energy, India for providing fellowship under DDFS-Ph.D. scheme.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India.","PeriodicalId":22002,"journal":{"name":"Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange","volume":"53 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2023.2259951
Dina Tolan, Amr Heniesh, Mohamed Ismael, Emad Elshehy, Norah Faihan Alqahtani, Waleed A. El-Said, Ahmed El-Nahas, Ayman El-Sawaf
ABSTRACTThis work has been performed to synthesize a new dithiooxamide/glutaraldehyde resin (R-DTGA) polymer, and to determine the adsorption behavior as well as the adsorption kinetics of the reaction of the synthesized polymer towards the removal of mercury (II) ions from contaminated aqueous and industrial waste media. The synthesized resin polymer has been characterized by using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the DTA, and the TGA measurements and techniques. The adsorption behavior of mercury ions and species was studied using the batch technique. The batch adsorption experiments were performed by using the synthesized polymer, and the effect of various parameters affecting the mercury (II) ions removal has been carefully investigated. The studied parameters are the solution pH, mercury ions concentration, and adsorption time. The obtained experimental results and data indicated the adsorption of mercury was maximum at the pH value (4.6). Also, it was found the adsorption of mercury ions onto the synthesized resin is best fitted by the Langmuir adsorption model, and the adsorption kinetics is best fitted by pseudo-second order kinetics model. The studied adsorbent polymer gave a superior maximum uptake (adsorption) capacity of 11 mmol/g. Based on the obtained results, the synthesized polymer provided extraordinary maximum capacity, selectivity, reusability, sensitivity, and fast adsorption kinetics to remove, extract, and recover mercury (II) ions from industrial, aqueous, and wastewater solutions.KEYWORDS: Mercury recoverydithiooxamideglutaraldehydepolymeradsorption isothermsresinadsorption kinetics AcknowledgmentsThe authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number (IF-PSAU-2021/01/18797).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia [IF-PSAU-2021/01/18797].
{"title":"Removal of Mercury Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Dithiooxamide-Glutaraldehyde Resin","authors":"Dina Tolan, Amr Heniesh, Mohamed Ismael, Emad Elshehy, Norah Faihan Alqahtani, Waleed A. El-Said, Ahmed El-Nahas, Ayman El-Sawaf","doi":"10.1080/07366299.2023.2259951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07366299.2023.2259951","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis work has been performed to synthesize a new dithiooxamide/glutaraldehyde resin (R-DTGA) polymer, and to determine the adsorption behavior as well as the adsorption kinetics of the reaction of the synthesized polymer towards the removal of mercury (II) ions from contaminated aqueous and industrial waste media. The synthesized resin polymer has been characterized by using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the DTA, and the TGA measurements and techniques. The adsorption behavior of mercury ions and species was studied using the batch technique. The batch adsorption experiments were performed by using the synthesized polymer, and the effect of various parameters affecting the mercury (II) ions removal has been carefully investigated. The studied parameters are the solution pH, mercury ions concentration, and adsorption time. The obtained experimental results and data indicated the adsorption of mercury was maximum at the pH value (4.6). Also, it was found the adsorption of mercury ions onto the synthesized resin is best fitted by the Langmuir adsorption model, and the adsorption kinetics is best fitted by pseudo-second order kinetics model. The studied adsorbent polymer gave a superior maximum uptake (adsorption) capacity of 11 mmol/g. Based on the obtained results, the synthesized polymer provided extraordinary maximum capacity, selectivity, reusability, sensitivity, and fast adsorption kinetics to remove, extract, and recover mercury (II) ions from industrial, aqueous, and wastewater solutions.KEYWORDS: Mercury recoverydithiooxamideglutaraldehydepolymeradsorption isothermsresinadsorption kinetics AcknowledgmentsThe authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number (IF-PSAU-2021/01/18797).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia [IF-PSAU-2021/01/18797].","PeriodicalId":22002,"journal":{"name":"Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134960495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACTExtraction of As(III) from hydrochloric acid solution using various solvents on the basis of ion solvation has been reported, but a theoretical framework to describe the suitability of solvents for extraction has not been systematized. In this study, comprehensive extraction tests for As(III) using a variety of organic solvents were conducted to clarify the requirements for solvents to extract As(III). From the results of initial screening tests, various aromatics, ethers, and ketones were rated as candidates for the extraction of As(III) at high HCl concentrations, whereas aliphatic hydrocarbons were excluded. Many solvents showed high extraction capacity for As(III) to give organic fraction concentrations of 150 mM or higher. The logP value (P = partitioning coefficient between n-octanol and water) within a solvent class showed some correlation with extractability of As(III) but the correlation was invalid across solvent types. High correlation was shown between the Hansen solubility parameters of the solvents and As(III) extractability: Twenty of 22 solvents (90.9%) were appropriately classified as valid or invalid for the extraction of As(III) based on the Hansen sphere. 2-Nonanone was recommended as an ideal solvent for As(III) extraction because of its good balance between high extractability and its desirable physical properties for industrial operations. As(III) was quantitatively stripped from 2-nonanone into water with a concentration factor of 22.6.KEYWORDS: ArsenicHansen solubility parameterssolvent extractionion solvationhydrochloric acid AcknowledgmentsThis research was partly supported by the Adaptable and Seamless Technology Transfer Program through Target-driven R&D (A-STEP) of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Japan, and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP19H00842 and JP23H01756. We thank Austin Schultz, PhD, from Edanz (https://jp.edanz.com/ac) for editing a draft of this manuscript.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Supplementary materialSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/07366299.2023.2259943.Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [JP19H00842] and [JP23H01756]; JST.
{"title":"Relationship Between Extraction of Arsenic via Ion Solvation and Hansen Solubility Parameters of Extractants","authors":"Naoki Matsuo, Kaoru Ohe, Tatsuya Oshima, Kazuharu Yoshizuka","doi":"10.1080/07366299.2023.2259943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07366299.2023.2259943","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTExtraction of As(III) from hydrochloric acid solution using various solvents on the basis of ion solvation has been reported, but a theoretical framework to describe the suitability of solvents for extraction has not been systematized. In this study, comprehensive extraction tests for As(III) using a variety of organic solvents were conducted to clarify the requirements for solvents to extract As(III). From the results of initial screening tests, various aromatics, ethers, and ketones were rated as candidates for the extraction of As(III) at high HCl concentrations, whereas aliphatic hydrocarbons were excluded. Many solvents showed high extraction capacity for As(III) to give organic fraction concentrations of 150 mM or higher. The logP value (P = partitioning coefficient between n-octanol and water) within a solvent class showed some correlation with extractability of As(III) but the correlation was invalid across solvent types. High correlation was shown between the Hansen solubility parameters of the solvents and As(III) extractability: Twenty of 22 solvents (90.9%) were appropriately classified as valid or invalid for the extraction of As(III) based on the Hansen sphere. 2-Nonanone was recommended as an ideal solvent for As(III) extraction because of its good balance between high extractability and its desirable physical properties for industrial operations. As(III) was quantitatively stripped from 2-nonanone into water with a concentration factor of 22.6.KEYWORDS: ArsenicHansen solubility parameterssolvent extractionion solvationhydrochloric acid AcknowledgmentsThis research was partly supported by the Adaptable and Seamless Technology Transfer Program through Target-driven R&D (A-STEP) of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Japan, and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP19H00842 and JP23H01756. We thank Austin Schultz, PhD, from Edanz (https://jp.edanz.com/ac) for editing a draft of this manuscript.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Supplementary materialSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/07366299.2023.2259943.Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [JP19H00842] and [JP23H01756]; JST.","PeriodicalId":22002,"journal":{"name":"Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136061001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The accurate prediction of the extraction behaviors of various solutes in PUREX reprocessing process is crucial for the operation and implementation of the actual process. In this paper, an integrated model is developed to predict the extraction behaviors of U, Np, Pu, and HNO3 in the co-decontamination step (1A extraction step) in a pulsed extraction column. The model couples several physical and chemical processes, such as countercurrent flow, mass transfer, and chemical reaction. The mass transfer coefficients and the distribution ratios of U(VI), Pu(IV), Np(IV), Np(V), Np(VI), HNO3 and HNO2 can be obtained using this model. In particular, the redox and disproportion reactions of Np are considered in the model, and the flow direction of Np can be judged under various process conditions and the corresponding influential factors can be analyzed. The judgment is based on the yield calculated from the relative concentration profiles of Np(VI), Np(V), and Np(IV) in the two phases. For neptunium to inter 1AP step, it is necessary to select high nitric acid concentration, low nitrite concentration and especially high flow ratio. For neptunium to inter 1AW step, low nitric acid concentration, high nitrite concentration and low flow ratio are needed. Compared with the experimental data, the relative errors of the distribution ratios of various solutes are less than 30%, and the relative errors of the concentrations of U(VI) and Pu(IV) at the outlet of the organic phase are less than 10%, and our model is indicated to be reliable and applicable for co-decontamination step in the PUREX reprocessing process.
{"title":"An Integrated Model Combining Mass Transfer and Chemical Reaction for Co-Decontamination Extraction Step of PUREX Process in a Pulsed Extraction Column","authors":"Ruihan Yan, Yang Gao, Yu Zhou, Qiang Zhao, Hongguo Hou, Meng Zhang","doi":"10.1080/07366299.2023.2252859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07366299.2023.2252859","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The accurate prediction of the extraction behaviors of various solutes in PUREX reprocessing process is crucial for the operation and implementation of the actual process. In this paper, an integrated model is developed to predict the extraction behaviors of U, Np, Pu, and HNO3 in the co-decontamination step (1A extraction step) in a pulsed extraction column. The model couples several physical and chemical processes, such as countercurrent flow, mass transfer, and chemical reaction. The mass transfer coefficients and the distribution ratios of U(VI), Pu(IV), Np(IV), Np(V), Np(VI), HNO3 and HNO2 can be obtained using this model. In particular, the redox and disproportion reactions of Np are considered in the model, and the flow direction of Np can be judged under various process conditions and the corresponding influential factors can be analyzed. The judgment is based on the yield calculated from the relative concentration profiles of Np(VI), Np(V), and Np(IV) in the two phases. For neptunium to inter 1AP step, it is necessary to select high nitric acid concentration, low nitrite concentration and especially high flow ratio. For neptunium to inter 1AW step, low nitric acid concentration, high nitrite concentration and low flow ratio are needed. Compared with the experimental data, the relative errors of the distribution ratios of various solutes are less than 30%, and the relative errors of the concentrations of U(VI) and Pu(IV) at the outlet of the organic phase are less than 10%, and our model is indicated to be reliable and applicable for co-decontamination step in the PUREX reprocessing process.","PeriodicalId":22002,"journal":{"name":"Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47044817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2023.2249952
A. Turanov, V. Karandashev
ABSTRACT Outer-sphere interactions play an important role in the liquid-liquid extraction and separation of metal ions and they could be used to tune the efficiency and selectivity of recovery. Here, we report the extraction behaviour and separation of trivalent rare-earth elements from aqueous nitric acid solutions with N,N,N’,N’-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide (TODGA), which was preliminarily contacted with an aqueous solution of N-H acid bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (triflimide, HTf2N; Tf = CF3SO2) resulting in an adduct TODGA⋅HTf2N. We examined in detail the extraction system composed of TODGA acidified with HTf2N and 1,2-dichloroethane as diluent. The effect of various experimental conditions such as the nature of diluent, aqueous nitric acid concentration, and TODGA⋅HTf2N concentration in the organic phase was studied. It has been found that the distribution coefficient values for metal ions are much greater, especially at low aqueous acidity in the extraction systems with the acidified organic solvent phase. Furthermore, the heavier lanthanides were effectively extracted and the intergroup lanthanide selectivity was greatly improved (separation factors for the Lu/La pair increased by 40 and 2 times for the two systems under study, respectively).
{"title":"Triflimide Effect in Solvent Extraction of Rare-Earth Elements from Nitric Acid Solutions by TODGA","authors":"A. Turanov, V. Karandashev","doi":"10.1080/07366299.2023.2249952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07366299.2023.2249952","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Outer-sphere interactions play an important role in the liquid-liquid extraction and separation of metal ions and they could be used to tune the efficiency and selectivity of recovery. Here, we report the extraction behaviour and separation of trivalent rare-earth elements from aqueous nitric acid solutions with N,N,N’,N’-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide (TODGA), which was preliminarily contacted with an aqueous solution of N-H acid bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (triflimide, HTf2N; Tf = CF3SO2) resulting in an adduct TODGA⋅HTf2N. We examined in detail the extraction system composed of TODGA acidified with HTf2N and 1,2-dichloroethane as diluent. The effect of various experimental conditions such as the nature of diluent, aqueous nitric acid concentration, and TODGA⋅HTf2N concentration in the organic phase was studied. It has been found that the distribution coefficient values for metal ions are much greater, especially at low aqueous acidity in the extraction systems with the acidified organic solvent phase. Furthermore, the heavier lanthanides were effectively extracted and the intergroup lanthanide selectivity was greatly improved (separation factors for the Lu/La pair increased by 40 and 2 times for the two systems under study, respectively).","PeriodicalId":22002,"journal":{"name":"Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49180858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2023.2248197
A. Turanov, V. Karandashev
ABSTRACT The extraction of lanthanides(III) from aqueous nitric acid solutions with mixtures of bis(diphenylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxides) (L) and dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid (HDNNS) in organic diluents is studied. It is established that the efficiency of extraction of Ln(III) ions increases significantly when HDNNS is added to the organic phase containing L. The synergistic effect arises due to the higher hydrophobicity of the extractable Ln(III) complexes formed by the L ligand and DNNS− anions compared to those containing NO3 − ions as counteranions. The stoichiometry of the extracted complexes is determined, and the influence of the composition of the aqueous phase, the nature of the organic solvent, and the structure of the bis-CMPO ligands on the efficiency of the extraction of metal ions into the organic phase is considered. The synergistic effect during the extraction of Ln(III) from aqueous nitric acid solutions with mixtures of L and HDNNS weakens with increasing the acidity of the aqueous phase; however, it also holds in acidic media.
{"title":"Synergistic Extraction of Lanthanides(III) from Acidic Aqueous Solutions with Mixtures of Bis(Diphenylcarbamoylmethylphosphine Oxide) Ligands and Dinonylnaphtalene Sulfonic Acid","authors":"A. Turanov, V. Karandashev","doi":"10.1080/07366299.2023.2248197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07366299.2023.2248197","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The extraction of lanthanides(III) from aqueous nitric acid solutions with mixtures of bis(diphenylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxides) (L) and dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid (HDNNS) in organic diluents is studied. It is established that the efficiency of extraction of Ln(III) ions increases significantly when HDNNS is added to the organic phase containing L. The synergistic effect arises due to the higher hydrophobicity of the extractable Ln(III) complexes formed by the L ligand and DNNS− anions compared to those containing NO3 − ions as counteranions. The stoichiometry of the extracted complexes is determined, and the influence of the composition of the aqueous phase, the nature of the organic solvent, and the structure of the bis-CMPO ligands on the efficiency of the extraction of metal ions into the organic phase is considered. The synergistic effect during the extraction of Ln(III) from aqueous nitric acid solutions with mixtures of L and HDNNS weakens with increasing the acidity of the aqueous phase; however, it also holds in acidic media.","PeriodicalId":22002,"journal":{"name":"Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46658648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2023.2248189
M. Simonnet, Y. Sasaki, T. Yaita
ABSTRACT The combination of two neutral CHON reagents, a lipophilic phenanthroline dicarboxamide and a hydrophilic diglycolamide, resulted in a synergistic separation of adjacent light lanthanides in nitrate medium as the ligands present a reversed lanthanide selectivity. Separation factors higher than 7 were obtained for the pair Pr/Nd, which is one of the highest values reported in the literature.
{"title":"Combining a Lipophilic Phenanthroline Carboxamide and a Hydrophilic Diglycolamide to Increase the Separation Factors of Adjacent Light Lanthanides","authors":"M. Simonnet, Y. Sasaki, T. Yaita","doi":"10.1080/07366299.2023.2248189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07366299.2023.2248189","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The combination of two neutral CHON reagents, a lipophilic phenanthroline dicarboxamide and a hydrophilic diglycolamide, resulted in a synergistic separation of adjacent light lanthanides in nitrate medium as the ligands present a reversed lanthanide selectivity. Separation factors higher than 7 were obtained for the pair Pr/Nd, which is one of the highest values reported in the literature.","PeriodicalId":22002,"journal":{"name":"Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49017249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-13DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2023.2247222
O. Logutenko, I. Fleitlikh
{"title":"In Memoriam, Douglas Flett, 1936–2023","authors":"O. Logutenko, I. Fleitlikh","doi":"10.1080/07366299.2023.2247222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07366299.2023.2247222","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22002,"journal":{"name":"Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange","volume":"41 1","pages":"854 - 855"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45804326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2023.2239882
D. Maertens, K. Binnemans, T. Cardinaels
ABSTRACT Annular centrifugal contactors (ACCs) have appealing properties as counter-current multistage solvent extraction (SX) equipment, allowing high throughput at short residence times, small liquid hold-up, and small footprint. The number of commercial suppliers of laboratory-scale ACCs is limited, and their designs have restricted flexibility. Commercial 25 mm diameter ACCs were customized with transparent PMMA surroundings of the mixing zones, allowing visual process monitoring and identification of operational malfunctions. The separation zone of several rotors was lengthened compared to the factory design, which allows longer average residence times in the modified contactors, while keeping the organic flow rate constant in the bank of interconnected contactors. The Couette gap could be increased or decreased without affecting the mixing performance. A 3D-printed stator allows for more efficient draining of the light and heavy phases, and reduces liquid hold-up and volumes required to efficiently achieve steady-state conditions in the process. The hydrodynamic performance of the modified equipment was demonstrated by a SX process of uranium with TBP. First a literature data set of distribution ratios for uranium in HNO3 and 30% TBP diluted in dodecane was utilized to create an empirical model in SX Process simulation software. A flowsheet was designed to validate the model, and it provides an example of the methodology to progress from batch to multistage process. Online density measurements were used to monitor and control the uranium concentrations, and to achieve the desired high metal loading steady-state conditions. It was demonstrated that ruthenium decontamination from uranium could be improved in modified ACCs with longer residence time in the mixing zones of the scrubbing section.
{"title":"Design of a Modular Annular Centrifugal Contactor for Lab-Scale Counter-Current Multistage Solvent Extraction","authors":"D. Maertens, K. Binnemans, T. Cardinaels","doi":"10.1080/07366299.2023.2239882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07366299.2023.2239882","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Annular centrifugal contactors (ACCs) have appealing properties as counter-current multistage solvent extraction (SX) equipment, allowing high throughput at short residence times, small liquid hold-up, and small footprint. The number of commercial suppliers of laboratory-scale ACCs is limited, and their designs have restricted flexibility. Commercial 25 mm diameter ACCs were customized with transparent PMMA surroundings of the mixing zones, allowing visual process monitoring and identification of operational malfunctions. The separation zone of several rotors was lengthened compared to the factory design, which allows longer average residence times in the modified contactors, while keeping the organic flow rate constant in the bank of interconnected contactors. The Couette gap could be increased or decreased without affecting the mixing performance. A 3D-printed stator allows for more efficient draining of the light and heavy phases, and reduces liquid hold-up and volumes required to efficiently achieve steady-state conditions in the process. The hydrodynamic performance of the modified equipment was demonstrated by a SX process of uranium with TBP. First a literature data set of distribution ratios for uranium in HNO3 and 30% TBP diluted in dodecane was utilized to create an empirical model in SX Process simulation software. A flowsheet was designed to validate the model, and it provides an example of the methodology to progress from batch to multistage process. Online density measurements were used to monitor and control the uranium concentrations, and to achieve the desired high metal loading steady-state conditions. It was demonstrated that ruthenium decontamination from uranium could be improved in modified ACCs with longer residence time in the mixing zones of the scrubbing section.","PeriodicalId":22002,"journal":{"name":"Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange","volume":"41 1","pages":"741 - 766"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41555623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：