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What Public Defenders Don’t (Have to) Tell Their Clients 公设辩护人不(必须)告诉客户的事情
Pub Date : 2016-11-05 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2864963
Steven Zeidman
New York State courts, like many other state and federal courts, have seen an increase in cases that pit lawyer versus client; where the lawyer wanted to proceed in one way and the client wanted to go in another direction. The resulting decisions, often inconsistent and irreconcilable, reflect the difficulties in navigating the lawyer-client relationship.Recently, the New York Court of Appeals again waded directly into the muddy waters of attorney versus client decision-making. On the face of it, the Court was deciding whether counsel needed his client’s consent before telling the prosecutor that his client would not exercise his statutory right to testify in the Grand Jury. However, lurking beneath the surface are the larger and related questions of who, between lawyer and client, has ultimate decision-making power, and what information lawyers must provide clients about their rights.
纽约州法院,像许多其他州和联邦法院一样,已经看到律师对客户的案件有所增加;律师想以一种方式进行,而客户想以另一种方式进行。由此产生的决定,往往不一致和不可调和,反映了驾驭律师-客户关系的困难。最近,纽约上诉法院再次直接涉入律师对客户决策的浑水。从表面上看,法院是在决定律师在告诉检察官他的当事人不会行使他在大陪审团作证的法定权利之前是否需要他的当事人的同意。然而,隐藏在表面之下的是更大的和相关的问题:律师和客户之间谁拥有最终的决策权,律师必须向客户提供哪些关于他们权利的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Toxic Sweatshops: Regulating the Import of Hazardous Electronics 有毒血汗工厂:管制危险电子产品的进口
Pub Date : 2016-01-14 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2717837
Allison Robbins
The rise in consumer use of personal electronic devices has led to a boom in electronics manufacturing worldwide. Along with the expansion of production have come serious questions about the safety of production processes, as large numbers of workers and their children have become seriously ill. This article proposes that the United States, as a leading importer of electronic devices and components, create an Electronics Import Safety Commission to make sure that both workers and consumers are safe. This commission, modeled after the Consumer Protection Safety Commission, would monitor and regulate electronics manufacturing and would enhance transparency and accountability throughout the supply chain.
消费者使用个人电子设备的增加导致了全球电子制造业的繁荣。随着生产规模的扩大,生产过程的安全也出现了严重的问题,因为大量的工人和他们的孩子患上了重病。本文建议美国作为电子设备和元件的主要进口国,建立一个电子产品进口安全委员会,以确保工人和消费者的安全。该委员会以消费者保护安全委员会(Consumer Protection Safety commission)为蓝本,将监督和管理电子产品制造业,并提高整个供应链的透明度和问责制。
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引用次数: 0
When Judges Don't Follow the Law: Research and Recommendations 当法官不遵守法律:研究和建议
Pub Date : 2015-12-31 DOI: 10.13016/M2RR1PN9K
Michele Cotton
The sense that our legal system enforces the rule of law and provides litigants with equal justice may be based on perceptions created by its most visible courts. The courts where high-profile, high-stakes litigation and appellate review take place are frequented by attorneys, studied by legal scholars, covered by the media, and no doubt shape our view of the legal system as a whole. But the most visible courts are the tip of the iceberg and may not be representative of what happens in the larger, more obscure part of our system, such as those civil courts that handle “small claims,” debt collection, landlord-tenant disputes, and the like. Litigants are seldom represented by attorneys in such courts, and their cases rarely make the news or are noticed by law professors. Yet whether it is actually true that our legal system enforces the rule of law and provides equal justice would seem to depend on what happens in just such courts, as they are the legal system as most people experience it. If we care about the rule of law, we presumably do not want these so-called “lesser” courts to be places where high-minded
我们的法律制度执行法治并为诉讼当事人提供平等正义的感觉,可能是基于其最引人注目的法院所创造的观念。律师经常光顾这些法院,法律学者对其进行研究,媒体对其进行报道。毫无疑问,这些法院塑造了我们对整个法律体系的看法。但是,最引人注目的法院只是冰山一角,可能不能代表我们体系中更大、更模糊的部分所发生的事情,比如那些处理“小额索赔”、债务追讨、房东与房客纠纷等问题的民事法院。在这样的法庭上,诉讼当事人很少有律师代表,他们的案件也很少成为新闻或引起法学教授的注意。然而,我们的法律体系是否真的执行了法治并提供了平等的司法,似乎取决于这些法院的情况,因为它们是大多数人所经历的法律体系。如果我们关心法治,我们大概不希望这些所谓的“低级”法院成为高尚的人
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引用次数: 2
Chicago Police Torture Scandal: A Legal and Political History 芝加哥警察酷刑丑闻:法律和政治史
Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.31641/CLR170203
G. Taylor
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 R I. THE WILSON CRIMINAL CASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 R II. THE ANDREW WILSON CIVIL CASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 R III. THE ANONYMOUS LETTERS FROM “DEEP BADGE” . . . . . . . 335 R IV. OFFICE OF PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS REPORTS . . . . . . . . . 338 R V. THE FIRING OF JON BURGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 R VI. Wilson Civil Suit on Remand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 R VII. AREA 2 TORTURE BY BURGE’S MIDNIGHT CREW . . . . . . . . 343 R VIII. THE BANKS AND BATES CASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 R IX. THE CANNON CRIMINAL CASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 R X. THE DEATH ROW CASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 R XI. AREA 3 DETECTIVE HEADQUARTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 R XII. GUBERNATORIAL PARDONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 R XIII. APPOINTMENT OF THE COOK COUNTY SPECIAL PROSECUTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 R XIV. CIVIL SUITS BY THE PARDONED PRISONERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 R XV. THE INTERNATIONAL CAMPAIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 R XVI. THE SPECIAL PROSECUTORS’ REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 R XVII. RESPONSE TO THE SPECIAL PROSECUTORS’ REPORT . . . . . 360 R XVIII. THE PROSECUTION OF JON BURGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 R XIX. MORE EXONERATIONS AND LAWSUITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 R XX. THE STANLEY WRICE CASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 R XXI. THE CANNON CIVIL SUIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 R XXII. TILLMAN AND KITCHEN CIVIL SUITS: DALEY JOINED AS A DEFENDANT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 R XXIII. LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 R XXIV. BURGE CONVICTION AFFIRMED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 R XXV. SETTLEMENTS IN THE CIVIL CASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 R CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 R
目錄 引言 引言 引言 引言330 R I. The Wilson Criminal Case .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331 R II.ANDREW WILSON 民事案件. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .334 R III.来自 "深徽章 "的匿名信 335 R IV.335 R IV.专业标准办公室的报告338 R V. The firing of JON BURGER .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339 R VI.威尔逊民事诉讼发回重审340 R VII.第 2 区布尔奇的午夜船员实施的酷刑343 R VIII.班克斯案和贝茨案343 R IX.加農刑事案件. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .死囚牢房案件347 R XI.第三區偵緝總部350 R XII.Gubernatorial pardons(州长赦免).............352 R XIII.庫克郡特別檢察官的委任353 R XIV.獲赦免囚犯的民事訴訟354 R XV.國際運動356 R XVI.特别检察官的报告. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358 R XVII.对特别检察官报告的回应对特别检察官报告的回应. . . .360 R XVIII.對 JON BURGER 的檢控. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363 R XIX.更多的免罪釋放和訴訟365 R XX.斯坦利-里斯案. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365 R XXI.加農民事訴訟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367 R XXII.tillman and kitchen civil suits:DALEY 加入成為被告373 R XXIII.立法措施376 R XXIV.BURRGE 定罪維持原判. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378 R XXV.民事案件的和解結果379 R 結論.380 R
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引用次数: 6
A Tribute to Justice: Honoring Forty Years of Struggle to Advance Judicial Process for Crimes Against Humanity in Chile 向正义致敬:纪念智利推进反人类罪司法程序的四十年斗争
Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.31641/clr170205
B. Real, G. Bindman, Joan E. Garcės, A. Bernabéu
1 These remarks were delivered as part of A Tribute to Justice, an event commemorating the 40th anniversary of the military coup d’etat in Chile, presented by the Charles Horman Truth Foundation at the Third Church of Christ Scientist in New York City on September 9, 2013. Other speakers and honorees included Peter Weiss, Judge Juan Guzman Tapia, Jennifer Harbury, Reed Brody, Peter Kornbluh, and Prof. Cynthia Soohoo. The program was co-sponsored by CUNY School of Law, the Center for Constitutional Rights, the Institute for Policy Studies, and the North American Congress on Latin America, with support from the Ford Foundation. The editors thank Joyce Horman for permission to transcribe the program, and gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Bridget Lombardozzi and Southern District Court Reporters, P.C. The remarks have been edited for length and grammatical continuity. Videos of the entire Tribute to Justice program can be accessed at http:// www.hormantruth.org/ht/2013videos. 2 Almudena Bernabeu has served as International Attorney for the Center for Justice and Accountability (CJA) since early 2002. Bernabeu leads CJA’s Latin America program, practicing U.S.-based civil Alien Tort Statute litigation against human rights abusers and universal jurisdiction criminal human rights prosecutions before the Spanish National Court. Bernabeu is also Director of CJA’s Transitional Justice Program. Bernabeu currently serves as the lead private prosecutor on two human rights cases before the Spanish National Court: one filed on behalf of survivors of the Guatemalan Genocide and the other brought against senior Salvadoran officials for the massacre of Jesuit priests in 1989. Bernabeu has worked in human rights and international law for the past decade. She has published many articles on human rights litigation in national courts and its effectiveness in the struggle against impunity, as well as on reforming Spanish asylum and refugee law. She has lectured at universities in multiple countries, participated in numerous conferences internationally, and has conducted trainings for lawyers and government prosecutors. Bernabeu is also Vice President of the Spanish Association for Human Rights (www.apdhe.org), and serves as an advisor at the Human Rights Clinic at Santa Clara University. Bernabeu is a member of the advisory board of the Peruvian Institute of Forensic Anthropology (EPAF) (www.epafperu.org), a forensic group providing evidence on human rights violations investigations and prosecutions. In 2012, Bernabeu won the prestigious Katharine & George Alexander Law Prize, and the Yo Dona Magazine Award. She was named one of the 100 most influential people by Time magazine in 2013, and just received the SCEVOLA award for ethics and professional excellence. Ms. Bernabeu holds an LLM degree from the University Of Valencia School Of Law, where she specialized in Public International Law. Trained in Spanish and U.S. law, she is a member of the Valencia and Madri
这些言论是作为纪念智利军事政变40周年纪念活动“向正义致敬”的一部分发表的,该活动由查尔斯·霍曼真相基金会于2013年9月9日在纽约市第三基督科学派教会举办。其他主讲人和获奖者包括Peter Weiss、Juan Guzman Tapia法官、Jennifer Harbury、Reed Brody、Peter Kornbluh和Cynthia Soohoo教授。该项目由纽约市立大学法学院、宪法权利中心、政策研究所和北美拉丁美洲国会共同主办,并得到福特基金会的支持。编辑们感谢乔伊斯·霍曼(Joyce Horman)允许转录该节目,并感谢布里奇特·隆巴多齐(Bridget Lombardozzi)和南区法院记者(south District Court Reporters, P.C.)的帮助。为了篇幅和语法的连续性,这些评论经过了编辑。整个“向正义致敬”项目的视频可以在http:// www.hormantruth.org/ht/2013videos上访问。Almudena Bernabeu自2002年初以来一直担任司法与问责中心(CJA)的国际律师。伯纳乌领导CJA的拉丁美洲项目,在西班牙国家法院对侵犯人权者进行基于美国的民事外国人侵权法诉讼和普遍管辖权的刑事人权诉讼。伯纳乌也是CJA过渡时期司法项目的主任。伯纳乌目前在西班牙国家法院审理的两起人权案件中担任首席私人检察官:一起是代表危地马拉种族灭绝幸存者提起的,另一起是针对1989年屠杀耶稣会牧师的萨尔瓦多高级官员提起的。伯纳乌在过去的十年里一直从事人权和国际法方面的工作。她发表了许多关于国家法院人权诉讼及其在打击有罪不罚方面的有效性的文章,以及关于改革西班牙庇护和难民法的文章。她曾在多个国家的大学演讲,参加过许多国际会议,并为律师和政府检察官进行过培训。伯纳乌还是西班牙人权协会(www.apdhe.org)的副主席,并在圣克拉拉大学人权诊所担任顾问。伯纳乌是秘鲁法医人类学研究所(www.epafperu.org)顾问委员会的成员,该研究所是一个为侵犯人权的调查和起诉提供证据的法医组织。2012年,伯纳乌获得了著名的凯瑟琳和乔治亚历山大法律奖,以及Yo Dona杂志奖。2013年,她被《时代》杂志评为100位最具影响力的人物之一,并刚刚获得了SCEVOLA道德和专业卓越奖。她持有瓦伦西亚大学法学院的法学硕士学位,专攻国际公法。她接受过西班牙和美国法律的培训,是瓦伦西亚和马德里律师协会以及美国律师协会的成员。
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引用次数: 0
Discriminatory Maintenance of REO Properties as a Violation of the Federal Fair Housing Act 对REO房产的歧视性维护违反了联邦公平住房法
Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.31641/CLR170204
Stephen M. Dane, T. Ramchandani, A. Bellows
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引用次数: 4
Tax a Bank, Save a Home: Judicial, Legislative, and Other Creative Efforts to Prevent Foreclosures in New York 向银行征税,拯救家园:司法、立法和其他创造性的努力防止纽约丧失抵押品赎回权
Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.31641/clr170202
Erica Braudy
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引用次数: 0
Natural Disasters, Access to Justice, and Legal Services 自然灾害、诉诸司法和法律服务
Pub Date : 2013-12-31 DOI: 10.31641/CLR170101
J. Ballard, Julia Howard-Gibbon, Branda Muñoz Furnish, Aaron Scheinwald
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 R I. SRU ORIGIN AND STRUCTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 R A. SRU Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 R B. Legal Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 R 1. Federal Assistance: FEMA and SBA . . . . . . . . . . . 6 R 2. Private Insurance (Homeowner’s and Flood Insurance) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 R C. Levels of Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 R D. Expanded Client Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 R II. CASE STUDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 R A. Client A—FEMA Home Repair and Basement Living Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 R B. Client B—Displaced Renter Affected by New Zoning and Flood Elevation Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 R C. Client C—SRU’s Holistic Approach to Assistance . . . . . 27 R CONCLUSION: AN ONGOING RECOVERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 R
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引用次数: 1
Male Asylum Applicants Who Fear Becoming the Victims of Honor Killings: The Case for Gender Equality 害怕成为荣誉谋杀受害者的男性庇护申请人:性别平等的案例
Pub Date : 2013-12-31 DOI: 10.31641/CLR170107
C. Steinke
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 I. HONOR KILLINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 A. The Cultural Significance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 B. Male Victims of Honor Killings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 C. Honor Killings versus Domestic Violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 II. ASYLUM CLAIMS BASED ON THE THREAT OF AN HONOR KILLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 A. The Elements of an Asylum Claim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 B. Case Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 i. Showing Membership in a Particular Social Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 ii. Showing that the Government Is Unwilling or Unable to Prevent the Harm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 iii. Showing an Inability to Relocate . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 C. Honor Killing Asylum Claims Brought by Men . . . . . . . 254 III. ANALYZING HONOR KILLING ASYLUM CLAIMS IN GENDER-NEUTRAL TERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 A. The Responsibility of Asylum Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 B. The Responsibility of Federal Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
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引用次数: 6
Single-Room Occupancy Housing in New York City: The Origins and Dimensions of a Crisis 纽约市的单间住房:危机的起源和维度
Pub Date : 2013-12-31 DOI: 10.31641/CLR170104
Brian J. Sullivan, J. Burke
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 I. THE BASICS OF SRO HOUSING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 II. THE NEED FOR SRO HOUSING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 III. THE DESTRUCTION OF SRO HOUSING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 A. Rent Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 B. Certificate of No Harassment (CONH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 C. Homelessness Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 IV. NEW YORK CITY’S PERMANENT HOUSING CRISIS . . . . . . . . 132 V. SROS AND THE CRISIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 VI. BRINGING SROS BACK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 A. Lift the Ban on the Construction of New SRO Units . . 139 B. Preserve Existing Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
引言 引言 引言 引言113 I. 自置居所的基本原則115 II.提供資助房屋的需要117 III.小型屋宇的破壞情況119 A.租金規例125 B. 无骚扰证明书(CONH)无家可归政策. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129 IV.纽约市的永久性住房危机132 V. SOS 与危机136 VI.让SROS回归自然138 A. Lift the Ban on the Construction of New SRO Units .140 結論143
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引用次数: 14
期刊
City University of New York Law Review
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