Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.3389/fearc.2024.1394106
Lee M. Panich, Monica V. Arellano, Michael Wilcox, Gustavo Flores, Samuel Connell
The Muwekma Ohlone Tribe has long been involved in the archaeology and stewardship of their ancestral homelands, both through their own cultural resource management (CRM) firm and though collaborations with academic and CRM archaeologists. In this article, we build on the past 40 years of archaeological collaborations in the southern San Francisco Bay region and offer examples of how archaeologists can support tribal heritage and environmental stewardship by using the traditional purview of material culture in combination with a broader array of evidence and concerns. As presented in our brief case studies, the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe and scholars are working together to reclaim tribal heritage and promote Native stewardship in a cultural landscape that has been marred by more than 250 years of dispossession. We examine this work in the context of the renaming of ancestral sites, the public interpretation of Native heritage associated with Mission Santa Clara de Asís, archival research into the history of Indigenous resistance, as well as collaborative efforts to awaken traditional ecological knowledge in service of the Tribe's stewardship and land management goals.
{"title":"Fighting erasure and dispossession in the San Francisco Bay Area: putting archaeology to work for the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe","authors":"Lee M. Panich, Monica V. Arellano, Michael Wilcox, Gustavo Flores, Samuel Connell","doi":"10.3389/fearc.2024.1394106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fearc.2024.1394106","url":null,"abstract":"The Muwekma Ohlone Tribe has long been involved in the archaeology and stewardship of their ancestral homelands, both through their own cultural resource management (CRM) firm and though collaborations with academic and CRM archaeologists. In this article, we build on the past 40 years of archaeological collaborations in the southern San Francisco Bay region and offer examples of how archaeologists can support tribal heritage and environmental stewardship by using the traditional purview of material culture in combination with a broader array of evidence and concerns. As presented in our brief case studies, the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe and scholars are working together to reclaim tribal heritage and promote Native stewardship in a cultural landscape that has been marred by more than 250 years of dispossession. We examine this work in the context of the renaming of ancestral sites, the public interpretation of Native heritage associated with Mission Santa Clara de Asís, archival research into the history of Indigenous resistance, as well as collaborative efforts to awaken traditional ecological knowledge in service of the Tribe's stewardship and land management goals.","PeriodicalId":221074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology","volume":"1 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.3389/fearc.2023.1208985
S. Y. Maezumi, Mitchell J. Power, Richard J. Smith, K. McLauchlan, Andrea Brunelle, Christopher Carleton, Andrea U. Kay, Patrick Roberts, F. E. Mayle
The Amazon Rainforest Ecotone (the ARF-Ecotone) of the southwestern Amazon Basin is a transitional landscape from tropical evergreen rainforests and seasonally flooded savannahs to savannah woodlands and semi-deciduous dry forests. While fire activity plays an integral role in ARF-Ecotones, recent interactions between human activity and increased temperatures and prolonged droughts driven by anthropogenic climate change threaten to accelerate habitat transformation through positive feedbacks, increasing future fire susceptibility, fuel loads, and fire intensity. The long-term factors driving fire in the ARF-Ecotone remain poorly understood because of the challenge of disentangling the effects of prolonged climatic variability since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~24,000 to 11,000 cal BP) and over 10,500 years of human occupation in the region. To investigate this issue, we implement an interdisciplinary framework incorporating multiple lake sediment cores, with varying basin characteristics with existing regional palaeoclimatological and archaeological data. These data indicate expansive C4 grasslands coupled with low fire activity during the LGM, higher sensitivity of small basins to detecting local-scale fire activity, and increased spatial diversity of fire during the Holocene (~10,500 cal year BP to the limit of our records ~4,000 cal year BP), despite a similar regional climate. This may be attributed to increased human-driven fire. These data raise the intriguing possibility that the composition of modern flora at NKMNP developed as part of a co-evolutionary process between people and plants that started at the beginning of the ARE occupation.
{"title":"Fire-human-climate interactions in the Bolivian Amazon rainforest ecotone from the Last Glacial Maximum to late Holocene","authors":"S. Y. Maezumi, Mitchell J. Power, Richard J. Smith, K. McLauchlan, Andrea Brunelle, Christopher Carleton, Andrea U. Kay, Patrick Roberts, F. E. Mayle","doi":"10.3389/fearc.2023.1208985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fearc.2023.1208985","url":null,"abstract":"The Amazon Rainforest Ecotone (the ARF-Ecotone) of the southwestern Amazon Basin is a transitional landscape from tropical evergreen rainforests and seasonally flooded savannahs to savannah woodlands and semi-deciduous dry forests. While fire activity plays an integral role in ARF-Ecotones, recent interactions between human activity and increased temperatures and prolonged droughts driven by anthropogenic climate change threaten to accelerate habitat transformation through positive feedbacks, increasing future fire susceptibility, fuel loads, and fire intensity. The long-term factors driving fire in the ARF-Ecotone remain poorly understood because of the challenge of disentangling the effects of prolonged climatic variability since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~24,000 to 11,000 cal BP) and over 10,500 years of human occupation in the region. To investigate this issue, we implement an interdisciplinary framework incorporating multiple lake sediment cores, with varying basin characteristics with existing regional palaeoclimatological and archaeological data. These data indicate expansive C4 grasslands coupled with low fire activity during the LGM, higher sensitivity of small basins to detecting local-scale fire activity, and increased spatial diversity of fire during the Holocene (~10,500 cal year BP to the limit of our records ~4,000 cal year BP), despite a similar regional climate. This may be attributed to increased human-driven fire. These data raise the intriguing possibility that the composition of modern flora at NKMNP developed as part of a co-evolutionary process between people and plants that started at the beginning of the ARE occupation.","PeriodicalId":221074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology","volume":"11 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138980313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.3389/fearc.2023.1309907
V. Navarrete, Ángel Viñerta, Ignacio Clemente-Conte, Ermengol Gassiot, Javier Rey Lanaspa, Maria Saña
Research on animal management strategies in high mountain areas during the early Neolithic (5,700–4,500 cal BC) has been conditioned by the presumption that human occupations in highland areas had a prominent seasonal character and the economic practices focused mainly on the exploitation of wild resources. The results obtained in the framework of research developed recently on settlement dynamics during the early Neolithic in the highland areas indicate the existence of relatively permanent occupations and the exploitation of domestic resources. Regarding livestock, the role of caprine transhumance in highland areas has been highlighted traditionally, conferring a marginal role to husbandry activities and emphasizing principally the temporary maintenance of herds of sheep and goats. In this study, we use the archaeozoological data and δ13C and δ15N stable isotopes composition of the faunal bones collagen to characterize the husbandry practices in Coro Trasito cave (Huesca, Spain). The results obtained demonstrated the presence of diverse herd foddering strategies within husbandry practices characterized by taxonomic diversity and multipurpose exploitation suggests that during the Neolithic, Coro Trasito cave played a more complex role than sheepfold. Moreover, the presence of the four main domestic species indicates the adaptation of herds of Coro Trasito to the cave environment, flocks with diverse dietary needs and reproductive behaviors. The results are discussed with an integrated analysis of the data related to animal management strategies in highland areas (more than 1,500 m. asl) during the early Neolithic, in particular in the central Pyrenees area. This study offers new elements to study the complexity of neolithization processes in the central Pyrenees and how these areas were quickly integrated into a broader economic system.
{"title":"Early husbandry practices in highland areas during the Neolithic: the case of Coro Trasito cave (Huesca, Spain)","authors":"V. Navarrete, Ángel Viñerta, Ignacio Clemente-Conte, Ermengol Gassiot, Javier Rey Lanaspa, Maria Saña","doi":"10.3389/fearc.2023.1309907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fearc.2023.1309907","url":null,"abstract":"Research on animal management strategies in high mountain areas during the early Neolithic (5,700–4,500 cal BC) has been conditioned by the presumption that human occupations in highland areas had a prominent seasonal character and the economic practices focused mainly on the exploitation of wild resources. The results obtained in the framework of research developed recently on settlement dynamics during the early Neolithic in the highland areas indicate the existence of relatively permanent occupations and the exploitation of domestic resources. Regarding livestock, the role of caprine transhumance in highland areas has been highlighted traditionally, conferring a marginal role to husbandry activities and emphasizing principally the temporary maintenance of herds of sheep and goats. In this study, we use the archaeozoological data and δ13C and δ15N stable isotopes composition of the faunal bones collagen to characterize the husbandry practices in Coro Trasito cave (Huesca, Spain). The results obtained demonstrated the presence of diverse herd foddering strategies within husbandry practices characterized by taxonomic diversity and multipurpose exploitation suggests that during the Neolithic, Coro Trasito cave played a more complex role than sheepfold. Moreover, the presence of the four main domestic species indicates the adaptation of herds of Coro Trasito to the cave environment, flocks with diverse dietary needs and reproductive behaviors. The results are discussed with an integrated analysis of the data related to animal management strategies in highland areas (more than 1,500 m. asl) during the early Neolithic, in particular in the central Pyrenees area. This study offers new elements to study the complexity of neolithization processes in the central Pyrenees and how these areas were quickly integrated into a broader economic system.","PeriodicalId":221074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138980603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-28DOI: 10.3389/fearc.2023.1221143
Julien Royer, Andrew D. Somerville
We assess the feasibility of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) antlers to serve as archives of information on paleoseasonality by analyzing stable isotope values from four modern white-tailed deer collected in central Iowa, USA. Because antlers develop from early spring to early fall, they may serve as an archive for intra-annual seasonal variations and provide snapshots of past climatic and environmental conditions.Intra-antler samples were collected from the proximal end to distal end along the main beam of each antler and analyzed for carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values from collagen (δ13Ccol, δ15Ncol) and carbon and oxygen stable isotope values in bioapatite (δ13Capa, δ18Oapa). Stable isotope data were then correlated with local climate data (precipitation and temperature) from the months leading up to the date of death of each deer and with the 50-year averages of the region.No consistent seasonal patterning was observed between local climate data and isotopic variables across the antlers. δ13Capa values from each antler, however, do show a trend of being negatively correlated with precipitation variables and mean temperature.The results of this exploratory study suggest that individual deer feeding behaviors, mobility, and habitat preferences make it difficult to infer seasonal environmental conditions from antler stable isotope values. We suggest, however, that intra-antler stable isotope data may be useful for wildlife management and conservation studies.
{"title":"Assessing the use of stable isotope values from deer antlers as proxies for seasonal environmental variation","authors":"Julien Royer, Andrew D. Somerville","doi":"10.3389/fearc.2023.1221143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fearc.2023.1221143","url":null,"abstract":"We assess the feasibility of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) antlers to serve as archives of information on paleoseasonality by analyzing stable isotope values from four modern white-tailed deer collected in central Iowa, USA. Because antlers develop from early spring to early fall, they may serve as an archive for intra-annual seasonal variations and provide snapshots of past climatic and environmental conditions.Intra-antler samples were collected from the proximal end to distal end along the main beam of each antler and analyzed for carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values from collagen (δ13Ccol, δ15Ncol) and carbon and oxygen stable isotope values in bioapatite (δ13Capa, δ18Oapa). Stable isotope data were then correlated with local climate data (precipitation and temperature) from the months leading up to the date of death of each deer and with the 50-year averages of the region.No consistent seasonal patterning was observed between local climate data and isotopic variables across the antlers. δ13Capa values from each antler, however, do show a trend of being negatively correlated with precipitation variables and mean temperature.The results of this exploratory study suggest that individual deer feeding behaviors, mobility, and habitat preferences make it difficult to infer seasonal environmental conditions from antler stable isotope values. We suggest, however, that intra-antler stable isotope data may be useful for wildlife management and conservation studies.","PeriodicalId":221074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139226461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.3389/fearc.2023.1208908
Edouard Masson-MacLean, Sesilia Niehaus, Elizabeth Fraser, Veronica Lee, Shalen Prado, Orsolya Czére, Jovita Fawcett, J. O’Driscoll, Linus Girdland-Flink, G. Noble, K. Britton
Our knowledge of the use of livestock in early medieval Scotland is fragmentary and relies on a handful of well-studied faunal assemblages, with few from Pictland (north-east Scotland), an important and enigmatic group and latterly kingdom in Northern Britain that existed between the 3rd and 9th centuries AD. The assemblages that have been recovered and studied mainly occur at the limits of this territory, beyond the heartland of the Picts in the northern and eastern mainland. Recent archaeological excavations at three high-status sites in eastern Scotland have unexpectedly yielded well-preserved faunal remains providing a unique and long-awaited opportunity to explore further human-animal relationships and the use of animals in Pictish society. This paper presents new data from the initial study of these assemblages. It discusses the implications in terms of animal economy in Pictland, the potential of these sites to yield larger faunal assemblages and the directions of future research. Results show that cattle were a pivotal element of the economy, playing a multi-faceted role (beef and secondary products), pigs ranked second in frequency which likely reflects the high status of these sites and sheep appear as a marginal resource and were primarily raised for consumption. Results also suggest that these sites may have operated within an integrated network rather than functioning solely as self-sufficient entities.
{"title":"New zooarchaeological evidence from Pictish sites in Scotland: implications for early medieval economies and animal-human relationships","authors":"Edouard Masson-MacLean, Sesilia Niehaus, Elizabeth Fraser, Veronica Lee, Shalen Prado, Orsolya Czére, Jovita Fawcett, J. O’Driscoll, Linus Girdland-Flink, G. Noble, K. Britton","doi":"10.3389/fearc.2023.1208908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fearc.2023.1208908","url":null,"abstract":"Our knowledge of the use of livestock in early medieval Scotland is fragmentary and relies on a handful of well-studied faunal assemblages, with few from Pictland (north-east Scotland), an important and enigmatic group and latterly kingdom in Northern Britain that existed between the 3rd and 9th centuries AD. The assemblages that have been recovered and studied mainly occur at the limits of this territory, beyond the heartland of the Picts in the northern and eastern mainland. Recent archaeological excavations at three high-status sites in eastern Scotland have unexpectedly yielded well-preserved faunal remains providing a unique and long-awaited opportunity to explore further human-animal relationships and the use of animals in Pictish society. This paper presents new data from the initial study of these assemblages. It discusses the implications in terms of animal economy in Pictland, the potential of these sites to yield larger faunal assemblages and the directions of future research. Results show that cattle were a pivotal element of the economy, playing a multi-faceted role (beef and secondary products), pigs ranked second in frequency which likely reflects the high status of these sites and sheep appear as a marginal resource and were primarily raised for consumption. Results also suggest that these sites may have operated within an integrated network rather than functioning solely as self-sufficient entities.","PeriodicalId":221074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134349769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.3389/fearc.2023.1237714
Kaedan O'Brien, Katya Podkovyroff, D. Fernandez, C. Tryon, Lilian Ashioya, J. Faith
For many animals, migration is an important strategy for navigating seasonal bottlenecks in resource availability. In the savannas of eastern Africa, herds of grazing animals, including blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus), Thomson's gazelle (Eudorcas thomsonii), and plains zebra (Equus quagga), travel hundreds of kilometers annually tracking suitable forage and water. However, we know nearly nothing about migration among the extinct species that often dominated Late Pleistocene communities. Using serially sampled 87Sr/86Sr and δ13C, we characterize the prehistoric movement and diet of the enigmatic wildebeest Rusingoryx atopocranion from two localities (Karungu and Rusinga Island) in the Lake Victoria Basin of western Kenya. We find clear evidence for migration in all four individuals studied, with three 87Sr/86Sr series demonstrating high-amplitude fluctuations and all falling outside the modeled isoscape 87Sr/86Sr ranges of the fossil localities from which they were recovered. This suggests that R. atopocranion exhibited migratory behavior comparable to that of its closest living relatives in the genus Connochaetes. Additionally, individuals show seasonally-variable δ13C, with a higher browse intake than modern and fossil eastern African alcelaphins indicating behavioral differences among extinct taxa otherwise unrecognized by comparison with extant related species. That this species was highly migratory aligns with its morphology matching that of an open grassland migrant: it had open-adapted postcranial morphology along with a unique cranial structure convergent with lambeosaurine dinosaurs for calling long distances. We further hypothesize that its migratory behavior may be linked to its extinction, as R. atopocranion disappears from the Lake Victoria Basin fossil sequence coincident with the refilling of Lake Victoria sometime after 36 ka, potentially impeding its past migratory routes. This study characterizes migration in an extinct eastern African species for the first time and shapes our ecological understanding of this unique bovid and the ecosystems in which Middle Stone Age humans lived.
{"title":"Migratory behavior in the enigmatic Late Pleistocene bovid Rusingoryx atopocranion","authors":"Kaedan O'Brien, Katya Podkovyroff, D. Fernandez, C. Tryon, Lilian Ashioya, J. Faith","doi":"10.3389/fearc.2023.1237714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fearc.2023.1237714","url":null,"abstract":"For many animals, migration is an important strategy for navigating seasonal bottlenecks in resource availability. In the savannas of eastern Africa, herds of grazing animals, including blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus), Thomson's gazelle (Eudorcas thomsonii), and plains zebra (Equus quagga), travel hundreds of kilometers annually tracking suitable forage and water. However, we know nearly nothing about migration among the extinct species that often dominated Late Pleistocene communities. Using serially sampled 87Sr/86Sr and δ13C, we characterize the prehistoric movement and diet of the enigmatic wildebeest Rusingoryx atopocranion from two localities (Karungu and Rusinga Island) in the Lake Victoria Basin of western Kenya. We find clear evidence for migration in all four individuals studied, with three 87Sr/86Sr series demonstrating high-amplitude fluctuations and all falling outside the modeled isoscape 87Sr/86Sr ranges of the fossil localities from which they were recovered. This suggests that R. atopocranion exhibited migratory behavior comparable to that of its closest living relatives in the genus Connochaetes. Additionally, individuals show seasonally-variable δ13C, with a higher browse intake than modern and fossil eastern African alcelaphins indicating behavioral differences among extinct taxa otherwise unrecognized by comparison with extant related species. That this species was highly migratory aligns with its morphology matching that of an open grassland migrant: it had open-adapted postcranial morphology along with a unique cranial structure convergent with lambeosaurine dinosaurs for calling long distances. We further hypothesize that its migratory behavior may be linked to its extinction, as R. atopocranion disappears from the Lake Victoria Basin fossil sequence coincident with the refilling of Lake Victoria sometime after 36 ka, potentially impeding its past migratory routes. This study characterizes migration in an extinct eastern African species for the first time and shapes our ecological understanding of this unique bovid and the ecosystems in which Middle Stone Age humans lived.","PeriodicalId":221074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121766933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.3389/fearc.2023.1206750
Gian Battista Marras, G. Boschian
Sardinia is the second biggest island in the Mediterranean region and has been intensely settled since the Middle Holocene (c.7750 BP). Despite a large number of documented Neolithic archaeological sites, very little is known about human-environmental interactions, including land use and domestic activities associated with the emergence and expansion of Neolithic settlements (c. 7750 and 5500 BP). To shed new light on these issues, we carried out new geoarchaeological analyses on buried soils and archaeological sequences exposed at the Neolithic site of Contraguda, northern Sardinia. Physical-chemical analyses combined with a micromorphological study of 24 thin sections from archaeological deposits and buried soil horizons were performed to evaluate the formation processes of archaeological deposits and paleosols. Soil micromorphology detected the presence of pedofeatures originating from land clearance and agricultural activities from the buried Vertisol. Vertisol and Entisol formation largely resulted from the anthropic impact on the landscape, which changed the trajectories of soil development and caused desertification of the environment. Furthermore, sediment fabric and pedofeatures also allowed us to reconstruct Neolithic domestic practices, showing that household maintenance waste debris, which also included animal penning refusal, was dumped into pit structures. Together, our results provide the first geoarchaeological evidence of human impact on soil development within the island during the Middle Holocene and give new insight into the Middle Neolithic (c. 6500-6000 BP) domestic behaviour and land use activities. These findings have significant implications for understanding the island's pedological history and offer a valuable insight on the settlement organization of the Neolithic farming communities and their impacts on the paleoenvironment of Sardinia.
{"title":"Neolithic settlement and paleopedological changes during the Middle Holocene in northern Sardinia (Italy)","authors":"Gian Battista Marras, G. Boschian","doi":"10.3389/fearc.2023.1206750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fearc.2023.1206750","url":null,"abstract":"Sardinia is the second biggest island in the Mediterranean region and has been intensely settled since the Middle Holocene (c.7750 BP). Despite a large number of documented Neolithic archaeological sites, very little is known about human-environmental interactions, including land use and domestic activities associated with the emergence and expansion of Neolithic settlements (c. 7750 and 5500 BP). To shed new light on these issues, we carried out new geoarchaeological analyses on buried soils and archaeological sequences exposed at the Neolithic site of Contraguda, northern Sardinia. Physical-chemical analyses combined with a micromorphological study of 24 thin sections from archaeological deposits and buried soil horizons were performed to evaluate the formation processes of archaeological deposits and paleosols. Soil micromorphology detected the presence of pedofeatures originating from land clearance and agricultural activities from the buried Vertisol. Vertisol and Entisol formation largely resulted from the anthropic impact on the landscape, which changed the trajectories of soil development and caused desertification of the environment. Furthermore, sediment fabric and pedofeatures also allowed us to reconstruct Neolithic domestic practices, showing that household maintenance waste debris, which also included animal penning refusal, was dumped into pit structures. Together, our results provide the first geoarchaeological evidence of human impact on soil development within the island during the Middle Holocene and give new insight into the Middle Neolithic (c. 6500-6000 BP) domestic behaviour and land use activities. These findings have significant implications for understanding the island's pedological history and offer a valuable insight on the settlement organization of the Neolithic farming communities and their impacts on the paleoenvironment of Sardinia.","PeriodicalId":221074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127278975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.3389/fearc.2023.1201351
C. Boulanger, S. Hawkins, C. Shipton, T. Ingicco, A. Sémah, S. S. Samper Carro, S. O’Connor
Homo sapiens were adept at fishing in a range of aquatic habitats by the time they left Africa and reached Southeast Asia ca. 73 kya. In the insular region of Wallacea, humans adapted to a significant maritime environment with sophisticated marine fishing methods and technology by at least 42 kya. However, despite a growing array of evidence suggesting an early inland terrestrial adaptation on large islands in this tropical region, there was previously no evidence of fishing in inland wetlands habitats on the depauperate islands of Wallacea. Here we present new evidence of both marine and freshwater fishing recovered from different occupation phases from the cave sites Laili (ca. 44.6–11.7 kya) and Matja Kuru 2 (ca. 40 kya to Late Holocene) on the island of Timor (Timor-Leste), located near significant riverine and lake environments respectively. This indicates that humans adapted to a wider range of aquatic habitats over time and space in Wallacea than previously thought and moved freely between inland and coastal habitats. Diversification of fishing strategies likely improved chances of survival in an island landscape with an impoverished suite of terrestrial vertebrates under changing climatic conditions.
大约公元前73年，当智人离开非洲到达东南亚时，他们已经熟练地在一系列水生栖息地捕鱼。在Wallacea的岛屿地区，人类至少在42千年前就适应了具有复杂海洋捕鱼方法和技术的重要海洋环境。然而，尽管越来越多的证据表明，在这个热带地区的大岛上有早期的内陆陆地适应，但以前没有证据表明在内陆湿地栖息地中有捕鱼活动。本文提出了在东帝汶帝汶岛(Timor- leste)的Laili(约44.6-11.7 kya)和Matja Kuru 2(约40 kya -晚全新世)洞穴遗址不同占领时期恢复的海洋和淡水捕鱼的新证据，这些遗址分别位于重要的河流和湖泊环境附近。这表明，随着时间和空间的推移，人类适应了比以前认为的更广泛的水生栖息地，并在内陆和沿海栖息地之间自由移动。在气候变化的条件下，在陆地脊椎动物数量稀少的岛屿上，捕鱼策略的多样化可能会提高生存机会。
{"title":"Inland fishing by Homo sapiens during early settlement of Wallacea","authors":"C. Boulanger, S. Hawkins, C. Shipton, T. Ingicco, A. Sémah, S. S. Samper Carro, S. O’Connor","doi":"10.3389/fearc.2023.1201351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fearc.2023.1201351","url":null,"abstract":"Homo sapiens were adept at fishing in a range of aquatic habitats by the time they left Africa and reached Southeast Asia ca. 73 kya. In the insular region of Wallacea, humans adapted to a significant maritime environment with sophisticated marine fishing methods and technology by at least 42 kya. However, despite a growing array of evidence suggesting an early inland terrestrial adaptation on large islands in this tropical region, there was previously no evidence of fishing in inland wetlands habitats on the depauperate islands of Wallacea. Here we present new evidence of both marine and freshwater fishing recovered from different occupation phases from the cave sites Laili (ca. 44.6–11.7 kya) and Matja Kuru 2 (ca. 40 kya to Late Holocene) on the island of Timor (Timor-Leste), located near significant riverine and lake environments respectively. This indicates that humans adapted to a wider range of aquatic habitats over time and space in Wallacea than previously thought and moved freely between inland and coastal habitats. Diversification of fishing strategies likely improved chances of survival in an island landscape with an impoverished suite of terrestrial vertebrates under changing climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":221074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133884040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.3389/fearc.2023.1187087
J. Smyth, R. Gillis, M. Roffet-Salque, Emily V. Johnson, Iain P. Kendall, Marta Krueger, Joanna Pyzel, V. Heyd, A. Marciniak, J. Vigne, M. Balasse, A. Outram, R. Evershed
Recent genetic studies point towards 6th millennium BC central Europe as the core region for the emergence of the lactase persistence (LP) gene mutation -13,910*T, making it important to understand the intensity of milk production and consumption among Linearbandkeramik (or LBK) farming groups. However, it is not known if milking was part of the LBK Neolithic “package” from the start, or if it displayed a discontinuous pattern in time and space. Documenting the changing nature of prehistoric animal exploitation requires integrating multiple strands of evidence and here we detail multi-proxy research into animal management strategies and the intensification of dairying in Neolithic Europe, using the LBK site of Ludwinowo 7 in central Poland as a case study. Lipid biomarker and stable isotope compositions of food residues from vessels provide qualitative and quantitative assessments of the major animal products acquired and processed, while zooarchaeological analyses identify slaughter and butchery practices, revealing the nature of meat, milk and fat exploitation. Stable carbon and oxygen isotope analyses on cattle teeth are also undertaken to define seasonal herd management. This combined approach offers an integrated picture of animal exploitation and milk use at the central European LBK site of Ludwinowo.
{"title":"Integrated approaches to understanding animal exploitation and dairying in the Central European Early Neolithic: a case study from Ludwinowo 7 (Kuyavia, Poland; c. 5250–5000 cal BC)","authors":"J. Smyth, R. Gillis, M. Roffet-Salque, Emily V. Johnson, Iain P. Kendall, Marta Krueger, Joanna Pyzel, V. Heyd, A. Marciniak, J. Vigne, M. Balasse, A. Outram, R. Evershed","doi":"10.3389/fearc.2023.1187087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fearc.2023.1187087","url":null,"abstract":"Recent genetic studies point towards 6th millennium BC central Europe as the core region for the emergence of the lactase persistence (LP) gene mutation -13,910*T, making it important to understand the intensity of milk production and consumption among Linearbandkeramik (or LBK) farming groups. However, it is not known if milking was part of the LBK Neolithic “package” from the start, or if it displayed a discontinuous pattern in time and space. Documenting the changing nature of prehistoric animal exploitation requires integrating multiple strands of evidence and here we detail multi-proxy research into animal management strategies and the intensification of dairying in Neolithic Europe, using the LBK site of Ludwinowo 7 in central Poland as a case study. Lipid biomarker and stable isotope compositions of food residues from vessels provide qualitative and quantitative assessments of the major animal products acquired and processed, while zooarchaeological analyses identify slaughter and butchery practices, revealing the nature of meat, milk and fat exploitation. Stable carbon and oxygen isotope analyses on cattle teeth are also undertaken to define seasonal herd management. This combined approach offers an integrated picture of animal exploitation and milk use at the central European LBK site of Ludwinowo.","PeriodicalId":221074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126319326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-26DOI: 10.3389/fearc.2023.1145220
Aron L. Crowell, M. Arimitsu
For millennia, Inuit peoples of the Arctic and Subarctic have been challenged by the impacts of climate change on the abundance of key subsistence species. Responses to climate-induced declines in animal populations included switching to alternative food sources and/or migrating to regions of greater availability. We examine these dynamics for the Chugach Inuit (Sugpiat) people of southern coastal Alaska by synthesizing a large body of evidence from archeological sites, including radiocarbon dates and archaeofaunal assemblages, and by applying contemporary knowledge of glaciomarine ecosystems, spatial patterns of resource richness, and ocean-climate induced regime shifts in the Gulf of Alaska. We hypothesize that Chugach groups migrated from Cook Inlet and Prince William Sound to the Kenai Peninsula during periods of low sea surface temperatures (SSTs) to harvest harbor seals, which were seasonally aggregated near tidewater glaciers during pupping season, as well as piscivorous seabirds, Pacific cod, and other species that thrive under cool ocean conditions. During warming phases, the Chugach returned to Cook Inlet and Prince William Sound to fish for salmon and other species that abound during higher SSTs. Drivers of this coupled human-natural system of repeated (pulse) migration include the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the dominant pattern of sea surface temperatures in the North Pacific that has been shown to generate step-like regime shifts in the marine food web; and coastal glaciers that structure the functioning of fiord ecosystems and support high levels of biological productivity. The culturally-constructed Chugach niche in the glaciomarine habitat of the Gulf of Alaska was based on intergenerationally transmitted ecological knowledge that enabled a resilient, mobile response to climate and resource variation.
{"title":"Climate change and pulse migration: intermittent Chugach Inuit occupation of glacial fiords on the Kenai Coast, Alaska","authors":"Aron L. Crowell, M. Arimitsu","doi":"10.3389/fearc.2023.1145220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fearc.2023.1145220","url":null,"abstract":"For millennia, Inuit peoples of the Arctic and Subarctic have been challenged by the impacts of climate change on the abundance of key subsistence species. Responses to climate-induced declines in animal populations included switching to alternative food sources and/or migrating to regions of greater availability. We examine these dynamics for the Chugach Inuit (Sugpiat) people of southern coastal Alaska by synthesizing a large body of evidence from archeological sites, including radiocarbon dates and archaeofaunal assemblages, and by applying contemporary knowledge of glaciomarine ecosystems, spatial patterns of resource richness, and ocean-climate induced regime shifts in the Gulf of Alaska. We hypothesize that Chugach groups migrated from Cook Inlet and Prince William Sound to the Kenai Peninsula during periods of low sea surface temperatures (SSTs) to harvest harbor seals, which were seasonally aggregated near tidewater glaciers during pupping season, as well as piscivorous seabirds, Pacific cod, and other species that thrive under cool ocean conditions. During warming phases, the Chugach returned to Cook Inlet and Prince William Sound to fish for salmon and other species that abound during higher SSTs. Drivers of this coupled human-natural system of repeated (pulse) migration include the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the dominant pattern of sea surface temperatures in the North Pacific that has been shown to generate step-like regime shifts in the marine food web; and coastal glaciers that structure the functioning of fiord ecosystems and support high levels of biological productivity. The culturally-constructed Chugach niche in the glaciomarine habitat of the Gulf of Alaska was based on intergenerationally transmitted ecological knowledge that enabled a resilient, mobile response to climate and resource variation.","PeriodicalId":221074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121901105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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