D. Shcherbinin, V. Rybin, S. Rudyi, A. Dubavik, S. Cherevkov, Y. Rozhdestvensky, A. Ivanov
In the present study, we propose a new transparent thin-film ITO surface radio-frequency (RF) trap. Charged hybrid microstructures were localized in the developed ITO trap. We show, analytically and experimentally, that the position of the localization zones in the trapped hybrid structure are stable. The transfer of charged particles between localization zones was studied under the action of gravity-compensating laser radiation. We highlight the advantages of transparent thin-film ITO traps to investigate and manipulate charged particles.
{"title":"Charged Hybrid Microstructures in Transparent Thin-Film ITO Traps: Localization and Optical Control","authors":"D. Shcherbinin, V. Rybin, S. Rudyi, A. Dubavik, S. Cherevkov, Y. Rozhdestvensky, A. Ivanov","doi":"10.3390/surfaces6020010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces6020010","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we propose a new transparent thin-film ITO surface radio-frequency (RF) trap. Charged hybrid microstructures were localized in the developed ITO trap. We show, analytically and experimentally, that the position of the localization zones in the trapped hybrid structure are stable. The transfer of charged particles between localization zones was studied under the action of gravity-compensating laser radiation. We highlight the advantages of transparent thin-film ITO traps to investigate and manipulate charged particles.","PeriodicalId":22129,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84585970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. M. V. Fernandes, C. Maciel, P. Teixeira, C. Pereira, José M. Campiña
The integration of bacteriophages, a particular class of viruses that specifically infect bacteria and archaea, in biosensors for the monitoring of pathogens in foods and beverages is highly desirable. To this end, an increasing focus has been set on the exploration of covalent and physical methods for the immobilization of phages on solid surfaces. This work investigates the electrostatic assembly of tailed phages, specifically anti-Listeria monocytogenes P100 phages, on an ultrathin self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 11-amino-1-undecanethiol (AUT). The cationic properties of AUT may allow for the electrostatic capture of P100 in a capsid-down fashion, thereby exposing the specific receptor-binding proteins on their tails to the corresponding pathogens in the analytical samples. The morphology and charge transfer behavior of the assembled films were studied with atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical techniques. These methods provided valuable insights into the orientation of the phages and the relevant role of the pH. Biological plaque assays revealed that the immobilized phages remain active towards the target bacterium. Overall, this research portrays SAMs of amino-akylthiols as a valid platform for the oriented immobilization of bacteriophages on surfaces for electroanalytical purposes.
{"title":"Electrostatic Assembly of Anti-Listeria Bacteriophages on a Self-Assembled Monolayer of Aminoundecanethiol: Film Morphology, Charge Transfer Studies, and Infectivity Assays","authors":"P. M. V. Fernandes, C. Maciel, P. Teixeira, C. Pereira, José M. Campiña","doi":"10.3390/surfaces6020009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces6020009","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of bacteriophages, a particular class of viruses that specifically infect bacteria and archaea, in biosensors for the monitoring of pathogens in foods and beverages is highly desirable. To this end, an increasing focus has been set on the exploration of covalent and physical methods for the immobilization of phages on solid surfaces. This work investigates the electrostatic assembly of tailed phages, specifically anti-Listeria monocytogenes P100 phages, on an ultrathin self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 11-amino-1-undecanethiol (AUT). The cationic properties of AUT may allow for the electrostatic capture of P100 in a capsid-down fashion, thereby exposing the specific receptor-binding proteins on their tails to the corresponding pathogens in the analytical samples. The morphology and charge transfer behavior of the assembled films were studied with atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical techniques. These methods provided valuable insights into the orientation of the phages and the relevant role of the pH. Biological plaque assays revealed that the immobilized phages remain active towards the target bacterium. Overall, this research portrays SAMs of amino-akylthiols as a valid platform for the oriented immobilization of bacteriophages on surfaces for electroanalytical purposes.","PeriodicalId":22129,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87547184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elisa Dallari, Massimiliano Bononi, A. Pola, M. Tocci, P. Veronesi, R. Giovanardi
The hard anodizing treatments of cast Al-Si alloys are notoriously difficult. Indeed, their microstructural features hinder the growth of a uniform, compact, and defect-free anodic oxide. In this paper, AlSi10Mg samples, produced via Gravity Casting (GC) and Additive Manufacturing, i.e., Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF), were hard anodized in a sulfuric acid bath, in order to verify how the particular microstructure obtained via L-PBF affects the thickness, hardness, compactness, and defectiveness of the anodic oxide. Moreover, for the first time, Pulsed Direct Current (PDC) procedures were used to perform the hard anodizing treatments on additively manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy. Several combinations of temperature and electrical parameters, i.e., current density, frequency, and Duty Cycle, were tested. The anodized samples were characterized through optical microscopy analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, and accelerated corrosion tests, i.e., Potentiodynamic Polarization (POL) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The PDC procedures allowed improvement of the compromise between evenness, compactness, and defectiveness. Among the attempted PDC procedures, a specific combination of electrical parameters and temperature allowed the best results to be obtained, i.e., the highest hardness and the lowest volumetric expansion values without compromising the oxide quality rating and the corrosion resistance behavior. However, none of the attempted PCD strategies allowed the hardness values obtained on samples produced via GC to be reached.
{"title":"Pulsed Current Effect on the Hard Anodizing of an AlSi10Mg Aluminum Alloy Obtained via Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Elisa Dallari, Massimiliano Bononi, A. Pola, M. Tocci, P. Veronesi, R. Giovanardi","doi":"10.3390/surfaces6010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces6010008","url":null,"abstract":"The hard anodizing treatments of cast Al-Si alloys are notoriously difficult. Indeed, their microstructural features hinder the growth of a uniform, compact, and defect-free anodic oxide. In this paper, AlSi10Mg samples, produced via Gravity Casting (GC) and Additive Manufacturing, i.e., Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF), were hard anodized in a sulfuric acid bath, in order to verify how the particular microstructure obtained via L-PBF affects the thickness, hardness, compactness, and defectiveness of the anodic oxide. Moreover, for the first time, Pulsed Direct Current (PDC) procedures were used to perform the hard anodizing treatments on additively manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy. Several combinations of temperature and electrical parameters, i.e., current density, frequency, and Duty Cycle, were tested. The anodized samples were characterized through optical microscopy analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, and accelerated corrosion tests, i.e., Potentiodynamic Polarization (POL) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The PDC procedures allowed improvement of the compromise between evenness, compactness, and defectiveness. Among the attempted PDC procedures, a specific combination of electrical parameters and temperature allowed the best results to be obtained, i.e., the highest hardness and the lowest volumetric expansion values without compromising the oxide quality rating and the corrosion resistance behavior. However, none of the attempted PCD strategies allowed the hardness values obtained on samples produced via GC to be reached.","PeriodicalId":22129,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85027385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Abdel-Rahman, W. El-said, E. M. Sayed, A. Abdel-Wahab
Here, we have synthesized four series of polyamide-conductive polymers and used them to modify Fe3O4 NPs/ITO electrodes. The ability of the modified electrodes to detect methotrexate (MTX) anticancer drug electrochemically was investigated. Synthesis of the target-conducting polyamides, P1a–d, P2a–d, P3a, P3b, P3d, and P4c-d, based on different aromatic moieties, such as ethyl 4-(2-(4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene)hydrazinyl)benzoate, diphenyl sulfone, diphenyl ether or phenyl, has been achieved. They were successfully prepared in good yield via solution–polycondensation reaction of the diamino monomers with different dicarboxylic acid chlorides in the presence of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent and anhydrous LiCl as a catalyst. A model compound 4 was synthesized from one mole of ethyl-4-(2-(3, 5-diamino-4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene)hydrazinyl) benzoate (diamino monomer) (3) with two moles benzoyl chloride. The structure of the synthesized monomers and polymers was confirmed by elemental and spectral analyses. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis evaluated the thermal stabilities of these polyamides. Furthermore, the morphological properties of selected polyamides were examined using an scanning electron microscope. Polyamide/Fe3O4/ITO electrodes were prepared, and the electrochemical measurements were performed to measure the new polyamides’ conductivity and to detect the MTX anticancer drug in phosphate buffer saline using cyclic voltammetry. The polyamides (P3b and P4b)/Fe3O4/ITO electrodes showed the highest sensitivity and reversibility towards MTX.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization of Some Conductive Aromatic Polyamides/Fe3O4 NPs/ITO, and Their Utilization for Methotrexate Sensing","authors":"M. Abdel-Rahman, W. El-said, E. M. Sayed, A. Abdel-Wahab","doi":"10.3390/surfaces6010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces6010007","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we have synthesized four series of polyamide-conductive polymers and used them to modify Fe3O4 NPs/ITO electrodes. The ability of the modified electrodes to detect methotrexate (MTX) anticancer drug electrochemically was investigated. Synthesis of the target-conducting polyamides, P1a–d, P2a–d, P3a, P3b, P3d, and P4c-d, based on different aromatic moieties, such as ethyl 4-(2-(4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene)hydrazinyl)benzoate, diphenyl sulfone, diphenyl ether or phenyl, has been achieved. They were successfully prepared in good yield via solution–polycondensation reaction of the diamino monomers with different dicarboxylic acid chlorides in the presence of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent and anhydrous LiCl as a catalyst. A model compound 4 was synthesized from one mole of ethyl-4-(2-(3, 5-diamino-4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene)hydrazinyl) benzoate (diamino monomer) (3) with two moles benzoyl chloride. The structure of the synthesized monomers and polymers was confirmed by elemental and spectral analyses. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis evaluated the thermal stabilities of these polyamides. Furthermore, the morphological properties of selected polyamides were examined using an scanning electron microscope. Polyamide/Fe3O4/ITO electrodes were prepared, and the electrochemical measurements were performed to measure the new polyamides’ conductivity and to detect the MTX anticancer drug in phosphate buffer saline using cyclic voltammetry. The polyamides (P3b and P4b)/Fe3O4/ITO electrodes showed the highest sensitivity and reversibility towards MTX.","PeriodicalId":22129,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76146422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work discusses studies of electron emissions during the interaction of low energy (in the keV energy range and below) singly charged ions with Aluminum surfaces. Analysis of the spectra provides insight into the electronic excitation processes and the dynamics of the interaction of the projectiles with the surface excitation. The work is primarily focused on the clarification of the role of electron promotion in charge exchange processes that occur during the cascade of atomic collisions. The work highlights the importance of the solid environment and of electron correlation in the understanding of charge exchange and energy deposition in ion-solids interactions.
{"title":"Electron Spectroscopy of Charge Exchange Effects in Low Energy Ion Scattering at Surfaces: Case Studies of Heavy Ions at Al Surface","authors":"P. Riccardi","doi":"10.3390/surfaces6010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces6010006","url":null,"abstract":"This work discusses studies of electron emissions during the interaction of low energy (in the keV energy range and below) singly charged ions with Aluminum surfaces. Analysis of the spectra provides insight into the electronic excitation processes and the dynamics of the interaction of the projectiles with the surface excitation. The work is primarily focused on the clarification of the role of electron promotion in charge exchange processes that occur during the cascade of atomic collisions. The work highlights the importance of the solid environment and of electron correlation in the understanding of charge exchange and energy deposition in ion-solids interactions.","PeriodicalId":22129,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85949316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy)-coated lithium-rich manganese-based Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 (LMNCO) nanotube cathode materials were synthesized by electrospinning and subsequently subjected to low-temperature vapor-phase polymerization. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results confirm that the successful coating of the PPy layer (~2 nm) on the surface of LMNCO nanotubes did not destroy their morphologies or structures. Electrochemical tests indicate that the electrochemical performance of PPy-coated LMNCO nanotubes has been significantly enhanced. At a rate of 1 C, the discharge capacity of the PPy-coated LMNCO cell is 200.1 mAh g−1, and the capacity retention is 99% after 120 cycles. This excellent stability is attributed to the inhibition of side reactions and the protective function of the tubular structure due to the PPy coating layer. Additionally, the rate capability is also improved at a high current density due to the higher electronic and ionic conductivity.
采用静电纺丝法合成了导电聚合物聚吡咯(PPy)包覆富锂锰基Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 (LMNCO)纳米管正极材料，并进行了低温气相聚合。x射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和高分辨率透射电镜(HRTEM)结果证实，在LMNCO纳米管表面成功涂覆PPy层(~2 nm)并没有破坏其形貌和结构。电化学测试表明，ppy包覆的LMNCO纳米管的电化学性能得到了显著提高。在1c倍率下，ppy包覆的LMNCO电池放电容量为200.1 mAh g−1,120次循环后容量保持率为99%。这种优异的稳定性归功于对副反应的抑制和由于PPy涂层而产生的管状结构的保护功能。此外，由于更高的电子和离子电导率，在高电流密度下，速率能力也得到了改善。
{"title":"In Situ Gas-Phase Polymerization of Polypyrrole-Coated Lithium-Rich Nanotubes for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Yangwen Chen, Beibei Sun, Xinchang Wang, Junmin Xu, Liwei Zhang, Jipeng Cheng","doi":"10.3390/surfaces6010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces6010005","url":null,"abstract":"Conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy)-coated lithium-rich manganese-based Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 (LMNCO) nanotube cathode materials were synthesized by electrospinning and subsequently subjected to low-temperature vapor-phase polymerization. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results confirm that the successful coating of the PPy layer (~2 nm) on the surface of LMNCO nanotubes did not destroy their morphologies or structures. Electrochemical tests indicate that the electrochemical performance of PPy-coated LMNCO nanotubes has been significantly enhanced. At a rate of 1 C, the discharge capacity of the PPy-coated LMNCO cell is 200.1 mAh g−1, and the capacity retention is 99% after 120 cycles. This excellent stability is attributed to the inhibition of side reactions and the protective function of the tubular structure due to the PPy coating layer. Additionally, the rate capability is also improved at a high current density due to the higher electronic and ionic conductivity.","PeriodicalId":22129,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90877039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Lomaev, V. Tarasenko, M. Shulepov, D. Beloplotov, D. Sorokin
At present, a diffuse discharge plasma of air and other gases at atmospheric pressure is widely used for the surface treatment of various materials. However, in many papers it is stated that erosion damages occur on flat anodes (targets) as a result of the discharge plasma action. The shape of these damages depends on the discharge mode. In this study, the exposure uniformity was investigated by using nano- and micro-sized carbon particles deposited on a flat copper anode (a carbon layer). The diffuse discharge was formed in a ‘point-plane’ gap with a non-uniform electric field strength distribution by applying voltage pulses with an amplitude of 18 kV. It has been established that at a gap width of 8–10 mm, an imprint of the discharge plasma on the carbon layer deposited on a copper anode has no traces of local erosion. In order for erosion to occur on the surface of the anode in the form of uniformly distributed microcraters, it is necessary to increase the current density at the anode, for example, by decreasing the gap width. When decreasing the gap width to 6 mm and less, spark channels occur. They damage both the carbon layer and the copper anode in its central part. It has been shown that there are three characteristic zones: a color-changing peripheral part of the carbon layer, a decarbonized central part of the anode, and an annular zone located between the central and peripheral parts and containing individual microcraters.
{"title":"Nano-and Microparticles of Carbon as a Tool for Determining the Uniformity of a Diffuse Discharge Exposure","authors":"M. Lomaev, V. Tarasenko, M. Shulepov, D. Beloplotov, D. Sorokin","doi":"10.3390/surfaces6010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces6010004","url":null,"abstract":"At present, a diffuse discharge plasma of air and other gases at atmospheric pressure is widely used for the surface treatment of various materials. However, in many papers it is stated that erosion damages occur on flat anodes (targets) as a result of the discharge plasma action. The shape of these damages depends on the discharge mode. In this study, the exposure uniformity was investigated by using nano- and micro-sized carbon particles deposited on a flat copper anode (a carbon layer). The diffuse discharge was formed in a ‘point-plane’ gap with a non-uniform electric field strength distribution by applying voltage pulses with an amplitude of 18 kV. It has been established that at a gap width of 8–10 mm, an imprint of the discharge plasma on the carbon layer deposited on a copper anode has no traces of local erosion. In order for erosion to occur on the surface of the anode in the form of uniformly distributed microcraters, it is necessary to increase the current density at the anode, for example, by decreasing the gap width. When decreasing the gap width to 6 mm and less, spark channels occur. They damage both the carbon layer and the copper anode in its central part. It has been shown that there are three characteristic zones: a color-changing peripheral part of the carbon layer, a decarbonized central part of the anode, and an annular zone located between the central and peripheral parts and containing individual microcraters.","PeriodicalId":22129,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87789137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-speed machining processes are significantly affected by the accumulation of heat generated by friction in the cutting zone, leading to reduced tool life and poor quality of the machined product. The use of cutting fluids helps to draw the heat out of the area, owing to their cooling and lubricating properties. However, conventional cutting fluid usage leads to considerable damage to human health and the environment, in addition to increasing overall manufacturing costs. In recent years, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) has been used as an alternative lubricating strategy, as it significantly reduces cutting fluid consumption and eliminates coolant treatment/disposal needs, thereby reducing operational costs. In this study, we investigated microstructural surface finishing and heat generation during the high-speed cutting process of 2219 aluminum alloy using an MQL nanofluid. 2219 aluminum alloy offers an enhanced strength-to-weight ratio and high fracture toughness and is commonly used in a wide range of aerospace and other high-temperature applications. However, there is no relevant literature on MQL-based high-speed machining of these materials. In this study, we examined flood coolant and five different MQL nanofluids made by synthesizing 0.2% to 2% concentrations of Al2O3 nanoparticles into ultra-food-grade mineral oil. The study results reveal the chemistry between the MQL of choice and the corresponding surface finishing, showing that the MQL nanofluid with a 0.5% concentration of nanoparticles achieved the most optimal machining result. Furthermore, increasing the nanoparticle concentration does result in any further improvement in the machining result. We also found that adding a 0.5% concentration of nanoparticles to the coolant helped to reduce the temperature at the workpiece–tool interface, obtaining a good surface finish.
{"title":"Study on High-Speed Machining of 2219 Aluminum Utilizing Nanoparticle-Enhanced Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) Technique","authors":"Sagil James, Mehrshad Mazaheri","doi":"10.3390/surfaces6010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces6010003","url":null,"abstract":"High-speed machining processes are significantly affected by the accumulation of heat generated by friction in the cutting zone, leading to reduced tool life and poor quality of the machined product. The use of cutting fluids helps to draw the heat out of the area, owing to their cooling and lubricating properties. However, conventional cutting fluid usage leads to considerable damage to human health and the environment, in addition to increasing overall manufacturing costs. In recent years, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) has been used as an alternative lubricating strategy, as it significantly reduces cutting fluid consumption and eliminates coolant treatment/disposal needs, thereby reducing operational costs. In this study, we investigated microstructural surface finishing and heat generation during the high-speed cutting process of 2219 aluminum alloy using an MQL nanofluid. 2219 aluminum alloy offers an enhanced strength-to-weight ratio and high fracture toughness and is commonly used in a wide range of aerospace and other high-temperature applications. However, there is no relevant literature on MQL-based high-speed machining of these materials. In this study, we examined flood coolant and five different MQL nanofluids made by synthesizing 0.2% to 2% concentrations of Al2O3 nanoparticles into ultra-food-grade mineral oil. The study results reveal the chemistry between the MQL of choice and the corresponding surface finishing, showing that the MQL nanofluid with a 0.5% concentration of nanoparticles achieved the most optimal machining result. Furthermore, increasing the nanoparticle concentration does result in any further improvement in the machining result. We also found that adding a 0.5% concentration of nanoparticles to the coolant helped to reduce the temperature at the workpiece–tool interface, obtaining a good surface finish.","PeriodicalId":22129,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85434268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Estudillo-Wong, C. Guerrero-Barajas, J. Vazquez‐Arenas, N. Alonso‐Vante
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a sustainable technology resulting from the synergism between biotechnology and electrochemistry, exploiting diverse fundamental aspects for the development of numerous applications, including wastewater treatment and energy production. Nevertheless, these devices currently present several limitations and operational restrictions associated with their performance, efficiency, durability, cost, and competitiveness against other technologies. Accordingly, the synthesis of nD nanomaterials (n = 0, 1, 2, and 3) of particular interest in MFCs, methods of assembling a biofilm-based electrode material, in situ and ex situ physicochemical characterizations, electrochemistry of materials, and phenomena controlling electron transfer mechanisms are critically revisited in order to identify the steps that determine the rate of electron transfer, while exploiting novel materials that enhance the interaction that arises between microorganisms and electrodes. This is expected to pave the way for the consolidation of this technology on a large scale to access untapped markets.
{"title":"Revisiting Current Trends in Electrode Assembly and Characterization Methodologies for Biofilm Applications","authors":"L. Estudillo-Wong, C. Guerrero-Barajas, J. Vazquez‐Arenas, N. Alonso‐Vante","doi":"10.3390/surfaces6010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces6010002","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a sustainable technology resulting from the synergism between biotechnology and electrochemistry, exploiting diverse fundamental aspects for the development of numerous applications, including wastewater treatment and energy production. Nevertheless, these devices currently present several limitations and operational restrictions associated with their performance, efficiency, durability, cost, and competitiveness against other technologies. Accordingly, the synthesis of nD nanomaterials (n = 0, 1, 2, and 3) of particular interest in MFCs, methods of assembling a biofilm-based electrode material, in situ and ex situ physicochemical characterizations, electrochemistry of materials, and phenomena controlling electron transfer mechanisms are critically revisited in order to identify the steps that determine the rate of electron transfer, while exploiting novel materials that enhance the interaction that arises between microorganisms and electrodes. This is expected to pave the way for the consolidation of this technology on a large scale to access untapped markets.","PeriodicalId":22129,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74977984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-quality academic publishing is built on rigorous peer review [...]
高质量的学术出版建立在严格的同行评审的基础上[…]
{"title":"Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of Surfaces in 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.3390/surfaces6010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces6010001","url":null,"abstract":"High-quality academic publishing is built on rigorous peer review [...]","PeriodicalId":22129,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85429992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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